Sharon Glotzer

Last updated
Sharon C. Glotzer
Sharon Glotzer at ENIAC.jpg
Born
New York City, United States
Known for Directional Entropic Force
Self-assembly
Patchy particles
Awards Simons Investigator, 2012–2021
Member, National Academy Engineering, 2019
Member, National Academy Sciences, 2014
Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011
Fellow, American Physical Society
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Fellow, Materials Research Society
Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow, 2009–2014
Aneesur Rahman Prize in Computational Physics, American Physical Society
MRS Medal, Materials Research Society
Alpha Chi Sigma Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Nanoscale Science & Engineering Forum Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Charles M.E. Stine Award, American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Scientific career
Fields Physics
Chemistry
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Institutions University of Michigan
Doctoral advisor H. Eugene Stanley

Sharon C. Glotzer is an American scientist and "digital alchemist", [1] the Anthony C. Lembke Department Chair of Chemical Engineering, the John Werner Cahn Distinguished University Professor of Engineering and the Stuart W. Churchill Collegiate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan, where she is also professor of materials science and engineering, professor of physics, professor of macromolecular science and engineering, and professor of applied physics. She is recognized for her contributions to the fields of soft matter and computational science, most notably on problems in assembly science and engineering, nanoscience, and the glass transition, for which the elucidation of the nature of dynamical heterogeneity in glassy liquids is of particular significance. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Contents

Education

Glotzer obtained her BSc in physics at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1987, and her PhD in 1993 in theoretical soft condensed matter physics research under the guidance of H. Eugene Stanley at Boston University. [2]

Academic career

Sharon Glotzer joined the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland, in 1993 as a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow in the Polymers Division of the Materials Science & Engineering Laboratory. She became a permanent member of the Polymers Division, and was the co-founder, deputy director, and then director of the NIST Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science from 1994 to 2000. In January 2001 she moved to the University of Michigan as a tenured associate professor in Chemical Engineering and in Materials Science & Engineering. She is now the Anthony C. Lembke Department Chair of Chemical Engineering, the John Werner Cahn Distinguished University Professor of Engineering, and the Stuart W. Churchill Collegiate Professor of Chemical Engineering. Glotzer holds additional appointments in Materials Science and Engineering, Physics, Applied Physics, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and is a core member of the Biointerfaces Institute. She is a member of several boards, including the board of directors of the Materials Research Society, and the board on Chemical Sciences and Technology of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. She serves as associate editor of the leading nanoscience journal ACS Nano .

Research and achievements

Glotzer made fundamental contributions to the field of the glass transition, for which the molecular dynamics simulation of Lennard-Jones particles exhibiting dynamical heterogeneity in the form of string-like motion in a 3D-liquid [3] is of particular significance. [4] In addition, her paper together with Michael J. Solomon on anisotropy dimensions of patchy particles [5] has become a classic work, inspiring research directions of groups around the world. Glotzer and collaborators also hold the record for the densest tetrahedron packing and discovered that hard tetrahedrons can self-assemble into a dodecagonal quasicrystal. [6]

Glotzer and collaborators coined the term ‘Directional Entropic Forces’ [7] in 2011 to denote the effective interaction that drives anisotropic hard particles to align their facets during self-assembly and/or crystallization. This idea, which builds on Onsager's work on spherocylinders, [8] allows for predictions of expected assembled crystal and crystal-like structures from attributes of the particles' shape. [9]

According to Google Scholar, her publications have received over 22,000 citations and her h-index is 75. [10]

Honors and awards

Glotzer was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2019 for the development of computer-based design principles for assembly engineering and manufacturing of advanced materials and nanotechnology. [11] She was also elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011. She is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the Materials Research Society. She is a member of the second inaugural class of Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering (now Vannevar Bush) Faculty Fellows, and was named a Simons Investigator [12] in 2012, part of the inaugural class of Investigators. Like the MacArthur "Genius" Awardees, both Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellows and Simons Investigators receive significant funding to pursue unrestricted basic research. Glotzer is the recipient of numerous awards, including the [Nanoscale Science & Engineering Forum Award, the Alpha Chi Sigma Award and the Charles M.A. Stine Award, all from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); the MRS Medal from the Materials Research Society; the Aneesur Rahman Prize in Computational Physics and the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award, both from the American Physical Society; a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE); and a Department of Commerce Bronze Medal Award for Superior Federal Service. In 2014, she became an associate editor of ACS Nano . [13]

