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Slavo-Serbia Славеносрбија / Slavenosrbija Слов'яносербія Славяносербия Slavoserbia | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
territory of the Russian Empire | |||||||
May 29, 1753–1764 | |||||||
A map of Slavo-Serbia (in green) superimposed onto the borders of modern-day Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine | |||||||
Capital | Bakhmut | ||||||
Population | |||||||
• 1760 [1] | 26,000 | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Established | 29 May 1753 | ||||||
• Abolished | 1764 | ||||||
| |||||||
Today part of | Ukraine |
Slavo-Serbia or Slaveno-Serbia [lower-alpha 1] was a territory of Imperial Russia from 1753 to 1764. It was located to the south of the Donets River, between the Bakhmutka River and Luhan River. [1] This area today is located within present-day Luhansk Oblast and Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. The administrative centre of Slavo-Serbia was Bakhmut.
It was bounded on the north by Slobozhanshchyna, on the west by the Cossack Hetmanate (a.k.a. the Zaporizhian Host), the Crimean Khanate to the south, and the Don Cossack Host to the southeast. [1]
As far back as 1723, Serb military colonists had been settling to a limited extent in the area that is now modern Ukraine. [2] These Serbs came largely from the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Empire, where they enjoyed autonomy from the state.[ citation needed ] The abolishment of sectors of the frontier, and thus the loss of their autonomy, has been cited as a major reason for emigration to the Russian Empire. [3]
The Serbian polymath and historian Zaharije Orfelin posited that the Orthodox peoples of the Balkans were chosen by Tsar Peter for settlement because, as speakers of a similar language and followers of the same religion, they would be "more reliable" than the Zaporozhian Cossacks, who were considered "insufficient". [2] In October 1723, a group of predominantly Serb soldiers led by officer Jovan Albanez were officially formed into the Serbian Hussar Regiment. [4]
A year before the founding of Slavo-Serbia, a similar but separate colony called New Serbia was created in 1752.[ citation needed ]
By the decree of the Senate of May 29, 1753, the free lands of this area were offered for settlement to Serbs, Romanians, Bulgarians, Greeks and other Balkan peoples of Orthodox Christian denomination to ensure frontier protection and development of this sparsely inhabited part of the steppes. [5] [1] The administrative center of the colony was made Bakhmut. [6] [7] [1] The Sloviano-Serbia Commission that administered the area was based in the town. [1] Slavo-Serbia was directly governed by Russia's College of War. [5]
As a prime goal of the colony was to protect the Russian Empire's southern borders, the Serb and other South Slavic settlers were predominantly of a military background, [5] [1] and the capital town of Bakhmut was fortified. [1] The settlers were divided into two military regiments, led by major generals Rajko Preradović and Jovan Šević (also known as Ivan Šević). [5] [1] The Serb officers like Preradović and Šević and their families went on to become wealthy landowners. [5]
The Serb settlers had hostile relations with the local Ukrainian population, who made up the majority of the population of the region. [1]
The Russian government plans had anticipated that each regiment would contain 2,000 men, but by 1764, the total number of military men was at most 1,264. [1] [8] As a result, the two regiments were merged into the Bakhmut hussar regiment with its headquarters in Bakhmut, [8] and that same year in 1764, Slavo-Serbia was abolished completely, and its territory transferred to the newly created Novorossiya Governorate. [5] [1]
Decades after the liquidation of the colony, the settlement of Pidhirne, [lower-alpha 2] which had been set up in the colony in 1753 was renamed to Slovianoserbsk, a name which it still holds today as a modern town. [9]
The Serbs who settled these areas have since largely assimilated with the local Ukrainians over the centuries, [10] [1] but in Ukraine's modern Luhansk, Donetsk, and Kirovohrad regions which cover the former land of Slavo-Serbia and the similar colony New Serbia, people with Serbian surnames can still be found. [10]
The settlers named many settlements in the colony after places from their homes back in the Balkans. In June 2000, amid celebrations of the 250th anniversary of Serb migration to Russia, there were efforts to make establish relations between the Ukrainian settlements and the settlements they had been named for in the Bačka and Banat regions. [11]
The province had ethnically diverse population that included Serbs, Romanians, and others. In 1755, the population of Slavo-Serbia numbered 1,513 inhabitants (of both genders). In 1756, in the regiment of Jovan Šević, there were 38% Serbs, 23% Romanians, and 22% others. [12] [ verification needed ]
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as Slobozhanshchyna or Slobozhanshchina, is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.
New Serbia or Novoserbia was a military frontier of Imperial Russia from 1752 to 1764 subordinated directly to the Governing Senate and Military Collegium. It was situated in the territory of New Russia. In 1764, the territory became part of the New Russia Governorate.
Bakhmut is a city in eastern Ukraine. It is officially the administrative center of Bakhmut urban hromada and Bakhmut Raion in Donetsk Oblast. The city is located on the Bakhmutka River, about 90 kilometres north of Donetsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Bakhmut was designated a city of regional significance until 2020, when the designation was abolished. In January 2022, it had an estimated population of 71,094.
Slovianoserbsk is a rural settlement in Zymohiria urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, on the Donets river. Its population is 7,659 , 8,065 (2013 est.)
