Jubilee line | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Stations | 27 |
Colour on map | Silver |
Website | tfl.gov.uk |
Service | |
Type | Rapid transit |
System | London Underground |
Depot(s) | |
Rolling stock | 1996 Stock |
Ridership | 276.813 million (2019) [2] passenger journeys |
History | |
Opened | 1 May 1979 |
Last extension | 1999 |
Technical | |
Line length | 36.2 km (22.5 mi) |
Character | Deep level |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
Electrification | Fourth rail, 630 V DC |
Operating speed | 100 km/h (62 mph) |
Signalling | CBTC (SelTrac S40) |
Train protection system | TBTC |
The Jubilee line is a London Underground line that runs between Stanmore in suburban north-west London and ‹See TfM› Stratford in east London, via the Docklands, South Bank and West End. Opened in 1979, it is the newest line on the Underground network, although some sections of track date back to 1932 and some stations to 1879.
The western section between Baker Street and Stanmore was previously a branch of the Metropolitan line and later the Bakerloo line, while the newly built line was completed in two major sections: initially in 1979 to Charing Cross, then in 1999 with an extension to Stratford. The later stations are larger and have special safety features, both aspects being attempts to future-proof the line. Following the extension to east London, serving areas once poorly connected to the Underground, the line has seen a huge growth in passenger numbers and is the fourth-busiest on the network (after the Northern, Victoria and Central lines), [3] with over 276 million passenger journeys in 2019.
Between Wembley Park and Finchley Road, the Jubilee line shares its route with the Metropolitan line and the Chiltern Main Line. Between Canning Town and Stratford it runs parallel to the ‹See TfM› Stratford International branch of the Docklands Light Railway. The Jubilee line is printed silver on the Tube map, to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II, after which the line was named.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(September 2024) |
The first section of what is now the Jubilee line opened in 1932, when the Metropolitan Railway built a branch from its main line at Wembley Park to Stanmore. The line, as with many others in the northwest London area, was designed for the use of commuters from the new and rapidly expanding suburbs. The line presented the Metropolitan with a problem. The suburban traffic had been so successful that, by the early 1930s, the lines into Baker Street were becoming overloaded, a problem exacerbated by the post-war flight from the City of London to the West End of London.
At first, the Metropolitan had advocated a new deep tube line roughly following the line of the Edgware Road between the tube station and a point near Willesden Green. Indeed, construction advanced as far as the rebuilding of Edgware Road station to accommodate 4 platforms of 8-car length. Things changed, though, with the formation of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) and the subsequent absorption of the Metropolitan line. The solution was now a new branch of the Bakerloo line from Baker Street to serve new stations at St John's Wood and Swiss Cottage, thereby rendering the existing stations of Lord's, Marlborough Road and Swiss Cottage on the parallel route redundant, and negating the need for the Met's extension from Edgware Road station. It was originally proposed that the Metropolitan line's Swiss Cottage station would remain open during peak hours for interchange with the Bakerloo, and that Lord's station would open for special cricketing events, but both were closed permanently as economy measures during the Second World War. The new line rose between the Metropolitan line tracks at Finchley Road, providing cross-platform interchange with the Metropolitan line. Continuing north to Wembley Park, the new Bakerloo line branch was to provide local service on the Metropolitan line, while Metropolitan line trains ran non-stop between Finchley Road and Wembley Park, cutting seven minutes from journey times. At Wembley Park, the new Bakerloo would turn north to serve Kingsbury, Queensbury, Canons Park and Stanmore, taking over the former Metropolitan branch. The Bakerloo extension, built as above, opened in 1939.
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The planning for the Tube network immediately before and after World War II considered several new routes. The main results of this study concerned two major routes: the south-to-northeast "line C", and lines 3 and 4, new cross-town routes, linking the northwest suburbs to Fenchurch Street, Wapping and variously Lewisham and Hayes. Line C opened as the Victoria line, in stages, from 1968 to 1972. Work on the northwest–southeast route continued.
The "Fleet line" was mentioned in a 1965 Times article, discussing options after the Victoria line had been completed – suggesting that the Fleet line could take a route via Baker Street, Bond Street, Trafalgar Square, Strand, Fleet Street, Ludgate Circus and Cannon Street, then proceeding into southeast London. [4] The new line was to have been called the Fleet line, [5] partly because it ran along Fleet Street, which itself is named after the River Fleet (although it would only have crossed under the Fleet at Ludgate Circus; the central London section mostly follows the Tyburn).
