In sociology,homosociality means same-sex relationships that are not of a romantic or sexual nature,such as friendship,mentorship,or others. Researchers who use the concept mainly do so to explain how men uphold men's dominance in society.
Feminist sociology is an interdisciplinary exploration of gender and power throughout society. Here,it uses conflict theory and theoretical perspectives to observe gender in its relation to power,both at the level of face-to-face interaction and reflexivity within social structures at large. Focuses include sexual orientation,race,economic status,and nationality.
Intersectionality is a sociological analytical framework for understanding how groups' and individuals' social and political identities result in unique combinations of discrimination and privilege. Examples of these factors include gender,caste,sex,race,ethnicity,class,sexuality,religion,disability,height,age,and weight. These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing. However,little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the practical uses of intersectionality.
Patricia Hill Collins is an American academic specializing in race,class,and gender. She is a distinguished university professor of sociology emerita at the University of Maryland,College Park. She is also the former head of the Department of African-American Studies at the University of Cincinnati. Collins was elected president of the American Sociological Association (ASA),and served in 2009 as the 100th president of the association –the first African-American woman to hold this position.
Greek love is a term originally used by classicists to describe the primarily homoerotic customs,practices,and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. It was frequently used as a euphemism for both homosexuality and pederasty. The phrase is a product of the enormous impact of the reception of classical Greek culture on historical attitudes toward sexuality,and its influence on art and various intellectual movements.
'Greece' as the historical memory of a treasured past was romanticised and idealised as a time and a culture when love between males was not only tolerated but actually encouraged,and expressed as the high ideal of same-sex camaraderie. ... If tolerance and approval of male homosexuality had happened once—and in a culture so much admired and imitated by the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries—might it not be possible to replicate in modernity the antique homeland of the non-heteronormative?
Homosexuality in ancient Rome often differs markedly from the contemporary West. Latin lacks words that would precisely translate "homosexual" and "heterosexual". The primary dichotomy of ancient Roman sexuality was active / dominant / masculine and passive / submissive / feminine. Roman society was patriarchal,and the freeborn male citizen possessed political liberty (libertas) and the right to rule both himself and his household (familia). "Virtue" (virtus) was seen as an active quality through which a man (vir) defined himself. The conquest mentality and "cult of virility" shaped same-sex relations. Roman men were free to enjoy sex with other males without a perceived loss of masculinity or social status as long as they took the dominant or penetrative role. Acceptable male partners were slaves and former slaves,prostitutes,and entertainers,whose lifestyle placed them in the nebulous social realm of infamia,so they were excluded from the normal protections accorded to a citizen even if they were technically free. Freeborn male minors were off limits at certain periods in Rome.
The African Gender Institute (AGI) is a feminist research and teaching group that studies issues related to gender in Africa. It has become a department at the University of Cape Town (UCT),administered within the School of African and Gender Studies,Social Anthropology and Linguistics. The AGI has its own staff and has a unique degree of independence from UCT.
In feminist theory,the male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world in the visual arts and in literature from a masculine,heterosexual perspective that presents and represents women as sexual objects for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer. In the visual and aesthetic presentations of narrative cinema,the male gaze has three perspectives:that of the man behind the camera,that of the male characters within the film's cinematic representations;and that of the spectator gazing at the image.
Goddesses,Whores,Wives,and Slaves:Women in Classical Antiquity is a 1975 feminist history book by Sarah B. Pomeroy. The work covers the lives of women in antiquity from the Greek Dark Ages to the death of Constantine the Great. The book was one of the first English works on women's history in any period. It has been used as a textbook in many university-level courses on women in classical antiquity.
Amy Ellen Richlin is a professor in the Department of Classics at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Her areas of specialization include Latin literature,the history of sexuality,and feminist theory.
Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz is a classical scholar,specialising in ancient Greek literature and intersectional feminism.
The Women's Classical Committee UK (WCC) is a group of academics,students,and teachers who aim to support women in Classics,promote feminist and gender-informed perspectives in Classics,raise the profile of the study of women in antiquity and Classical reception,and advance equality and diversity in Classics.
Fiona McHardy is a Professor of Classics and also the Head of History and Classics in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Roehampton. In 2003 she started work at Roehampton where she was responsible for building up the BA Classical Civilisation. Her research interests include ancient and modern Greek literature,folk poetry,anthropology and culture. She teaches modules on ancient Greek language,literature and culture.
Rebecca Futo Kennedy is Associate Professor of Classics,Women's and Gender Studies,and Environmental Studies at Denison University,and the Director of the Denison Museum. Her research focuses on the political,social,and cultural history of Classical Athens,Athenian tragedy,ancient immigration,ancient theories of race and ethnicity,and the reception of those theories in modern race science.
Ruby Blondell is Professor Emerita of Classics and Adjunct Professor Emerita of Gender,Women,&Sexuality Studies at the University of Washington;prior to retirement,they were the Byron W. and Alice L. Lockwood Professor of Humanities also at the University of Washington. Their research centres on Greek intellectual history,gender studies,and the reception of ancient myth in contemporary culture.
Sarah B. Pomeroy is an American Professor of Classics.
The ethnicity of Cleopatra VII,the last active Hellenistic ruler of the Macedonian-led Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt,has caused debate in some circles. There is a general consensus among scholars that she was predominantly of Macedonian Greek ancestry and minorly of Iranian descent. Others,including some scholars and laymen,have speculated whether she may have had additional ancestries.
Tina Passman is an American classical scholar,who is Emeritus Associate Professor of Classical Language and Literature at the University of Maine. Alongside David Halperin,Passman was one of the first co-chairs of the Lesbian and Gay Classical Caucus,now Lambda Classical Caucus,which was founded in 1989. She studied for her BA,MA and PhD in Classics at the University of Iowa. Her research interests include women in the ancient world,multiculturalism,community building and inclusion. She pioneered online teaching and the adoption of universal design in her field.
Barbara McManus was a professor of classics at The College of New Rochelle and an expert in classics and comparative literature,feminism,mythology,and women in antiquity. She was acknowledged both for her research and for innovative teaching approaches,and had a significant influence on both the teaching and research of women in antiquity,and women as classicists.