Footnotes

  1. "'Digital Alchemist' Seeks Rules of Emergence". Quanta Magazine. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  2. "Sharon C. Glotzer - Chemical Engineering". College of Engineering, University of Michigan. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  3. Kob, Walter; Donati, Claudio; Plimpton, Steven J.; Poole, Peter H.; Glotzer, Sharon C. (1997). "Dynamical Heterogeneities in a Supercooled Lennard-Jones Liquid". Physical Review Letters. 79 (15): 2827–2830. arXiv: cond-mat/9706075 . Bibcode:1997PhRvL..79.2827K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2827. S2CID   14823693.
  4. Sillescu, Hans (1999). "Heterogeneity at the glass transition: a review". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 243 (2–3): 81–108. Bibcode:1999JNCS..243...81S. doi:10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00831-X.
  5. Glotzer SC; Solomon MJ (2007). "Anisotropy of building blocks and their assembly into complex structures". Nature Materials. 6 (8): 557–562. doi:10.1038/nmat1949. PMID   17667968.
  6. Haji-Akbari, Amir; Engel, Michael; Keys, Aaron S.; Zheng, Xiaoyu; Petschek, Rolfe G.; Palffy-Muhoray, Peter; Glotzer, Sharon C. (2009). "Disordered, quasicrystalline and crystalline phases of densely packed tetrahedra". Nature. 462 (7274): 773–777. arXiv: 1012.5138 . Bibcode:2009Natur.462..773H. doi:10.1038/nature08641. PMID   20010683. S2CID   4412674.
  7. Damasceno, Pablo F.; Engel, Michael; Glotzer, Sharon C. (2012). "Crystalline Assemblies and Densest Packings of a Family of Truncated Tetrahedra and the Role of Directional Entropic Forces". ACS Nano. 6 (1): 609–14. arXiv: 1109.1323 . doi:10.1021/nn204012y. PMID   22098586. S2CID   12785227.
  8. Onsager, Lars (1949). "The Effects of Shape on the Interaction of Colloidal Particles". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51 (4): 627–659. Bibcode:1949NYASA..51..627O. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27296.x. S2CID   84562683.
  9. Damasceno, Pablo F.; Engel, Michael; Glotzer, Sharon C. (2012). "Structural Diversity and the Role of Particle Shape and Dense Fluid Behavior in Assemblies of Hard Polyhedra". arXiv: 1202.2177 [cond-mat.soft].
  10. "Google Scholar: Sharon Glotzer" . Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  11. "National Academy of Engineering Elects 86 Members and 18 Foreign Members". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  12. Simons' Investigator, simonsfoundation.org
  13. Mulvaney, Paul (2015). "Nanoscience vs Nanotechnology—Defining the Field". ACS Nano. 9 (3): 2215–7. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01418 . PMID   25802086.

Articles

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Truncated tetrahedron</span> Archimedean solid with 8 faces

In geometry, the truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 equilateral triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges. It can be constructed by truncating all 4 vertices of a regular tetrahedron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Percolation</span> Filtration of fluids through porous materials

In physics, chemistry, and materials science, percolation refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is described by Darcy's law. Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Self-assembly</span> Process in which disordered components form an organized structure or pattern

Self-assembly is a process in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction. When the constitutive components are molecules, the process is termed molecular self-assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanomotor</span> Molecular device capable of converting energy into movement

A nanomotor is a molecular or nanoscale device capable of converting energy into movement. It can typically generate forces on the order of piconewtons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Coveney</span> British chemist

Peter V. Coveney is a British chemist who is Professor of Physical Chemistry, Honorary Professor of Computer Science, and the Director of the Centre for Computational Science (CCS) and Associate Director of the Advanced Research Computing Centre at University College London (UCL). He is also a Professor of Applied High Performance Computing at University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Professor Adjunct at the Yale School of Medicine, Yale University. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and Member of Academia Europaea. Coveney is active in a broad area of interdisciplinary research including condensed matter physics and chemistry, materials science, as well as life and medical sciences in all of which high performance computing plays a major role. The citation about Coveney on his election as a FREng says: Coveney "has made outstanding contributions across a wide range of scientific and engineering fields, including physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, materials, computer science, high performance computing and biomedicine, much of it harnessing the power of supercomputing to conduct original research at unprecedented space and time scales. He has shown outstanding leadership across these fields, manifested through running multiple initiatives and multi-partner interdisciplinary grants, in the UK, Europe and the US. His achievements at national and international level in advocacy and enablement are exceptional".

In physics, an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather than from a particular underlying force on the atomic scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrahedron packing</span> Concept in three-dimensional geometry

In geometry, tetrahedron packing is the problem of arranging identical regular tetrahedra throughout three-dimensional space so as to fill the maximum possible fraction of space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Self-propelled particles</span> Type of autonomous agent

Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent random walk. Natural systems which have inspired the study and design of these particles include walking, swimming or flying animals. Other biological systems include bacteria, cells, algae and other micro-organisms. Generally, self-propelled particles often refer to artificial systems such as robots or specifically designed particles such as swimming Janus colloids, bimetallic nanorods, nanomotors and walking grains. In the case of directed propulsion, which is driven by a chemical gradient, this is referred to as chemotaxis, observed in biological systems, e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. enzyme molecule chemotaxis and enzyme powered hard and soft particles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Younan Xia</span> Chinese-American nanomedicine researcher

Younan Xia is a Chinese-American chemist, materials scientist, and bioengineer. He is the Brock Family Chair and Georgia Research Alliance (GRA) Eminent Scholar in Nanomedicine in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, with joint appointments in the School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Cates</span> British physicist (born 1961)

Michael Elmhirst Cates is a British physicist. He is the 19th Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and has held this position since 1 July 2015. He was previously Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, and has held a Royal Society Research Professorship since 2007.