In 1971, construction began on the new Fleet line. Economic pressure and doubt over the final destination of the line had led to a staged approach. Under the first stage, the Baker Street-to-Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line was joined at Baker Street to a new 2.5-mile (4 km) segment into central London, with intermediate stops at Bond Street and Green Park and terminating at a new station at Charing Cross, thereby relieving pressure on the West End section of the Bakerloo line between Baker Street and Charing Cross and also allowing increased frequencies on the section north of Baker Street. The new tube was to offer cross-platform interchange between the Bakerloo and Fleet at Baker Street, as pioneered on the Victoria line. The work was completed in 1979. As part of the works, Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo) and Strand (Northern) stations were combined into a single station complex, Charing Cross. The existing Charing Cross station on the sub-surface District and Circle lines was renamed Embankment.
Another part of the works included a section of test tunnel, built near New Cross. This part of London has waterlogged soil that is difficult to tunnel in, so a new tunnelling method, called the bentonite shield, was used experimentally to construct a 150 m (490 ft) section of tunnel, that was on the line of the proposed Phase 2 route, in 1972. [6] [7] The experiment was successful, leading to the introduction of this form of construction elsewhere, [6] but when the planned route was altered, this 180-metre (590 ft) section was left abandoned. [8]
In 1975, when plans were under way to introduce the London Transport Silver Jubilee Bus fleet, the then Sales Manager of London Transport Advertising, Geoffrey Holliman, proposed to the Chairman of LTE, Kenneth Robinson, that the Fleet line should be renamed the Jubilee line.[ citation needed ] However, this idea was initially rejected because of the additional costs involved. Nevertheless, the name was ultimately chosen for the line after Queen Elizabeth II's 1977 Silver Jubilee following a pledge made by the Conservatives in the Greater London Council election of 1977. The original choice of battleship grey for the line's colour was based on the naval meaning of the word fleet;[ citation needed ] this became a lighter grey, representing the silver colour of the Jubilee itself.
The line was officially opened by the Prince of Wales on 30 April 1979, with passenger services operating from 1 May 1979. [9] [10]
The Jubilee line of 1979 was to be the first of four phases of the project, but lack of funds meant that no further progress was made until the late 1990s.
Changes in land use, particularly the urban renewal of the Docklands area, resulted in the project to extend the line beyond Charing Cross being changed considerably in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The Jubilee Line Extension, as the eventual project became known, opened in three stages in 1999. [13] [14] It split from the existing line at Green Park; the service to Charing Cross was discontinued (though still maintained for reversing trains at times of disruption, and for occasional use as a film set). The line extends as far as Stratford, with ten intermediate stations.
The new stations were designed to be "future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. [15] The project was the single largest addition to the Underground in 25 years. [16]
There have been other proposals to extend the line serving the docks. [17]
In mid-2014, TfL announced plans for a new Night Tube service, to include the entire Jubilee line. This would be an overnight service on Friday and Saturday nights. [18] Its introduction was postponed because of a dispute between TfL and the three rail unions. [19] The service eventually started on 7 October 2016. [20]
The entire Night Tube network was suspended in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the Jubilee line service being restored in May 2022. [21]
Open since 1979, the Jubilee line is the newest line of the London Underground network. The trains were upgraded in 1997 to the 1996 stock. In 1999, trains began running to Stratford instead of Charing Cross, serving areas once poorly connected to the London Underground network.
Jubilee line stations north of Baker Street were not built specifically for the Jubilee line. St John's Wood and Swiss Cottage stations were opened in 1939 on the then-new Bakerloo line branch and have more traditional tube station features. Stations north of Finchley Road were opened by the Metropolitan Railway (now the Metropolitan line), but they became part of the Bakerloo in 1939, with only Wembley Park being shared with the Metropolitan. Then, the Jubilee line took over the whole of the Bakerloo line service between Baker Street and Stanmore. The only stations with new platforms built for the original Jubilee line were the Baker Street westbound platform (eastbound opened in 1939), Bond Street, Green Park and the now-closed Charing Cross.
