2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

Last updated

22nd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
CHOGM2011.jpg
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II poses with the heads of commonwealth countries or their representatives after the inauguration of the CHOGM 2011, at Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre, in Australia on October 28, 2011.jpg
Host countryFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Dates28–30 October 2011
Venue(s) Kings Park
Cities Perth
Heads of State or Government36 [1]
Chair Julia Gillard
(Prime Minister)
Follows 2009
Precedes 2013
Key points

The 2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, commonly known as CHOGM 2011, [2] [3] was the 22nd Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. Held in Perth, Western Australia, between 28 and 30 October 2011 and hosted by the Prime Minister Julia Gillard.

Contents

Venue

Perth, Western Australia, hosted the conference, the first time the city hosted the event and the first time the event had been held in Australia since the 2002 meeting at Coolum, Queensland. Kings Park served as the leaders' retreat. [4]

Security

A heavy security presence was placed in Perth with many parts of the city being declared "security areas" as delegated with newly enumerated authority to clamp down on protests. In the Perth Central Business District, where the Queen was due to open the summit, nearly every street corner had a police presence. F/A-18 Hornet fighter jets of the Royal Australian Air Force also patrolled the skies. [5]

Opening session

The Head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II, incorporated the CHOGM Official Opening into her official visit to Australia, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The tour lasted from 19 to 29 October and included visits to Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; Brisbane, Queensland; Melbourne, Victoria; and Perth. [6] In attendance at the ceremony were the Queen, Prime Minister Julia Gillard, the incoming Commonwealth Chair-in-Office, Kamla Persad-Bissessar, the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago and outgoing Commonwealth Chair-in-Office, the Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma and many heads of government or heads of state from the 53 Commonwealth states. [7]

British Prime Minister David Cameron arrived late for the summit as he was attending a European Union summit on financial bailouts. [5]

Guy Sebastian headlined the Official Opening in Perth, performing "Agents of Change," [8] [ dubious – discuss ] a song he wrote especially for the event.

Attendees

Discussions

David Cameron announced his proposals to reform the rules governing the royal succession. [9] Also discussed were topics on how the Commonwealth should celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. [10]

The summit considered a report by an Eminent Persons Group panel, appointed at the last CHOGM. The panel suggested the Commonwealth's relevance was lost and was further decaying due to the lack of a mechanism to censure member countries when they violated human rights or democratic norms. [11] The panel also made 106 "urgent" recommendations including the adoption of a Charter of the Commonwealth, the creation of a new commissioner on the rule of law, democracy and human rights to track persistent human rights abuses and allegations of political repression by Commonwealth member states, [12] recommendations for the repeal of laws against homosexuality in 41 Commonwealth states and a ban on "forced marriage." [1] [13]

Outcome

The other Commonwealth realm prime ministers agreed to British Prime Minister David Cameron's proposal that the rules for the royal succession be reformed. [9] The reforms need to be approved by parliaments of all 16 realms. [14] New Zealand was chosen to chair a working group to consider the best way of accomplishing this reform in all the countries concerned. [15]

The summit failed to reach an agreement to endorse or even publish the Eminent Persons Group report; the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada urged the publication of the report but were opposed by India, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, South Africa and Namibia. The EPG had been commissioned at the 2009 CHOGM to make proposals for modernisation and reforms. [12] The failure to release the report, or accept its recommendations for reforms in the area of human rights, democracy and the rule of law was decried as a "disgrace" by former British Foreign Secretary Sir Malcolm Rifkind, a member of the EPG, who told a press conference: "The Commonwealth faces a very significant problem. It's not a problem of hostility or antagonism, it's more of a problem of indifference. Its purpose is being questioned, its relevance is being questioned and part of that is because its commitment to enforce the values for which it stands is becoming ambiguous in the eyes of many member states. The Commonwealth is not a private club of the governments or the secretariat. It belongs to the people of the Commonwealth."

Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, former prime minister of Malaysia and chair of the EPG, warned "this CHOGM is expected to deliver meaningful reforms of the Commonwealth. If this CHOGM does not deliver such reforms, it is our duty to sound the caution to you that this CHOGM will be remembered not as the triumph it should be, but as a failure." [13]

On the summit's final day it was agreed to develop a charter of values for the Commonwealth as "one clear, powerful statement" without any agreement about enforcement. Two-thirds of the EPG's 106 recommendations were referred to study groups, an act described by one EPG member[ who? ] as having them "kicked into the long grass." There was, however, still no agreement to create the recommended position of human rights commissioner, instead a ministerial management group was empowered with enforcement. [11] The summit chair, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, hailed the decision to develop the charter of values and adopt new rules for the ministerial management body as "major decisions" and "significant reforms." [11] The Charter of the Commonwealth was subsequently adopted on 19 December 2012 and was officially signed by Queen Elizabeth II at Marlborough House, London, on the Commonwealth Day on 11 March 2013.

Controversies

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh skipped the summit in protest against Australia's refusal to sell India uranium as it had not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. [16] Instead, the ceremonial vice-president, Hamid Ansari, led the Indian delegation. When reports suggested that the Commonwealth Secretariat had refused to grant Ansari head of government status and attendant protocol honours, Foreign Secretary Ranjan Mathai said that: "In our system, the vice president holds a position of great importance. He is second in the warrant of precedence." India also claimed that Singh's calendar was full, [17] but the Commonwealth was not being snubbed as it was still relevant. [18] Australia later denied that Singh's pull out from the summit was over its refusal to sell uranium. [19] [20]

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper walked out of the summit during its last day when Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa was invited to speak. He also had threatened to boycott the 2013 CHOGM summit, scheduled to be held in Sri Lanka, if allegations of human rights abuses against the country's Tamil minority were not investigated. [11]

In response to a suggestion by the British Prime Minister David Cameron that the United Kingdom would cut off aid to any country that failed to recognise LGBT rights, President of Ghana John Atta Mills pledged to never support or initiate any attempt to legalise homosexuality in his country and decried attempts by one country to dictate the societal norms of another state. [21]

Related Research Articles

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting is a biennial summit meeting of the governmental leaders from all Commonwealth nations. Despite the name, the head of state may be present in the meeting instead of the head of government, especially among semi-presidential states. Every two years the meeting is held in a different member state and is chaired by that nation's respective prime minister or president, who becomes the Commonwealth Chair-in-Office until the next meeting. Queen Elizabeth II, who was the Head of the Commonwealth, attended every CHOGM beginning with Ottawa in 1973 until Perth in 2011, although her formal participation only began in 1997. She was represented by the Prince of Wales at the 2013 meeting as the 87-year-old monarch was curtailing long-distance travel. The Queen attended the 2015 summit in Malta and the 2018 summit in London, but was represented again by the Prince of Wales at the 2022 meeting in Rwanda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commonwealth Secretary-General</span> Head of the Commonwealth Secretariat

The Commonwealth secretary-general, formally the secretary-general of the Commonwealth of Nations, is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965, and responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly. The Commonwealth secretary-general should not be confused with the head of the Commonwealth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julia Gillard</span> Prime Minister of Australia from 2010 to 2013

Julia Eileen Gillard is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th prime minister of Australia and the leader of the Labor Party (ALP) from 2010 to 2013. She was the member of parliament (MP) for the Victorian division of Lalor from 1998 to 2013. She previously served as the 13th deputy prime minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010, under Kevin Rudd. She is the first and only woman to hold either office in Australian history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Head of the Commonwealth</span> Symbolic head of association of independent states

The Head of the Commonwealth is the ceremonial leader who symbolises "the free association of independent member nations" of the Commonwealth of Nations, an intergovernmental organisation that currently comprises 56 sovereign states. There is no set term of office or term limit and the role itself has no constitutional relevance to any of the member states within the Commonwealth. The position is currently held by King Charles III. Head of the Commonwealth is also a title of the monarch of each of the Commonwealth realms according to the Royal Style and Titles Act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamalesh Sharma</span> Indian diplomat (born 1941)

