Club information | |
---|---|
Coordinates | 56°21′06″N2°49′05″W / 56.35167°N 2.81806°W |
Location | St Andrews, Fife, Scotland |
Established | Over 6 centuries |
Type | Public |
Operated by | St Andrews Links Trust |
Events hosted | The Open Championship Alfred Dunhill Links Championship St Andrews Links Trophy |
Old Course | |
Par | 72 |
Length | 6,721 yards (6,146 m) |
Course record | 61; Ross Fisher (2017) [1] |
The Castle Course | |
Par | 71 |
Length | 6,759 yards (6,180 m) |
New Course | |
Par | 71 |
Length | 6,625 yards (6,058 m) |
Jubilee Course | |
Par | 72 |
Length | 6,742 yards (6,165 m) |
Eden Course | |
Par | 70 |
Length | 6,250 yards (5,720 m) |
Strathtyrum Course | |
Par | 69 |
Length | 5,620 yards (5,140 m) |
Balgove Course | |
Par | 30 |
Length | 1,520 yards (1,390 m) |
St Andrews Links in the town of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, is regarded as the "Home of Golf". It has one of the oldest courses in the world, where the game has been played since the 15th century. Today there are seven public golf courses: the Balgove, Eden, Jubilee, Strathtyrum, New, and the Old Course all on the links, and The Castle Course, a mile to the east of the town. The famous Old Course is widely considered one of the finest courses in the world. The courses of St Andrews Links are owned by the local authorities and operated by St Andrews Links Trust, a charitable organization.
In general, St Andrews is a popular hub for golf tourism, as there is a high density of links and heathland courses in the area. In addition to the public courses there are two courses at the privately owned Fairmont Hotel (Torrance and Kittocks) to the south of the town; and the Duke's and Drumoig, both inland parkland courses to the west. A few miles further South are the modern links of Kingsbarns and the traditional Balcomie links at Crail. Also nearby are the courses at Elie, Lundin, Leven, Scotscraig and Anstruther. Within 45 minutes drive are Monifieth, Carnoustie and Panmure.
St Andrews is also home to The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, one of the most prestigious golf clubs and, until 2004, one of the two rule-making authorities of golf.
The history of St Andrews Links goes back to 1552 when John Hamilton was granted a charter to establish a rabbit warren to the north of the links. [2] The St Andrews Links Charter refers to the public ownership of the links and the right of the people of St Andrews to play golf and other games. [3] The right to play golf on the links were subsequently confirmed in local and royal charters. [3]
St. Andrews Links Act 1894 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to empower the Commissioners of the city and royal burgh of St. Andrews to acquire the Links of St. Andrews for a public park and recreation ground and for other purposes. |
Citation | 57 & 58 Vict. c. lxxxiv |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 20 July 1894 |
Other legislation | |
Repealed by | St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 |
Status: Repealed |
St. Andrews Burgh Extension and Links Order Confirmation Act 1913 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1899 relating to St. Andrews Burgh Extension and Links. |
Citation | 3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. xxviii |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 4 July 1913 |
Other legislation | |
Amended by |
|
Status: Amended |
St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1924 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1899 relating to St. Andrews Links. |
Citation | 14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. xii |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 29 May 1924 |
Other legislation | |
Repealed by | St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 |
Status: Repealed | |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1932 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1899 relating to St. Andrews Links and adjoining lands. |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 16 June 1932 |
Other legislation | |
Amended by | St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 |