Stations on the Jubilee Line Extension feature: [15] [16]
The stations have subsequently been praised as exemplary pieces of 20th century architecture. [23] The platform edge doors were introduced primarily to prevent draughts underground and to assist in air flow. They also prevent people from falling or jumping onto the track, as well as the build-up of litter. [15] [16]
When the Jubilee line was opened, it was operated by 1972 stock. From 1984, this was gradually replaced by the new 1983 stock; the displaced 1972 stock was transferred to the Bakerloo line. The 1983 stock proved to be unreliable and troublesome in service,[ citation needed ] with single-leaf doors making passenger loading and unloading a slower process than on other stock with wider door openings. With the construction of the Jubilee line Extension, the opportunity was taken to introduce new trains, and today the line is worked by 1996 stock, which has an exterior similar to the 1995 stock in use on the Northern line. The new stock has internal displays and automated announcements to provide passengers with information on the train's route. At first, the displayed text was static and showed only the destination of the train, but later showed also the name of the next station and interchanges there. Subsequent modifications introduced scrolling text. The 1996 stock uses a different motor from the 1995 stock and has a motor design similar to Class 365, Class 465, and Class 466 Networker trains.
The Jubilee line closed for three days from 25 December 2005 in order to add an extra car to each six-car train. [24] The line had to be closed as six- and seven-car trains could not run in service at the same time, because the platform-edge doors at Jubilee Line Extension stations could not cater for both train lengths simultaneously. The signalling system was also modified to work with the longer trains.
Previously, an extra four complete seven-car trains had been added to the fleet, bringing the total to 63. This enabled the period during which a full service could be run to be increased. The full fleet was not required to be available until full advantage could be taken of the new signalling system.
The result of the seventh car upgrade was a 17% increase in capacity, allowing 6,000 more passengers per hour to use the line. Work was completed and the line reopened two days ahead of schedule, on 28 December 2005.
Since 2011, the Jubilee line has automatic train operation (ATO), using the SelTrac S40 moving block system. [25] This provides capacity for 30 trains per hour. [26]
Migration to the system was problematic. The programme of temporary closures for engineering work was criticised by local politicians [27] as well as by the management of venues such as Wembley Stadium and The O2 because visitors to major concerts and sporting events had to travel by rail replacement bus. [28] [29] The management of the project by Tube Lines was criticised by London TravelWatch for its delayed delivery date, [30] and a report by the London Assembly referred to the weekly line closures as "chaotic". [31] [32]
In March 2020, a leaky feeder based system was brought online in the Jubilee line tunnels, between Westminster and Canning Town. [33] The development of this system arose from the Home Office's desire to provide coverage for its new Emergency Services Network on the London Underground. It allows passengers to receive 4G connectivity both in the tunnels and on station platforms. [34]
When opened, it was the first section of London Underground tunnel to receive 4G and 5G connectivity. It was followed in December 2022 and into 2023 by a section of the Central line between Queensway and Holland Park and the Northern line between Archway and Mornington Crescent. [35] TfL intends to deploy the technology across the entire Tube network by the mid-2020s. [33]
When North Greenwich Underground station was opened, it was built to enable a branch extension to be built eastwards to Thamesmead. There are currently no plans to construct this branch route. [17]
Plans were put forward in 1974 and again in 2004 for a West Hampstead interchange, to connect the three West Hampstead stations in one complex. The plans were put on hold in 2007 due to uncertainty over the North London Line rail franchise. [36] The proposal is now no longer possible, due to development in the area. Furthermore, both the Thameslink station and the Overground station have been rebuilt and upgraded in recent years, with step free access added to both. [37]
Jubilee line services are: [38]
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Station | Image | Roundel | Opened | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stanmore | 10 December 1932 | map 1 | ||
Canons Park | 10 December 1932 | Opened as Canons Park (Edgware); renamed 1933. map 2 | ||
Queensbury | 16 December 1934 | map 3 | ||
Kingsbury | 10 December 1932 | map 4 | ||
Wembley Park [a] | 14 October 1893 | Connects with Metropolitan line. map 5 | ||
Neasden [b] | 2 August 1880 | map 6 | ||
Dollis Hill [b] | 1 October 1909 | map 7 | ||
Willesden Green [b] | 24 November 1879 | map 8 | ||
Kilburn [b] | 24 November 1879 | Opened as Kilburn & Brondesbury; renamed 25 September 1950. map 9 | ||
West Hampstead [b] | 30 June 1879 | Connects with Mildmay line and National Rail services. map 10 | ||
Finchley Road [b] | 30 June 1879 | Connects with Metropolitan line. map 11 | ||
Swiss Cottage | 20 November 1939 | map 12 | ||
St John's Wood | 20 November 1939 | map 13 | ||
