Soviet Union at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

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Soviet Union at the
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg
ISO URS
Medals
Gold
111
Silver
86
Bronze
59
Total
256
Appearances
14
1954, 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991
CIS at the
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Flag of the CIS.svg
ISO CIS
Medals
Gold
5
Silver
3
Bronze
5
Total
13
Appearances
1
1992

The Soviet Union didn't compete at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships until 1954. [1] Despite it being their first appearance, they dominated the competition, winning gold in both team events and 20 total medals. [2] [3] The Soviet Union competed for the last time at the 1991 World Championships as the Soviet Union; the following year they competed as the Commonwealth of Independent States, and in 1993 athletes from former Soviet member states officially began competing under their own flags. [4]

Contents

Medalists

MedalNameYearEvent
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Albert Azaryan, Viktor Chukarin, Sergei Dzhayani, Yevgeny Korolkov, Valentin Muratov, Hrant Shahinyan, Boris Shakhlin, Ivan Vostrikov Flag of Italy.svg 1954 Rome Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nina Bocharova, Pelageya Danilova, Maria Gorokhovskaya, Larisa Diriy, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova, Galina Rud'ko, Galina Sarabidze Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Viktor Chukarin Men's all-around
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Muratov
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Hrant Shahinyan
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Galina Rud'ko Women's all-around
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Muratov Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Tamara Manina Women's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Hrant Shahinyan Men's pommel horse
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Viktor Chukarin
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Galina Rud'ko Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Albert Azaryan Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yevgeny Korolkov
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Valentin Muratov
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Sergei Dzhayani Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Viktor Chukarin Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Tamara Manina Women's floor exercise
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Maria Gorokhovskaya
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Muratov Men's horizontal bar
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Boris Shakhlin
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Albert Azaryan, Valentin Lipatov, Valentin Muratov, Boris Shakhlin, Pavel Stolbov, Yuri Titov Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1958 Moscow Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Polina Astakhova, Raisa Borisova, Lidiya Kalinina, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Boris Shakhlin Men's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yuri Titov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Tamara Manina
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yuri Titov Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Sofia Muratova
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Lidiya Kalinina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Tamara Manina
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Boris Shakhlin Men's pommel horse
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Pavel Stolbov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's uneven bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Polina Astakhova
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Albert Azaryan Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yuri Titov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Titov Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Sofia Muratova
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Boris Shakhlin Men's parallel bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Pavel Stolbov
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Larisa Latynina Women's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Boris Shakhlin Men's horizontal bar
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Albert Azaryan
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yuri Titov
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Valery Kerdemelidi, Viktor Leontyev, Viktor Lisitsky, Boris Shakhlin, Pavel Stolbov, Yuri Titov Flag of the Czech Republic.svg 1962 Prague Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Polina Astakhova, Lidiya Ivanova, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova, Irina Pervuschina Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Titov Men's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Boris Shakhlin
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Irina Pervuschina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Larisa Latynina Women's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Tamara Manina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Boris Shakhlin Men's pommel horse
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Irina Pervuschina Women's uneven bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Larisa Latynina
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Titov Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Boris Shakhlin
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Boris Shakhlin Men's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Larisa Latynina Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Boris Shakhlin Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Larisa Latynina Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Irina Pervuschina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Pavel Stolbov Men's horizontal bar
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Mikhail Voronin, Sergei Diomidov, Valery Kerdemelidi, Yuri Titov, Valery Karasev, Boris Shakhlin Flag of Germany.svg 1966 Dortmund Men's team
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Natalia Kuchinskaya, Larisa Petrik, Zinaida Druzhinina, Larisa Latynina, Polina Astakhova, Olga Kharlova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Mikhail Voronin Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Natalia Kuchinskaya Women's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Natalia Kuchinskaya Women's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Mikhail Voronin Men's pommel horse
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Kuchinskaya Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Mikhail Voronin Men's rings
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Kuchinskaya Women's balance beam
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Larisa Petrik
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Sergei Diomidov Men's parallel bars
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Mikhail Voronin
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Kuchinskaya Women's floor exercise
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Zinaida Druzhinina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Mikhail Voronin, Viktor Klimenko, Sergei Diomidov, Viktor Lisitsky, German Bogdanov, Valery Karasyov Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg 1970 Ljubljana Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Lyubov Burda, Olga Karaseva, Tamara Lazakovich, Larisa Petrik, Ludmilla Tourischeva, Zinaida Voronina Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Zinaida Voronina
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Lyubov Burda Women's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Ludmilla Tourischeva
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Viktor Klimenko Men's pommel horse
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's uneven bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Zinaida Voronina
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Mikhail Voronin Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Viktor Klimenko Men's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Larisa Petrik Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Mikhail Voronin Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Karaseva
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Zinaida Voronina
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov, Edvard Mikaelian, Vladimir Marchenko, Paata Shamugiya, Vladimir Safronov, Viktor Klimenko Flag of Bulgaria.svg 1974 Varna Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva, Olga Korbut, Elvira Saadi, Rusudan Sikharulidze, Nina Dronova, Nellie Kim Women's team
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's all-around
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Korbut
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Olga Korbut Women's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Ludmilla Tourischeva
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's pommel horse
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Korbut Women's uneven bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Ludmilla Tourischeva
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nikolai Andrianov Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Korbut
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Nellie Kim
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's parallel bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Vladimir Marchenko
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Ludmilla Tourischeva Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Korbut
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Elvira Saadi
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Rusudan Siharulidze
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov, Eduard Azarian, Alexander Dityatin, Gennady Krysin, Vladimir Markelov, Aleksandr Tkachyov Flag of France.svg 1978 Strasbourg Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Maria Filatova, Natalia Shaposhnikova, Elena Mukhina, Nellie Kim, Svetlana Agapova, Tatiana Arzhannikova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nikolai Andrianov Men's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Alexander Dityatin
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Elena Mukhina Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nellie Kim
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Natalia Shaposhnikova
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Alexander Dityatin Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nellie Kim Women's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Elena Mukhina Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nikolai Andrianov Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Alexander Dityatin
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Elena Mukhina Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nellie Kim Women's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Elena Mukhina