Status: Amended | |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1946 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936 relating to St. Andrews Links. |
Citation | 10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. i |
Other legislation | |
Repealed by | St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 |
Status: Repealed | |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 | |
---|---|
Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Private Legislation Procedure (Scotland) Act 1936, relating to St. Andrews Links. |
Citation | 1974 c. iii |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 10 April 1974 |
Other legislation | |
Repeals/revokes |
|
Status: Current legislation | |
Text of statute as originally enacted |
The land was acquired by James Cheape, owner of the adjacent Strathtyrum estate, in 1821 and sold by his brother's grandson, also named James Cheape, to the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in 1893. [4] [5] [6] Control of St Andrews Links was regulated by the St. Andrews Links Act 1894 and St. Andrews Links Order Confirmation Act 1974 which resulted in the creation of the St Andrews Links Trust. [7]
The Balgove Course, named after the farm on which it was built, [8] is a 1,520 yard, par 30, nine-hole course. It was originally opened in 1972 and remodeled in 1993. [9]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 30 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 30 | 60 | |
White | M: 57.0 / 79 W: 57.6 / 80 | 220 | 219 | 104 | 194 | 161 | 298 | 103 | 116 | 105 | 1520 | 220 | 219 | 104 | 194 | 161 | 298 | 103 | 116 | 105 | 1520 | 3040 |
The Castle Course opened in June 2008, becoming the seventh public course at St Andrews. It is set on a rugged-cliff top a mile to the east of St Andrews with extensive views over the town, and was designed by the architect David McLay Kidd. [11] The course is a par 71 and measures 6,759 yards from the back tees. [12]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 36 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 35 | 71 | |
Black | M: 73.6 / 139 | 346 | 404 | 202 | 540 | 536 | 421 | 456 | 141 | 381 | 3427 | 167 | 402 | 454 | 179 | 400 | 585 | 406 | 184 | 555 | 3332 | 6759 |
Blue | M: 71.7 / 137 | 337 | 394 | 179 | 518 | 504 | 399 | 429 | 129 | 351 | 3240 | 154 | 385 | 415 | 154 | 376 | 555 | 390 | 174 | 533 | 3136 | 6376 |
Green | M: 67.3 / 126 W: 73.0 / 131 | 300 | 344 | 145 | 476 | 446 | 355 | 341 | 122 | 314 | 2843 | 130 | 289 | 340 | 119 | 312 | 509 | 346 | 142 | 430 | 2617 | 5460 |
The Eden Course opened in 1914 after demand on the existing courses grew. It was designed by Harry Colt, and alterations in 1989 by Donald Steel maintain Colt's standards. [14] It was named after the Eden estuary by which it resides, as the profits from mussels collected there once made up an important part of the St Andrews economy. [8]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | Men/Women | 4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 35/37 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4/5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 35/36 | 70/73 |
Black | M: 70.6 / 125 W: 76.0 / 129 | 326 | 449 | 417 | 273 | 144 | 407 | 346 | 178 | 505 | 3045 | 196 | 375 | 341 | 422 | 350 | 170 | 568 | 432 | 351 | 3205 | 6250 |
Blue | M: 68.9 / 121 W: 73.9 / 125 | 301 | 438 | 402 | 251 | 125 | 376 | 307 | 155 | 484 | 2839 | 187 | 364 | 326 | 404 | 334 | 151 | 523 | 407 | 334 | 3030 | 5869 |
Green | M: 67.9 / 119 W: 72.1 / 122 | 270 | 438 | 402 | 240 | 119 | 371 | 291 | 139 | 466 | 2736 | 148 | 327 | 283 | 404 | 316 | 108 | 433 | 378 | 317 | 2714 | 5450 |
The Jubilee Course is the third championship golf course at the Home of Golf. It was named after Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebration in 1897. [16]
Originally intended for Victorian dressed ladies, and other golf beginners, it has evolved into one of the hardest courses at St Andrews Links. The course is commonly used to test junior and amateur golfers for the British Mid-Amateur Golf Championship, as well as the St Andrews Links Trophy. [17]
