Anthony Stephen Fauci is an American physician-scientist and immunologist who served as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) from 1984 to 2022,and the chief medical advisor to the president from 2021 to 2022. Fauci was one of the world's most frequently cited scientists across all scientific journals from 1983 to 2002. In 2008,President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom,the highest civilian award in the United States,for his work on the AIDS relief program PEPFAR.
The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) is a politically conservative non-profit association that promotes conspiracy theories and medical misinformation,such as HIV/AIDS denialism,the abortion–breast cancer hypothesis,and vaccine and autism connections,through its official publication,the Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons. The association was founded in 1943 to oppose a government attempt to nationalize health care. The group has included notable members,including American Republican politicians Ron Paul,Rand Paul and Tom Price.
Stephen Michael Hahn is an American physician who served as the commissioner of food and drugs from 2019 to 2021. Before becoming commissioner,he was an oncologist serving as chief medical executive of the MD Anderson Cancer Center. In 2021,he became chief medical officer at Flagship Pioneering,the venture capital firm that launched Moderna.
Kayleigh McEnany is an American conservative political commentator,television personality,and writer who served the administration of Donald Trump as the 33rd White House press secretary from April 2020 to January 2021.
Ronny Lynn Jackson is an American physician,politician,and former United States Navy officer. He is the U.S. representative for Texas's 13th congressional district. The district is based in Amarillo and includes the Panhandle and much of northeast Texas,as far as Denton.
At 78 years,2 months and 14 days of age,Donald Trump is the oldest major-party presidential nominee in history,after President Joe Biden withdrew from contention prior to becoming the nominee of his own party in the 2024 United States presidential election. If elected,by the end of his term he would become the oldest person ever to hold the office,sparking renewed discussion of his physical fitness to assume the presidency. Since the early days of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign,his physical and mental health have been a subject of public debate. Trump was seventy years old when he first took office,surpassing Ronald Reagan as the oldest person to assume the presidency to that date. During Trump's presidency,comments on his age,weight,lifestyle and history of heart disease have raised questions about his physical health. In addition,numerous public figures,media sources,and mental health professionals have speculated that Donald Trump may have mental health impairments,ranging from narcissistic personality disorder to some form of dementia,which runs in his family.
Drug repositioning is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed. This is one line of scientific research which is being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments. Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.
The Solidarity trial for treatments is a multinational Phase III-IV clinical trial organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners to compare four untested treatments for hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 illness. The trial was announced 18 March 2020,and as of 6 August 2021,12,000 patients in 30 countries had been recruited to participate in the trial.
The Donald Trump administration communicated in various ways during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States,including via social media,interviews,and press conferences with the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Opinion polling conducted in mid-April 2020 indicated that less than half of Americans trusted health information provided by Trump and that they were more inclined to trust local government officials,state government officials,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director Anthony Fauci.
The treatment and management of COVID-19 combines both supportive care,which includes treatment to relieve symptoms,fluid therapy,oxygen support as needed,and a growing list of approved medications. Highly effective vaccines have reduced mortality related to SARS-CoV-2;however,for those awaiting vaccination,as well as for the estimated millions of immunocompromised persons who are unlikely to respond robustly to vaccination,treatment remains important. Some people may experience persistent symptoms or disability after recovery from the infection,known as long COVID,but there is still limited information on the best management and rehabilitation for this condition.
Stella Gwandiku-Ambe Immanuel is a Cameroonian-American physician and pastor. In mid-2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic,a video went viral on social media platforms in which Immanuel said hydroxychloroquine can cure COVID-19,and that public health measures such as social distancing and the wearing of face masks were ineffective and unnecessary. The platforms removed Immanuel's videos and posts,which they said promoted misinformation related to the pandemic.
America's Frontline Doctors (AFLDS) is an American right-wing political organization. Affiliated with Tea Party Patriots co-founder Jenny Beth Martin and publicly led by Simone Gold,the group is opposed to measures intended to control the COVID-19 pandemic,such as business closures,stay-at-home orders,and vaccination. The group promotes falsehoods about the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines.
During his term as president of the United States (2017–2021),Donald Trump and his administration repeatedly politicized science by pressuring or overriding health and science agencies to change their reporting and recommendations so as to conform to his policies and public comments. This was particularly true with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic,but also included suppressing research on climate change and weakening or eliminating environmental regulations.
The White House COVID-19 outbreak was a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections that began in September 2020 and ended in January 2021 that spread among people,including many U.S. government officials,who were in close contact during the COVID-19 pandemic in Washington,D.C. Numerous high-profile individuals were infected,including then President Donald Trump,who was hospitalized for three days. At least 48 White House staff members or associates,closely working with White House personnel,tested positive for the virus. The White House resisted efforts to engage in contact tracing,leaving it unclear how many people were infected in total and what the origins of the spread were.
Kevin C. O'Connor is an American physician and retired U.S. Army colonel serving as the physician to the president.
Vladimir Zelenko was an American family physician. He was born in Kyiv. At the age of three,his family moved to the United States and settled in Brooklyn,New York City. He received his medical degree from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 2000. He was an Orthodox Jew.
Simone Melissa Gold is an American doctor and anti-vaccine activist. She is the founder of America's Frontline Doctors,a right-wing political organization known for spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. Before her arrest and guilty plea for participating in the 2021 United States Capitol attack,she had gained attention when a video of an America's Frontline Doctors press conference in front of the US Supreme Court Building went viral in July 2020. During the press conference,she touted the supposed benefits of hydroxychloroquine,despite evidence that it is ineffective as a COVID-19 treatment and can carry significant risks.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. Chloroquine,along with hydroxychloroquine,was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Administration of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine to COVID-19 patients has been associated with increased mortality and adverse effects,such as QT prolongation. Researchers estimate that off-label use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitals during the first phase of the pandemic caused 17,000 deaths worldwide. The widespread administration of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine,either as monotherapies or in conjunction with azithromycin,has been associated with deleterious outcomes,including QT interval prolongation. As of 2024,scientific evidence does not substantiate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine,with or without the addition of azithromycin,in the therapeutic management of COVID-19.
The United States' response to the COVID-19 pandemic with consists of various measures by the medical community;the federal,state,and local governments;the military;and the private sector. The public response has been highly polarized,with partisan divides being observed and a number of concurrent protests and unrest complicating the response.
David Boulware is a professor of medicine and a practicing infectious disease physician at the University of Minnesota Medical School. He is a member of the graduate faculty for the University of Minnesota School of Public Health Epidemiology PhD program and for the Microbiology,Immunology,and Cancer Biology (MICaB) graduate program. Boulware was the first Lois &Richard King Distinguished Assistant Professorship at the University of Minnesota. Boulware is an active medical researcher engaged in clinical trials in infectious diseases. His expertise is particularly in the realm of HIV-related meningitis,including Cryptococcosis and Tuberculous meningitis.
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