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Gennady Krysin Men's horizontal bar
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin, Aleksandr Tkachyov, Vladimir Markelov, Nikolai Andrianov, Bogdan Makuts, Artur Akopyan Flag of the United States.svg 1979 Fort Worth Men's team
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Maria Filatova, Nellie Kim, Elena Naimushina, Natalia Shaposhnikova, Natalia Tereschenko, Stella Zakharova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin Men's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Aleksandr Tkachyov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Nellie Kim Women's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Aleksandr Tkachyov Men's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Stella Zakharova Women's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Nellie Kim
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Aleksandr Tkachyov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin Men's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nikolai Andrianov
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nellie Kim Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Aleksandr Tkachyov Men's parallel bars
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Nellie Kim Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Aleksandr Tkachyov Men's horizontal bar
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Alexander Dityatin
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev, Bogdan Makuts, Alexander Dityatin, Aleksandr Tkachyov, Artur Akopyan, Pavel Sut Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1981 Moscow Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Elena Davydova, Olga Bicherova, Maria Filatova, Stella Zakharova, Elena Polevaya, Natalia Ilienko Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Bogdan Makuts
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Olga Bicherova Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Maria Filatova
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Elena Davydova
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev Men's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Stella Zakharova Women's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yuri Korolev Men's pommel horse
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Elena Davydova Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Bogdan Makuts
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Artur Akopyan Men's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Bogdan Makuts
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexander Dityatin Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Ilienko Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Elena Davydova
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Aleksandr Tkachyov Men's horizontal bar
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Artur Akopyan
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Dmitry Bilozerchev, Artur Akopyan, Alexander Pogorelov, Vladimir Artemov, Yury Korolev, Bogdan Makuts Flag of Hungary.svg 1983 Budapest Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Olga Bicherova, Tatiana Frolova, Olga Mostepanova, Natalia Ilienko, Albina Shishova, Natalia Yurchenko Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's all-around
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Artur Akopyan
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Yurchenko Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Mostepanova
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's pommel horse
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's rings
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Artur Akopyan Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Olga Mostepanova Women's balance beam
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vladimir Artemov Men's parallel bars
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olga Mostepanova Women's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's horizontal bar
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Alexander Pogorelov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vladimir Artemov, Yuri Korolev, Valentin Mogilny, Yury Balabanov, Aleksei Tikhonkikh, Aleksandr Tumilovich Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 1985 Montreal Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Irina Baraksanova, Vera Kolesnikova, Olga Mostepanova, Oksana Omelianchik, Yelena Shushunova, Natalia Yurchenko Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vladimir Artemov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Oksana Omelianchik Women's all-around
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yelena Shushunova
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yuri Korolev Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yelena Shushunova Women's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Mogilny Men's pommel horse
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yury Balobanov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolev Men's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yelena Shushunova Women's balance beam
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Mogilny Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Oksana Omelianchik Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yelena Shushunova
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev, Valeri Liukin, Vladimir Artemov, Yuri Korolyov, Vladimir Novikov, Aleksei Tikhonkikh Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1987 Rotterdam Men's team
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yelena Shushunova, Svetlana Baitova, Oksana Omelianchik, Elena Gurova, Svetlana Boginskaya, Tatiana Tuzhikova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yuri Korolyov
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Vladimir Artemov
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yelena Shushunova Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vladimir Artemov Men's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yelena Shushunova Women's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's pommel horse
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Yelena Shushunova Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yuri Korolyov Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Dmitry Bilozerchev
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Yelena Shushunova Women's balance beam
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Svetlana Boginskaya
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vladimir Artemov Men's parallel bars
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Dmitry Bilozerchev
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Yelena Shushunova Women's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Dmitry Bilozerchev Men's horizontal bar
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Igor Korobchinsky, Vladimir Artemov, Valentin Mogilny, Vitaly Marinich, Valery Belenky, Vladimir Novikov Flag of Germany.svg 1989 Stuttgart Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Natalia Laschenova, Olga Strazheva, Svetlana Boginskaya, Olesya Dudnik, Elena Sazonenkova, Svetlana Baitova Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Igor Korobchinsky Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Valentin Mogilny
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Svetlana Boginskaya Women's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Natalia Laschenova
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Olga Strazheva
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Igor Korobchinsky Men's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vladimir Artemov
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Olesya Dudnik Women's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valentin Mogilny Men's pommel horse
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Olga Strazheva Women's uneven bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Vitaly Marinich Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Vladimir Artemov Men's vault
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Olesya Dudnik Women's balance beam
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vladimir Artemov Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Svetlana Boginskaya Women's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vladimir Artemov Men's horizontal bar
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vitaly Scherbo, Grigory Misutin, Valeri Liukin, Igor Korobchinsky, Valery Belenky, Alexei Voropaev Flag of the United States.svg 1991 Indianapolis Men's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Svetlana Boginskaya, Tatiana Gutsu, Tatiana Lysenko, Oksana Chusovitina, Rozalia Galiyeva, Natalia Kalinina Women's team
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Grigory Misutin Men's all-around
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vitaly Scherbo
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Valeri Liukin
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Svetlana Boginskaya Women's all-around
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Igor Korobchinsky Men's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vitaly Scherbo
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Oksana Chusovitina Women's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Valery Belenky Men's pommel horse
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Tatiana Gutsu Women's uneven bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Grigory Misutin Men's rings
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vitaly Scherbo Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Svetlana Boginskaya Women's balance beam
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Tatiana Gutsu
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Igor Korobchinsky Men's parallel bars
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Oksana Chusovitina Women's floor exercise
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Vitaly Scherbo Men's horizontal bar
Competing as the Commonwealth of Independent States
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Igor Korobchinsky Flag of France.svg 1992 Paris Men's floor exercise
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Vitaly Scherbo
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Svetlana Boginskaya Women's vault
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Oksana Chusovitina
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vitaly Scherbo Men's pommel horse
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Vitaly Scherbo Men's rings
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Grigory Misutin
Silver medal icon.svg Silver Igor Korobchinsky Men's vault
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Alexei Voropaev Men's parallel bars
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Valery Belenky
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Tatiana Lysenko Women's floor exercise
Gold medal icon.svg Gold Grigory Misutin Men's horizontal bar
Bronze medal icon.svg Bronze Igor Korobchinsky

