Simon Hullihen | |
---|---|
Born | Pennsylvania | December 10, 1810
Died | March 27, 1857 46) | (aged
Education | Washington Medical College |
Known for | Known as the Father of Oral Surgery, [1] one of the first persons to be designated as an oral surgeon |
Medical career | |
Profession | Surgeon, Dentist |
Sub-specialties | Oral and maxillofacial surgery Dental surgery |
Simon Hullihen ( /hʌllɪhɛn/ HULL-i-hen) MD, DDS (December 10, 1810 – March 27, 1857) was a dental surgeon born in Point Township, Pennsylvania. [2] He completed his medical degree and was inspired to seek a career in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Regarded as the first oral surgeon in the United States, he helped to develop many modern techniques of maxillofacial surgery and contributed to the establishment of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a surgical specialty. [3]
Simon was born into an Irish-American family of farmers in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania in about 1810. At about the age of nine, he fell into a lime kiln and hurt both of his feet so badly that he was left bedridden for two years. It was during this experience, frequently treated by local physicians, that he decided to pursue medicine as his career. He obtained his MD from Washington Medical College, in Baltimore in 1832, and also started his career as an instructor there but eventually moved to Canton, Ohio to practice medicine. He then moved to Pittsburgh where he met his future wife Elizabeth, whom he married in 1835, they planned to relocate to Kentucky but Simon became too ill to complete the journey. So instead, they settled along the way in Wheeling, West Virginia, still a part of Virginia at that time, where he opened a practice devoted to surgery of the mouth, head, and neck. [4] In 1857 at about the age of 47, Hullihen died of pneumonia from typhoid fever.
Hullihen's practice in Wheeling gained him accord with other local physicians and he became well known for his pioneering work on the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Hullihen advocated that a cleft lip can be repaired on an infant but a cleft palate cannot be repaired until later ages due to its need for a cooperative patient. In 1842, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, formerly known as Baltimore College of Dentistry, awarded an honorary Doctorate of Dental Surgery to Hullihen. In 1849, he published a paper in American Journal of Dental Science entitled "Case of Elongation of the Underjaw and Distortion of the Face and Neck, Caused by a Burn, Successfully Treated," which is the world's first scientific paper published on an orthognathic surgery. [5] [6]
Hullihen also founded the Wheeling Hospital which established the first hospital-based dental clinic in the United States. [7] During his career he performed around 1,100 orthognathic surgeries including the first mandibular osteotomy surgery to correct a protrusive malposed alveolar segment of the mandible. Due to his achievements, American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons dedicated its 55th annual meeting to Hullihen's memory. [8]
Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition as well as the oral mucosa. Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint. The practitioner is called a dentist.
A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.
Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot be treated easily with braces, as well as the broad range of facial imbalances, disharmonies, asymmetries, and malproportions where correction may be considered to improve facial aesthetics and self-esteem.
The University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine is the dental school of the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt). It is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is one of Pitt's six schools of the health sciences and one of several dental schools in Pennsylvania. It is closely affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The School of Dental Medicine accepted 3.6% of applicants for the class of 2016, a record low for the school's entire history.
Daniel M. Laskin was an American oral and maxillofacial surgeon and educator who contributed to his field for over fifty years. He excelled as an educator, a researcher and a clinician. He served as American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons president, as well as the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and served as the editor of the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery till his death. He was a major contributor to the dental literature with over 900 contributions to the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. He co-authored 16 textbooks and monographs.
Oral and maxillofacial pathology refers to the diseases of the mouth, jaws and related structures such as salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles and perioral skin. The mouth is an important organ with many different functions. It is also prone to a variety of medical and dental disorders.
A jaw abnormality is a disorder in the formation, shape and/or size of the jaw. In general abnormalities arise within the jaw when there is a disturbance or fault in the fusion of the mandibular processes. The mandible in particular has the most differential typical growth anomalies than any other bone in the human skeleton. This is due to variants in the complex symmetrical growth pattern which formulates the mandible.
John Miller Hyson, Jr. was the former curator, director of curatorial services, and director of archives and history at the National Museum of Dentistry, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution located in Baltimore, Maryland. He was also the author of many articles and books on the history of dentistry and was a practicing dentist for nearly 50 years.
Hermann F. Sailer is a German maxillofacial surgeon. He leads the Klinik Professor Sailer in Zürich and is the founder of the Cleft-Children International Foundation.
Truman William Brophy was an American oral surgeon. He's known to be the founder of the Chicago College of Dental Surgery. He also served as the American President of the Fourteenth International Medical Congress in Madrid in 1903. He created innovative techniques to correct cleft lip and cleft palate.
Robert H. Ivy (1881–1974) was an American oral and plastic surgeon who is known to develop the team approach or multidisciplinary treatment involving care of children with Cleft lip and cleft palate. He is one of the early pioneers in the specialty of plastic surgery due to his surgical experience in World War I. During an intermaxillary fixation technique, Ivy Loop is named after Dr. Ivy.
William Harrison Bell was an American Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon and a Professor of Surgery who is known for his contributions to the field of Orthognathic Surgery. Dr. Bell's groundbreaking research provided a biologic basis for the Le Fort I osteotomy and other orthognathic surgical procedures used to reposition the facial skeleton. Active throughout his life, his later work provided a biologic rationale for distraction osteogenesis of the facial skeleton, a technique used to gradually lengthen bone at a rate of 1mm a day. A prolific author, his publications provided a thorough description of the diagnosis and management of dentofacial deformity, surgical technique, and detailed figures that illustrated the operations in sufficient detail that would provide generations of surgeons the necessary information from which to apply a surgical-orthodontic approach to facial deformity. He is credited in the United States with pioneering the transition of the field of Oral Surgery to become Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Richard Trauner was an Austrian oral surgeon. Trauner is known for introducing the procedure of Sagittal Split Osteotomy to the United States in the 1960s with Hugo Obwegeser.
Chalmers J. Lyons was an American oral surgeon who served as the President of the American Association of Oral and Plastic Surgeons.
Georg Axhausen was a German oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
Jean Guy Eugene Raymond Delaire was a French orthodontist known for developing the Delair Facemask or reverse headgear. This facemask is used to treat children who have maxillary retrognathism and mandibular prognathism.
Hugo Obwegeser was an Austrian Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgeon and Plastic Surgeon who is known as the father of the modern orthognathic surgery. In his publication of 1970, he was the first surgeon to describe the simultaneous procedure which involved surgeries of both Maxilla and Mandible involving Le Fort I and Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy technique.
Alveolar cleft grafting is a surgical procedure, used to repair the defect in the upper jaw that is associated with cleft lip and palate, where the bone defect is filled with bone or bone substitute, and any holes between the mouth and the nose are closed.
Shan K. Bagby is a United States Army brigadier general and the 28th Chief of the Army Dental Corps. Bagby also serves as the Commanding General, Regional Health Command-Central. Bagby, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, was the Army’s first African-American dental officer promoted to brigadier general.