Initially a 12-hole course, [18] it was expanded to 18 holes in 1905. The course has seen considerable developments under the management of Willie Auchterlonie, Donald Steel, David Wilson and Graeme Taylor. It now plays at around 6,745 yards, and is host to the St Andrews Links Trophy. The Jubilee is one of several courses in Scotland that are under threat from erosion. [19]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | Men/Women | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 36 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 3 | 4 | 36/38 | 72/74 |
Black | M: 72.6 / 131 | 367 | 360 | 546 | 371 | 162 | 498 | 373 | 369 | 192 | 3238 | 411 | 497 | 538 | 188 | 438 | 356 | 428 | 211 | 437 | 3504 | 6742 |
Blue | M: 71.2 / 127 | 337 | 352 | 524 | 349 | 141 | 480 | 341 | 344 | 182 | 3050 | 403 | 488 | 516 | 176 | 423 | 346 | 418 | 199 | 405 | 3374 | 6424 |
Green | M: 69.2 / 123 W: 74.6 / 128 | 318 | 271 | 506 | 332 | 132 | 422 | 329 | 326 | 139 | 2775 | 387 | 470 | 479 | 147 | 415 | 341 | 409 | 180 | 372 | 3200 | 5975 |
The Strathtyrum Course, opened in July 1993, became the first new 18 hole layout at St Andrews in nearly 80 years. [21] It was built on land that was previously part of the Strathtyrum estate and sold to the St Andrews Links Trust by Mrs Gladys Cheape in 1986. [4] [22]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | Men/Women | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5/4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 34/33 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 35 | 69/68 |
Black | M: 66.2 / 107 W: 71.7 / 116 | 332 | 350 | 154 | 298 | 497 | 125 | 331 | 183 | 366 | 2636 | 338 | 512 | 389 | 168 | 350 | 300 | 137 | 376 | 414 | 2984 | 5620 |
Blue | M: 63.4 / 101 W: 68.2 / 108 | 327 | 319 | 149 | 256 | 451 | 120 | 290 | 160 | 340 | 2412 | 292 | 442 | 312 | 143 | 312 | 265 | 120 | 321 | 385 | 2592 | 5004 |
Green | M: 62.0 / 99 W: 66.8 / 105 | 315 | 312 | 140 | 248 | 384 | 110 | 284 | 154 | 334 | 2281 | 288 | 401 | 308 | 133 | 264 | 257 | 114 | 314 | 345 | 2424 | 4705 |
The Old Course, believed to be the oldest golf course in the world, dates back more than 600 years. [24]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | Men/Women | 4 | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 36/38 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4/5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4/5 | 4 | 36/38 | 72/76 |
SI | Men/Women | 10/12 | 6/14 | 16/8 | 8/6 | 2 | 12/10 | 4 | 14/18 | 18/16 | 15/13 | 7/17 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 9/5 | 13/9 | 5/7 | 17/15 | |||
Black | M: 73.1 / 132 | 376 | 411 | 370 | 419 | 514 | 374 | 359 | 166 | 347 | 3336 | 340 | 174 | 316 | 418 | 530 | 414 | 381 | 455 | 357 | 3385 | 6721 |
Blue | M: 71.4 / 129 | 355 | 395 | 337 | 411 | 514 | 360 | 349 | 154 | 289 | 3164 | 311 | 164 | 304 | 388 | 523 | 391 | 345 | 436 | 361 | 3223 | 6387 |
Green | M: 69.9 / 125 W: 75.5 / 138 | 339 | 375 | 321 | 401 | 454 | 325 | 335 | 145 | 261 | 2956 | 296 | 150 | 304 | 377 | 487 | 369 | 325 | 426 | 342 | 3076 | 6032 |
The New Course, located adjacent to the Old Course, was paid for and commissioned by the Royal and Ancient Golf Club who asked Old Tom Morris to be designer. The New Course opened for play in 1895. [26]
Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Par | Men/Women | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4/5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 36/37 | 4/5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4/5 | 3 | 4/5 | 35/38 | 71/75 |
Black | M: 72.8 / 127 | 336 | 367 | 511 | 369 | 180 | 445 | 356 | 481 | 225 | 3270 | 464 | 368 | 518 | 157 | 386 | 394 | 431 | 229 | 408 | 3355 | 6625 |
Blue | M: 71.6 / 125 | 299 | 367 | 511 | 351 | 167 | 433 | 336 | 472 | 225 | 3161 | 457 | 331 | 493 | 147 | 370 | 379 | 416 | 211 | 397 | 3201 | 6362 |
Green | M: 69.9 / 121 W: 75.4 / 128 | 282 | 356 | 500 | 351 | 158 | 401 | 320 | 464 | 204 | 3036 | 427 | 308 | 447 | 133 | 363 | 312 | 388 | 192 | 386 | 2956 | 5992 |
The following is a partial timeline of the history of golf:
St Andrews is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, 10 miles southeast of Dundee and 30 miles northeast of Edinburgh. St Andrews had a recorded population of 16,800 as of 2011, making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and 45th most populous settlement in Scotland.