Kamalesh Sharma is an Indian diplomat. He was the fifth Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008 to 2016, having previously served as the High Commissioner for India in London. He has served as the Chancellor Emeritus of Queen's University Belfast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commonwealth Chair-in-Office</span> Leadership position in the Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth Chair-in-Office (CIO) is the Chair-in-Office of the Commonwealth of Nations, and is one of the main leadership positions in the Commonwealth. It is held by the host chairperson of the previous Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), and is maintained until the next CHOGM. Fiamē Naomi Mata‘afa, Prime Minister of Samoa, is the current Chair-in-Office of the association since 25 October 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commonwealth of Nations</span> Political association of mostly former British Empire territories

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in the Commonwealth of Nations</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</span>

The 2013 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was the 23rd Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 15 to 17 November 2013. Commonwealth leaders agreed on Sri Lanka as the 2013 host for the meeting when they met in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, in 2009. Sri Lanka, which was originally slated to host the summit in 2011, was accused of committing atrocities during the Sri Lankan civil war and the summit was instead held in Perth, Australia; Colombo was given the 2013 summit instead. The leaders of Canada, Mauritius, and India boycotted the summit, citing alleged human rights violations by Sri Lanka against its Tamil minority. Protests were also banned during the summit. President Mahinda Rajapaksa summarised the summit's events as: "Issues covered in the communique include development, political values, global threats, challenges and Commonwealth cooperation." However, the meeting was overshadowed by controversy over Sri Lanka's human rights record and the alleged war crimes during the final stages of the civil war. This was the first time in 40 years that the Head of the Commonwealth, Queen Elizabeth II, was not present at the CHOGM.

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References

  1. 1 2 Cheadle, Bruce (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders still haggling over human rights reforms". Toronto Star. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  2. ↑ CHOGM2011 Archived 26 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine – chogm2011.org. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  3. ↑ CHOGM 2011 Archived 15 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine – perth.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  4. ↑ CHOGM 2011 Retreat location announced Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine – chogm2011.org. Published 1 June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  5. 1 2 (27 October 2011). Australia police out in force for Commonwealth meet. Times of Oman. Muscat Press and Publishing House.
  6. ↑ Williams, Philip (25 September 2011). Palace releases details of Queen's Australia visit. ABC News. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  7. ↑ Queen welcomes 54 countries to CHOGM Retrieved 31 October 2011
  8. ↑ "Guy Sebastian in Concert: Guy Sebastian performs before the Queen at CHOGM". 28 October 2011.
  9. 1 2 (28 October 2011). Commonwealth agrees first-born girls can be queen. CBC News.
  10. ↑ "Queen hailed by Commonwealth chief". Press Agency. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.[ dead link ]
  11. 1 2 3 4 Cheadle, Bruce (30 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders agree to develop charter of values and little else". Toronto Star. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  12. 1 2 Kennedy, Mark (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders refuse to publish reports key findings". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  13. 1 2 Watt, Nicholas (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders under fire for refusing to publish human rights report". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  14. ↑ "Girls equal in British throne succession". BBC. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  15. ↑ Prime Minister unveils changes to royal succession Archived 21 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 28 October 2011
  16. ↑ India to snub Australia over refusal to sell uranium. Thoughtful India.
  17. ↑ (25 October 2011). Indian Prime Minister not to attend Commonwealth summit in Australia Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine .
  18. ↑ India defends Manmohan's absence from Commonwealth meet. Suni Systems.
  19. ↑ (20 October 2011).Indian PM's Pull Out Not Related to Uranium Sale: Oz Archived 14 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine . OutlookIndia.com. PTI.
  20. ↑ (29 October 2011). Manmohan Singh Pullout ‘nothing to do with uranium’ Archived 22 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine . e News.
  21. ↑ "I will never support legalizing homosexuality, Ghana's President says". National Post . 2 November 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
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