Baker Street | 1 May 1979 | Connects with Bakerloo, Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. map 14 | ||
Bond Street | 1 May 1979 | Connects with Central line and the Elizabeth line. map 15 | ||
Green Park | 1 May 1979 | Connects with Piccadilly and Victoria lines. map 16 | ||
Westminster | 22 December 1999 | Connects with Circle and District lines. map 17 | ||
Waterloo | 24 September 1999 | Connects with Bakerloo, Northern and Waterloo & City lines and National Rail services. map 18 | ||
Southwark ( Waterloo East ) | 20 November 1999 | Connects with National Rail services from Waterloo East. map 19 | ||
London Bridge ( Trains to Gatwick ) | 7 October 1999 | Connects with Northern line and National Rail services. map 20 | ||
Bermondsey | 17 September 1999 | map 21 | ||
Canada Water | 17 September 1999 | Connects with Windrush line. map 22 | ||
Canary Wharf | 17 September 1999 | Connects with Docklands Light Railway and the Elizabeth line. map 23 | ||
North Greenwich ( from Greenwich Peninsula) | 14 May 1999 | Connects with the London Cable Car from Greenwich Peninsula. map 24 | ||
Canning Town [c] | 14 May 1999 | Connects with Docklands Light Railway. map 25 | ||
West Ham [c] | 14 May 1999 | Connects with District and Hammersmith & City lines, Docklands Light Railway and National Rail services. map 26 | ||
Stratford [c] | 14 May 1999 | Connects with Central line, Mildmay line, Elizabeth line, Docklands Light Railway and National Rail services. map 27 | ||
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The Jubilee line platforms at Charing Cross are still used during service suspensions. For example, when the service is suspended between Green Park and Stratford, trains will terminate (and passengers alight) at Green Park before going to Charing Cross and using a scissors crossover to reverse back westbound. The platforms are a popular set for films and television because the platforms are contemporary and the trains used are current ones that appear in normal passenger service.
The main servicing and maintenance depot on the Jubilee line is Stratford Market Depot map 29 between the Stratford and West Ham stations. [39] Trains are also stabled in Neasden Depot – sharing it with the Metropolitan line.
Stratford Market Depot was built as part of the Jubilee Line Extension in the late 1990s, as the Neasden Depot could not accommodate the increased number of trains required. [40] [41]
The Metropolitan line, colloquially known as the Met, is a London Underground line between Aldgate in the City of London and ‹See TfM›Amersham and Chesham in Buckinghamshire, with branches to Watford in Hertfordshire and Uxbridge in Hillingdon. Printed in magenta on the tube map, the line is 41.4 miles (66.7 km) in length and serves 34 stations. Between Aldgate and Finchley Road, the track is mostly in shallow "cut and cover" tunnels, apart from short sections at Barbican and Farringdon stations. The rest of the line is above ground, with a loading gauge of a similar size to those on main lines. Just under 94 million passenger journeys were made on the line in 2019.
The Bakerloo line is a London Underground line that runs from ‹See TfM›Harrow & Wealdstone in suburban north-west London to Elephant & Castle in south London, via the West End. Printed in brown on the Tube map, it serves 25 stations, 15 of which are underground, over 23.2 kilometres (14.4 mi). It runs partly on the surface and partly through deep-level tube tunnels.
The Northern line is a London Underground line that runs between North London and South London. It is printed in black on the Tube map. It carries more passengers per year than any other Underground line – around 340 million in 2019 – making it the busiest tube line in London. The Northern line is unique on the Underground network in having two different routes through central London, two southern branches and two northern branches. Despite its name, it does not serve the northernmost stations on the Underground, though it does serve the southernmost station at Morden, the terminus of one of the two southern branches.
The Piccadilly line is a deep-level London Underground line running from the north to the west of London. It has two branches, which split at Acton Town, and serves 53 stations. The line serves Heathrow Airport, and some of its stations are near tourist attractions such as Piccadilly Circus and Buckingham Palace. The District and Metropolitan lines share some sections of track with the Piccadilly line. Printed in dark blue on the Tube map, it is the sixth-busiest line on the Underground network, with nearly 218 million passenger journeys in 2019.
Waterloo is a London Underground station located beneath Waterloo National Rail station. As of 2023, it is the 2nd busiest station on the London Underground, with 70.33 million users. It is served by four lines: Bakerloo, Jubilee, Northern and Waterloo & City.
Dollis Hill is a London Underground station at Dollis Hill near to Willesden and Gladstone Park of the London Borough of Brent. It is on the Jubilee line, between Neasden and Willesden Green stations and is in Travelcard Zone 3. Metropolitan line trains pass through the station without stopping here.
Baker Street is a London Underground station at the junction of Baker Street and the Marylebone Road in the City of Westminster. It is one of the original stations of the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the UK's first underground railway, opened on 10 January 1863.