The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world. It is a private members-only club based in St Andrews in Scotland. It was previously known colloquially as "The R&A", but in 2004, a new organisation known as The R&A was spun off, assuming the club's functions as one of the governing authorities of the game and organiser of tournaments such as The Open Championship. Despite this legal separation, one of the club's objectives remains to contribute, through its members, to the governance, championship organisation, and golf development roles now carried out by The R&A.
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
Thomas Mitchell Morris, otherwise known as Old Tom Morris, and The Grand Old Man of Golf, was a Scottish golfer. He was born in St Andrews, Fife, the "home of golf" and location of the St Andrews Links, and died there as well. Young Tom Morris, also a golfer, was his son.
The origins of golf are unclear and much debated. However, it is generally accepted that modern golf developed in Scotland from the Middle Ages onwards. The game did not find international popularity until the late 19th century, when it spread into the rest of the United Kingdom and then to the British Empire and the United States.
William Fernie was a Scottish professional golfer and golf course architect from St Andrews. He won the 1883 Open Championship at Musselburgh Links. The tournament was scheduled to last four rounds of the nine-hole course on a Friday in November. Fernie tied with defending champion Bob Ferguson, with both men shooting 158. The following day Fernie won a playoff by a single stroke.
Charles Blair Macdonald was a major figure in early American golf. He built the first 18-hole course in the United States, was a driving force in the founding of the United States Golf Association, won the first U.S. Amateur championship, and later built some of the most influential golf courses in the United States, to the extent that he is considered the father of American golf course architecture. He is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
National Golf Links of America is a prestigious links-style golf course in Southampton, New York, located on Long Island between Shinnecock Hills Golf Club and Peconic Bay. Though the course is noted for hosting the initial Walker Cup in 1922, which the United States won 8 and 4, it has never hosted a major men's championship. The Walker Cup was again held at the National in 2013. The private club has been called "America's snootiest golf course" due to its exclusive nature.
Golf in Scotland was first recorded in the Scottish late Middle Ages, and the modern game of golf was first developed and established in the country. The game plays a key role in the national sporting consciousness.
Donald Maclennan Arklay Steel is a former golfer and is a noted golf course designer, as well as being a writer and journalist. Educated at Fettes College and Christ's College, Cambridge, he has designed a large number of golf courses or modifications to existing courses, mostly in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Several late 20th century and early 21st century golf course architects worked under Steel in their early careers, among them Martin Ebert, Jonathan Gaunt, Tom Mackenzie.
The St Andrews Links Trophy is an international amateur golf tournament contested on the St Andrews Links in Scotland. It has been played annually since 1989.
St Andrews Golf Club, originally known as St Andrews Mechanics Golf Club, is a private members' golf club located in St Andrews, Scotland. The club is one of the oldest golf clubs in the world, having been established in 1843.
Strathtyrum is a 400-acre (160 ha) country estate in the north-western outskirts of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is accessed via the A91.
The New Golf Club is an exclusive golf club in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is one of the three senior men's clubs in St Andrews, along with The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and the St Andrews Golf Club. The club was founded in 1902. The club does not own a golf course of its own, and consequently members play on the seven public links courses at the St Andrews Links including the Old Course.
St Andrews Ladies’ Putting Club, originally known as the St Andrews Ladies Golf Club when it was first established in 1867 for female golf players to use, now the club is also known as the Ladies’ Putting Club of St Andrews, or simply the Putting Club. The club is still a ladies only golf club based in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is generally known to visitors as The Himalayas putting course, which is where the club's members and visitors play, and is thought to be the first minigolf course ever made. The Himalayas name comes about from the peaks and troughs on the course. It has both 9 and 18-hole courses, and is open to men, women and children visitors alike for a nominal fee. The club is the world’s oldest ladies’ golf club.
The St Rule Club is a woman's golf and social club based in St Andrews, Scotland, and was established at the end of 1896, although it was not until 1898 when the golf section was established.