A depletion force is an effective attractive force that arises between large colloidal particles that are suspended in a dilute solution of depletants, which are smaller solutes that are preferentially excluded from the vicinity of the large particles. One of the earliest reports of depletion forces that lead to particle coagulation is that of Bondy, who observed the separation or "creaming" of rubber latex upon addition of polymer depletant molecules to solution. More generally, depletants can include polymers, micelles, osmolytes, ink, mud, or paint dispersed in a continuous phase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monica Olvera de la Cruz</span> Soft-matter theorist

Monica Olvera de la Cruz is a Mexican born, American and French soft-matter theorist who is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor of Chemistry, and by courtesy Professor of Physics and Astronomy and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, at Northwestern University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicholas A. Kotov</span>

Nicholas A. Kotov is the Irving Langmuir Distinguished Professor of Chemical Sciences and Engineering at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Prof. Nicholas Kotov demonstrated that the ability to self-organize into complex structures is the unifying property of all inorganic nanostructures. He has developed a family of bioinspired composite materials with a wide spectrum of properties that were previously unattainable in classical materials. These composite biomimetic materials are exemplified by his nacre-like ultrastrong yet transparent composites, enamel-like, stiff yet vibration-isolating composites, and cartilage-like membranes with both high strength and ion conductance.

Patchy particles are micron- or nanoscale colloidal particles that are anisotropically patterned, either by modification of the particle surface chemistry, through particle shape, or both. The particles have a repulsive core and highly interactive surfaces that allow for this assembly. The placement of these patches on the surface of a particle promotes bonding with patches on other particles. Patchy particles are used as a shorthand for modelling anisotropic colloids, proteins and water and for designing approaches to nanoparticle synthesis. Patchy particles range in valency from two or higher. Patchy particles of valency three or more experience liquid-liquid phase separation. Some phase diagrams of patchy particles do not follow the law of rectilinear diameters.

Many experimental realizations of self-propelled particles exhibit a strong tendency to aggregate and form clusters, whose dynamics are much richer than those of passive colloids. These aggregates of particles form for a variety of reasons, from chemical gradients to magnetic and ultrasonic fields. Self-propelled enzyme motors and synthetic nanomotors also exhibit clustering effects in the form of chemotaxis. Chemotaxis is a form of collective motion of biological or non-biological particles toward a fuel source or away from a threat, as observed experimentally in enzyme diffusion and also synthetic chemotaxis or phototaxis. In addition to irreversible schooling, self-propelled particles also display reversible collective motion, such as predator–prey behavior and oscillatory clustering and dispersion.

Collective motion is defined as the spontaneous emergence of ordered movement in a system consisting of many self-propelled agents. It can be observed in everyday life, for example in flocks of birds, schools of fish, herds of animals and also in crowds and car traffic. It also appears at the microscopic level: in colonies of bacteria, motility assays and artificial self-propelled particles. The scientific community is trying to understand the universality of this phenomenon. In particular it is intensively investigated in statistical physics and in the field of active matter. Experiments on animals, biological and synthesized self-propelled particles, simulations and theories are conducted in parallel to study these phenomena. One of the most famous models that describes such behavior is the Vicsek model introduced by Tamás Vicsek et al. in 1995.

Carla Molteni is an Italian Professor of Physics at King's College London. She works on computer simulations of materials and biomolecules.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anna Fontcuberta i Morral</span> Spanish and Swiss physicist and materials scientist

Anna Fontcuberta i Morral is a Spanish and Swiss physicist and materials scientist. Her research focuses on nanotechnology applied in the production of solar cells. She is a full professor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and the head of the Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sylvie Roke</span> Dutch chemist and physicist specialized in photochemistry

Sylvie Roke is a Dutch chemist and physicist specialized in photonics and aqueous systems. As a full professor she holds Julia Jacobi Chair of Photomedicine at EPFL and is the director of the Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microswimmer</span> Microscopic object able to traverse fluid

A microswimmer is a microscopic object with the ability to move in a fluid environment. Natural microswimmers are found everywhere in the natural world as biological microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, protists, sperm and microanimals. Since the turn of the millennium there has been increasing interest in manufacturing synthetic and biohybrid microswimmers. Although only two decades have passed since their emergence, they have already shown promise for various biomedical and environmental applications.