Medal tables

By gender

GenderGoldSilverBronzeTotal
Men664834148
Women504130121

By event

EventGoldSilverBronzeTotal
Men's individual all-around136827
Men's rings 134825
Women's floor exercise 128626
Women's individual all-around128626
Women's team113014
Men's parallel bars 98320
Men's team86014
Men's pommel horse 84315
Women's vault 79622
Men's horizontal bar 67518
Women's balance beam 58518
Men's floor exercise 56314
Men's vault 47415
Women's uneven bars 35715

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Natalia Georgiyevna Kalinina, is a former artistic gymnast that competed for the Soviet Union and Ukraine. She was a member of the last Soviet world championship team to win a gold medal in 1991. She was the 1990 European champion on the uneven bars. At the 1990 Goodwill Games, she won a medal on every event with 4 golds and 2 silvers, including the all-around gold medal. She was not selected to compete for the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She believes that politics would only allow three gymnasts to come from one republic, and there were already three gymnasts from Ukraine selected.

References

  1. "Soviet dominance set for a tumble? Divided loyalties no coup for gymnasts". The Baltimore Sun . September 14, 1991.
  2. "Viktor Chukarin IGHoF profile". International Gymnastics Hall of Fame .
  3. "Maria Gorokhovskaya". Jewish Women's Archive .
  4. "Burden Is on Miller : After Her Five Medals at Barcelona Olympics, World Championships Will Provide a Crucial Test". Los Angeles Times . April 11, 1993.