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Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including stormwater. Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another is spreading water-borne diseases when people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation. Water pollution also reduces the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the water resource.
The Santa Clara River is an 83 mi (134 km) long river in Ventura and Los Angeles counties in Southern California. It drains parts of four ranges in the Transverse Ranges System north and northwest of Los Angeles, then flows west onto the Oxnard Plain and into the Santa Barbara Channel of the Pacific Ocean.
The Southern California Bight is a 692-kilometer-long stretch of curved coastline that runs along the west coast of the United States and Mexico, from Point Conception in California to Punta Colonet in Baja California, plus the area of the Pacific Ocean defined by that curve. This includes the Channel Islands of California and the Coronado Islands and Islas de Todo Santos of Baja California.
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is a regional wholesaler and the largest supplier of treated water in the United States. The name is usually shortened to "Met," "Metropolitan," or "MWD." It is a cooperative of fourteen cities, eleven municipal water districts, and one county water authority, that provides water to 19 million people in a 5,200-square-mile (13,000 km2) service area. It was created by an act of the California State Legislature in 1928, primarily to build and operate the Colorado River Aqueduct. Metropolitan became the first contractor to the State Water Project in 1960.
The California State Coastal Conservancy is a non-regulatory state agency in California established in 1976 to enhance coastal resources and public access to the coast. The CSCC is a department of the California Natural Resources Agency. The agency's work is conducted along the entirety of the California coast, including the interior San Francisco Bay and is responsible for the planning and coordination of federal land sales to acquire into state land as well as award grant funding for improvement projects. The Board of Directors for the agency is made up of seven members who are appointed by the Governor of California and approved by the California Legislature, members of the California State Assembly and California State Senate engage and provide oversight within their legislative capacity.
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The California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) is one of six branches of the California Environmental Protection Agency.
The Coastal and Marine Institute Laboratory (CMIL), formerly known as the Coastal Waters Laboratory, is an academic laboratory operated by the College of Sciences of San Diego State University (SDSU), in the Point Loma community of San Diego, California.
Water resource policy, sometimes called water resource management or water management, encompasses the policy-making processes and legislation that affect the collection, preparation, use, disposal, and protection of water resources. The long-term viability of water supply systems poses a significant challenge as a result of water resource depletion, climate change, and population expansion.
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The Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (GAMA) is an all-inclusive monitoring program for groundwater that was implemented in 2000 in California, United States. It was created by the California State Water Resources Control Board as an improvement from groundwater programs that were already in place.
The Huntington Beach Desalination Plant is a 50-million-US-gallon per day (190 Ml) facility proposed by Poseidon Resources Corporation in Huntington Beach, California. The desalination plant was scheduled to be operational by 2023 at a site adjacent to the AES Huntington Beach Power Station. The plant will provide additional water for Orange County and reduce the county’s reliance on imported supplies.
During the 20th century, a large amount of chemical waste was dumped into the Pacific Ocean within the Southern California Bight off the West Coast of the United States. Dumped materials include DDT, WW II munitions, radioactive waste, PCBs, petroleum products, and sulfuric acid.
The San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) is a nonprofit research institute focusing on the estuaries and ecosystems of San Francisco Bay and Northern California. SFEI was created in 1992 in order to coordinate integrated research and monitoring of the Bay. SFEI administers the Aquatic Science Center, a joint powers authority (JPA), which is an agency formed when multiple government agencies have a common mission that can be better achieved by pooling resources and knowledge. SFEI's precursor was the Aquatic Habitat Institute, created in 1986.
References
- ↑ US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1987). Wastes in Marine Environments. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-89116-793-5
- ↑ Sharpsteen, Bill (2010). Dirty Water: One Man's Fight to Clean Up One of the World's Most Polluted Bays. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25660-6
- ↑ Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution, National Research Council (2009). Urban Stormwater Management in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. 512. ISBN 978-0-309-12539-0
- ↑ Committee on a Systems Assessment of Marine Environmental Monitoring, National Research Council (1990). Managing Troubled Waters: The Role of Marine Environmental Monitoring. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. p. 22. ISBN 0-309-04194-5
- ↑ Panel on Southern California Bight of the Committee on a Systems Assessment of Marine Environmental Monitoring (1990). Monitoring Southern California's Coastal Waters. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. p. 90-91. ISBN 0-309-04327-1
- ↑ Soule, Dorothy F. and Don Walsh (1983). Waste disposal in the oceans: minimizing impact, maximizing benefits. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 0-86531-966-9
- ↑ Sercu, Bram (July 27, 2012). "Eye on the Environment: Clean beach measuring to improve". Ventura County Star .
- ↑ Mearns, Alan J; Allen, M James; Moore, Michael D (2001), S.B. Weisberg; D. Elmore (eds.), The Southern California Coastal Water Research Project - 30 years of environmental research in the Southern California Bight (PDF), Southern California Coastal Water Research Project 1999-2000 Annual Report, Westminster, CA.: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, pp. 2–26, retrieved May 5, 2014
- ↑ Wick, Gerald (July 1973). “California’s Outfalls.” New Scientist 59(854): 94-95.
- ↑ Kennish, Michael J (1998). Pollution Impacts on Marine Biotic Communities. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 151-152. ISBN 0-8493-8428-1