Siversk, formerly known as Yama (Яма) until 1973, is a city in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Its economy has traditionally been based around the mining and processing of dolomite. In January 2022, it had an estimated population of 10,875.
Peter Tekeli was a Russian general-in-chief of Serb origin. He achieved the highest rank among the Serbs who served in the Imperial Russian Army.
Serbia–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Ukraine. Serbia, as a direct successor to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, recognized Ukraine on 15 April 1994. Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were established on 15 April 1994.
Novorossiya Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1764–1783 and again in 1796–1802. It was created and governed according to the "Plan for the Colonization of New Russia Governorate" issued by the Russian Senate. It became the first region in Russia where Catherine the Great allowed foreign Jews to settle.
Pavle Julinac (1730–1785) was a Serbian writer, philosopher, historian, traveler, soldier, and diplomat in the Imperial Russian service. As a historiographer, Julinac's "A Short Introduction to the History of the Slavo-Serbian People" published in Venice in 1765 was the most significant historical oeuvre of the period. Ten years later, Julinac's translation of Marmontel's "Bélisaire" became one of the most prominent works of the Enlightenment in Serbian literature, thanks to dramatists Marko Jelisejić (1760-1833), Joakim Vujić and others. The work of Marmontel soon popularized the philosophical ideas of the Enlightenment in Austria among the large Slavo-Serbian population there and in Russia.
Jovan Šević or Ivan Šević was an 18th-century military officer of Serb origin. He reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Serb militia forces in the Pomorišje region, then in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg monarchy. When it became obvious that privileges granted to Serb militiamen would be reduced or completely revoked after Pomorišje and Potisje lost their frontier status, Šević left Habsburg military service in 1750 and moved to Russia. At the end of 1752, he led the second wave of colonists who migrated from Pomorišje, Potisje and Slavonia to the Russian Empire where they settled the newly established administrative region of Slavo-Serbia at the beginning of 1753. To enable him to recruit more of his fellow officers, Šević was promoted to the rank of General by the Russian Empress, Elizabeth. He commanded a Serb Hussar Regiment consisting of the colonists he brought to Russia. After Šević's death, Slavo-Serbia was disestablished, and many of his descendants became notable military officers in the Russian Imperial Army. Over time, all the Serb colonists became assimilated. Miloš Crnjanski described the migration led by Šević in his most notable work, the novel Migrations.
The Serbian Hussar Regiment was a military unit of the Russian Imperial Army which predominantly consisted of Serbian colonists to Russia. This cavalry unit was in service from 1723 to 1783.
There is a community of Serbs in Russia, also known as Russian Serbs, which includes Russian citizens of ethnic Serb descent or Serbian-born people residing in the country.
Novorossiya is a historical name, used during the era of the Russian Empire for an administrative area that would later become the southern mainland of Ukraine: the region immediately north of the Black Sea and Crimea. The province fell largely within a slightly wider area known in Ukrainian as the Stepovyna and in Russian as the Stepp "Steppe Land", or Nyz "Lower Land". The name Novorossiya, which means New Russia, entered official usage in 1764, after the Russian Empire conquered the Crimean Khanate, and annexed its territories, when Novorossiya Governorate was founded. Official usage of the name ceased after 1917, when the entire area was annexed by the Ukrainian People's Republic, precursor of the Ukrainian SSR.
Preradović is a Serbian surname, derived from Prerad. The surname is traditionally widespread in territories of the historical Military Frontier. At least 100 individuals with the surname died at the Jasenovac concentration camp. It may refer to:
Simeon Piščević was a Serbian memoirist and imperial Russian general.
The battle for Donbas was a military campaign of the Russian Civil War that lasted from January to May 1919, in which White forces repulsed attacks of the Red Army on the Don Host Oblast and occupied the Donbas region after heavy fighting.
Jovan Samuilović Horvat de Kurtič, also referred to as Ivan Horvat, was a Russian general of Serbian origin who founded New Serbia in the modern Kirovohrad Oblast.
Rajko Depreradović was a leader of colonists who settled free lands in what is now known as Donbas that were offered for settlement in 1752 to Serbs, Vlachs and other Balkan people of the Christian Orthodox faith to ensure frontier protection and development of the steppes. The settlement was then called Slavo-Serbia. Slavo-Serbia was directly governed by Russia's Governing Senate and College of War. The settlers eventually formed the Bakhmut hussar regiment in 1764. Also in 1764, Slavo-Serbia was transformed into the Donets uyezd of Yekaterinoslav Governorate. Commandants of Slavo-Serbia were Colonels Rajko Preradović and Jovan Šević. These Serbian colonels led their soldiers in various Russian military campaigns; in peacetime, they kept the borderlands, along with the Cossacks, free from incursions by other states.
Serebrianka or Sriblianka is a village in Bakhmut Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 129 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city, on the right bank of the Siverskyi Donets river, that separates the village from Luhansk Oblast. The village was founded in 1753 by Serb settlers of the Slavo-Serbia colony.
Bakhmut Province was an administrative division of the Russian Empire. Its administrative center was Bakhmut. It was created in 1719 and abolished in 1783.
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