Mariazofia | |
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Toktokkie beetle (Mariazofia spp.) in Signal Hill, Cape Town, South Africa | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
Family: | Tenebrionidae |
Subtribe: | Molurina |
Genus: | Mariazofia Kamiński, 2022 [1] |
Mariazofia is a genus of ground-dwelling Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are among the largest of the darkling beetles. Like other genera within subtribe Molurina, adults of this genus engage in a behavior known as "substrate tapping", a form of sexual communication in which they produce vibrations by tapping their abdomen rhythmically on the ground to attract mates. Their common name, "tok-tok beetle" or "toktokkie beetle", is based on this behavior. [2]
The name of this genus —Mariazofia— is a portmanteau of the names of the daughters (Maria and Zofia) of the first author of the paper in which it is first described. [1]
Mariazofia is black or dark rufous in color and stout in shape, and average about 2.6 centimetres (1.0 in) in body length. It is similar in appearance to Moluris , having confined patches of bristles on the abdomen in males, as well as a similar structure of the female abdominal terminalia. Mariazofia can be distinguished from Moluris because the head is prognathous in the case of Mariazofia, while it is hypognathous in Moluris. Also the pronotal disc is nonconvex in the case of Mariazofia, while it is convex in Moluris. [1]
These beetles are widely distributed throughout Southern Africa in various habitats, ranging from coastal forests to hills, woodlands, and deserts.
A detailed cladistic analysis of specimens within the tribe Sepidiini was recently completed, based on certain anatomic features of female specimens (e.g., ovipositor, genital tubes, spiculum ventrale and proctiger). This analysis has resulted in a major revision of the taxonomic classification within this tribe, including the description of several novel taxa. Among these is Mariazofia, first described in 2022 by Kamiński, et al. Most of the species within this new genus were previously classified within genus Psammodes . As of late 2022, the genus contains 141 species, [1] including:
The Sepidiini is a tribe of ground-dwelling darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae), that occurs across Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia. It is composed of many hundreds of species. The larvae of some species are known to damage crops.
The tar darkling beetles (Somaticus) are an Afrotropical genus of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae). Adults are omnivorous scavengers, and the larvae, known as false wireworms, feed on plant roots. The larvae of several species are known to damage maize crops. The adults are matte black with longitudinal ridges on the pronotum and elytra, and may be covered in hairs of different colours.
The helmet toktokkies are ground-dwelling, Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae.
Psammodes is a genus of ground-dwelling Afrotropical beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are black or dark rufous in color and stout in shape, and average about 2.6 cm in body length. Like the related genus Dichtha, the adults tap out a rhythm on the ground to attract and locate mates. Habitats are varied, from coastal forests to ridges and hills, woodland and deserts.
Hypomelus is a genus of beetles of the family Tenebrionidae. It is the type genus of the Hypomelina subtribe.
Renatiella is a genus of diurnal, herbivorous beetles, which is found from East to southern Africa.
Asidini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Asidini.
Stenocara is a genus of darkling beetles which is native to southern Africa. Several species are endemic to Namibia.
Hypomelina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 9 genera and more than 40 described species in Hypomelina, found mainly in southern Africa. The majority of species were described from the Namibian coast, and only the genus Bombocnodulus is found as far north as central Africa.
Molurina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are 28 genera and 579 described species and subspecies in subtribe Molurina. The type genus for this subtribe is Moluris. These beetles are widely distributed through the Afrotropics, with the exception of western Africa.
Sepidiina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 8 genera and more than 110 described species in Sepidiina, found widely distributed in the Mediterranean area and Sub-Saharan Africa. Most species were described from the Horn of Africa.
Trachynotina is a subtribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 10 genera and more than 170 described species in Trachynotina, found in southern Africa. Although Sepidiini species attract the attention of enthusiasts due to their outstanding morphology and behaviour, the group lacks comprehensive revisions at all taxonomic levels.
Adelostomini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Adelostomini, found primarily in tropical Africa.
Tentyriini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the subfamily Pimeliinae of the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 90 genera in Tentyriini.
Amarygmini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 80 genera in Amarygmini.
Dendarini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 30 genera in Dendarini.
Pedinini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are about 19 genera in Pedinini.
Platynotini is a tribe of darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. There are more than 70 genera in Platynotini.