Canary Wharf is a London Underground station at Canary Wharf and is on the Jubilee line, between Canada Water and North Greenwich stations. The station is located in Travelcard Zone 2 and was opened on 17 September 1999 as part of the Jubilee Line Extension. Over 40 million people pass through the station each year, making it second busiest on the London Underground outside Central London after Stratford, and also the busiest that serves only a single line.
Kingsbury is a London Underground station in Kingsbury, north-west London, England. It is on the Jubilee line between Queensbury and Wembley Park stations, in Zone 4, in the borough of Brent.
Wembley Park is a London Underground station in Wembley Park, north-west London. It is served by the Jubilee and Metropolitan lines and is in Travelcard Zone 4. On the Jubilee line the station is between Kingsbury and Neasden stations, and on the Metropolitan line it is between Preston Road and Finchley Road stations. It is located on Bridge Road (A4089) and is the nearest Underground station to exit for Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena. This is where the Jubilee line from Stanmore diverges from the Metropolitan line, which was formerly a branch of the Metropolitan Railway and was taken over by the Bakerloo line and is now part of the Jubilee line.
Neasden is a London Underground station in Neasden. It is on the Jubilee line, between Wembley Park and Dollis Hill stations. Metropolitan line trains pass through the station but do not stop. The Chiltern Main Line/London to Aylesbury Line runs to the west of the station.
Willesden Green is a London Underground station on Walm Lane in Willesden. It is served by the Jubilee line and is between Dollis Hill and Kilburn stations. Metropolitan line trains also pass through the station, but do not stop. The station is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.
Kilburn is a London Underground station near Brondesbury Park in north-west London. It is on the Jubilee line, between Willesden Green and West Hampstead stations and is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station is on the A5 Kilburn High Road or Shoot-up Hill, approximately 0.1 miles (0.16 km) north of Brondesbury station. Metropolitan line trains typically bypass the station without stopping.
Finchley Road is a London Underground station at the corner of Finchley Road and Canfield Gardens in the London Borough of Camden, north London. It is served by the Jubilee and Metropolitan lines. On the Jubilee line, the station is between West Hampstead and Swiss Cottage stations. On the Metropolitan line, it is between Wembley Park and Baker Street stations. The station is in Travelcard Zone 2.
Canning Town is an interchange station located in Canning Town, London for London Underground, Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and London Buses services.
Canons Park is a London Underground station at Canons Park of the London Borough of Harrow, north-west London. It is on the Jubilee line, between Stanmore and Queensbury stations and is in Travelcard Zone 5. It is also the least used station on the Jubilee line with an average of 1.68 million passengers per year.
Stanmore is a London Underground station in Stanmore, north-west London. It is the northern terminus of the Jubilee line and the next station towards south is Canons Park. The station is on the south side of London Road and is in Travelcard Zone 5.
The New Works Programme of 1935–1940 was the major investment programme delivered by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), commonly known as London Transport, which had been created in 1933 to coordinate underground train, tram, trolleybus and bus services in the capital and the surrounding areas. The programme was to develop many aspects of the public transport services run by the LPTB and the suburban rail services of the Great Western Railway (GWR) and London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). The investment was largely backed by government assistance as well as by the issuing of financial bonds and was estimated to cost £42,286,000 in 1936.
Neasden Depot is a London Underground depot located in Neasden in the London Borough of Brent, between Neasden and Wembley Park stations on the Metropolitan line. It is the largest depot on the London Underground, and is currently responsible for maintenance and overhaul of the 191 S Stock trains used on the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines.
Stonebridge Park Depot is a stabling and maintenance depot for trains on the Bakerloo line of the London Underground in England. It opened in 1979, as part of the restructuring that resulted in the Bakerloo line's Stanmore branch becoming part of the Jubilee line. It is the main depot on the Bakerloo line, and has been used for stabling stock dating from 1938, 1959 and 1972. In addition, trains of 1972 Stock from the Northern line have been transferred to the depot temporarily for overhaul.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)West: | Crossings of the River Thames | East: |
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Westminster Bridge | Between Westminster and Waterloo | Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges |
Canary Wharf – Rotherhithe Ferry | Between Canada Water and Canary Wharf | Docklands Light Railway between Island Gardens and Cutty Sark |
Greenwich Foot Tunnel | Between Canary Wharf and North Greenwich | Blackwall Tunnels |
Blackwall Tunnels | Between North Greenwich and Canning Town | Millennium Dome electricity cable tunnel (no public access) London Cable Car |