Sepidiini

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Sepidiini
Somaticus aeneus.jpg
Somaticus aeneus, subtribe Trachynotina
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Tenebrionidae
Subfamily: Pimeliinae
Tribe: Sepidiini
Eschscholtz, 1829
Subtribes
Synonyms

The Sepidiini is a tribe of ground-dwelling darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae), [1] that occurs across Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia. It is composed of many hundreds of species. [2] The larvae of some species are known to damage crops. [3]

Contents

Morphology

Their morphology is complex due to their richly divergent forms. [2] They are distinguished from the diurnal taxa, by their well-developed and true hypomera of the elytra, the free mobility of the thorax and hind body, and the free and non-fused pleurital and pleural margins of the sterna and elytra respectively. [2]

Biology

Their morphology is believed to facilitate moisture absorption and accumulation, via the open body sutures and the loosely joined body parts. Subtribe Trachynotina excepting, they show an almost uniform tendency to be nocturnal, crepuscular or shade-loving. [2] Like the tribe Tentyriini, their daily rhythm is based on a strictly nocturnal ancestral disposition. Their open and non-connate body sutures suggest the enjoyment of nocturnal conditions and night moisture. [2]

At night, a surface secretion of a sometimes pruinescent or waxy substance has been noted on the bodies of genera Brinckia , Namibomodes , Synhimba and Ocnodes (or Phanerotomea ). This is assumed to prevent evaporation. [2]

Taxonomy

The tribe Sepidiini is made up of 6 subtribes, 70 genera, and more than 1000 species. These genera belong to the tribe Sepidiini:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darkling beetle</span> Family of beetles

Darkling beetle is the common name for members of the beetle family Tenebrionidae. The number of species in the Tenebrionidae is estimated at more than 20,000 and the family is cosmopolitan in distribution.

<i>Ocnodes</i> Genus of beetles

The helmet toktokkies are ground-dwelling, Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae.

<i>Psammodes</i> Genus of beetles

Psammodes is a genus of ground-dwelling Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are black or dark rufous in color and stout in shape, and average about 2.6 cm in body length. Like the related genus Dichtha, the adults tap out a rhythm on the ground to attract and locate mates. Habitats are varied, from coastal forests to ridges and hills, woodland and deserts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asidini</span> Tribe of beetles

Asidini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Asidini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ulomini</span> Tribe of beetles

Ulomini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 20 genera among Ulomini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypomelina</span> Subtribe of beetles

Hypomelina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 9 genera and more than 40 described species in Hypomelina, found mainly in southern Africa. The majority of species were described from the Namibian coast, and only the genus Bombocnodulus is found as far north as central Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molurina</span> Subtribe of beetles

Molurina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are 28 genera and 579 described species and subspecies in subtribe Molurina. The type genus for this subtribe is Moluris. These beetles are widely distributed through the Afrotropics, with the exception of western Africa.

Oxurina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 8 genera and more than 50 described species in Oxurina, found in southern and central Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phanerotomeina</span> Subtribe of beetles

Phanerotomeina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 5 genera and more than 150 described species in Phanerotomeina, found mainly in the southern part of the Afrotropics. Only two species were described north of the equator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sepidiina</span> Subtribe of beetles

Sepidiina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 8 genera and more than 110 described species in Sepidiina, found widely distributed in the Mediterranean area and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most species were described from the Horn of Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trachynotina</span> Subtribe of beetles

Trachynotina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 10 genera and more than 170 described species in Trachynotina, found in southern Africa. Although Sepidiini species attract the attention of enthusiasts due to their outstanding morphology and behaviour, the group lacks comprehensive revisions at all taxonomic levels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tentyriini</span>

Tentyriini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 90 genera in Tentyriini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarygmini</span>

Amarygmini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 80 genera in Amarygmini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dendarini</span> Genus of Darkling Beetles

Dendarini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Dendarini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedinini</span>

Pedinini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 19 genera in Pedinini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platynotini</span>

Platynotini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 70 genera in Platynotini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platyscelidini</span>

Platyscelidini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about eight genera in Platyscelidini.

<i>Mariazofia</i> Genus of beetles

Mariazofia is a genus of ground-dwelling Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are among the largest of the darkling beetles. Like other genera within subtribe Molurina, adults of this genus engage in a behavior known as "substrate tapping", a form of sexual communication in which they produce vibrations by tapping their abdomen rhythmically on the ground to attract mates. Their common name, "tok-tok beetle" or "toktokkie beetle", is based on this behavior.

References

  1. 1 2 Bouchard, Patrice; Lawrence, J.F.; Davies, A.E.; Newton, A.F. (2005). "Synoptic Classification of the World Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with a review of Family-group names" (PDF). Annales Zoologici. 55 (4): 499–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Koch, C. "The Tenebrionidae of Southern Africa, XXXII New Psammophilous species from the Namib desert" (PDF). Annals of the Transvaal Museum: 107–124. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Drinkwater, T.W. (1991). "Morphology of and key to the larvae of six somaticus spp coleoptera tenebrionidae". Journal of African Zoology. 105 (6): 509–536. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 Kamiński, Marcin J.; Kanda, Kojun; Lumen, Ryan; Ulmer, Jonah M.; et al. (2019). "A catalogue of the tribe Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae) of the world". ZooKeys (844): 1–121. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.844.34241 . PMC   6527536 . PMID   31143077.
  5. ↑ Kamiński, Marcin J.; Gearner, Olivia M.; Raś, Marcin; Hunsinger, Elliot T.; Smith, Amelia L.; Mas‐Peinado, Paloma; Girón, Jennifer C.; Bilska, Aleksandra G.; Strümpher, Werner P.; Wirth, Christopher C.; Kanda, Kojun; Swichtenberg, Kali; Iwan, Dariusz; Smith, Aaron D. (2022). "Female terminalia morphology and cladistic relations among Tok‐Tok beetles (Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)". Cladistics: cla.12510. doi:10.1111/cla.12510. PMID   35785491. S2CID   250283827.
  6. 1 2 Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Aalbu, Rolf L.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; et al. (2021). "Review of genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta, Coleoptera)". ZooKeys (1050): 1–633. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1050.64217 . hdl: 10261/250214 . PMC   8328949 . PMID   34385881.
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