Membership
members
observers
supporting partners
- Member partners:
- Observer:
- Supporting partners:
Japan 
Norway 
Russia 
Turkey 
Switzerland 
United States 
European Union member states - Multiple international organizations.
The Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe was an institution aimed at strengthening peace, democracy, human rights and economy in the countries of South Eastern Europe from 1999 to 2008. It was replaced by the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) in February 2008. The RCC replaced it because it is more "regionally owned" than the Stability Pact, which was driven more by outside partners such as the EU.
Japan 
Norway 
Russia 
Turkey 
Switzerland 
United States 
European Union member states The pact was created at the initiative of the European Union on June 10, 1999, in Cologne. All of the countries of the region, except for Serbia and Montenegro (then FR Yugoslavia) and Moldova, were present at the founding conference. Representatives of Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Turkey, United States, all members of the EU at the time, OSCE, Council of Europe and European Commission were also considered active participants.
Representatives of Canada, Japan, United Nations, UNHCR, NATO, OECD, Western European Union, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, European Investment Bank and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development were present as facilitators.
The pact was created following the escalation of Kosovo War; stability of Kosovo was among the primary objectives.
In 2006 it was announced that the Stability Pact should be succeeded in early 2008 by a more regionally owned co-operation framework, the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) formed by the countries of the region themselves, but with continued support and advice from the international community. The South-East European Cooperation Process should be playing an important role in this process.
The last meeting of the SPSEE took place on 28 February 2008, in Sofia, Bulgaria when it was succeeded by the Regional Cooperation Council. [1]
The Special Coordinator was a head of the Stability Pact. The first Special Coordinator was Bodo Hombach. Since 2002, the position was held by Erhard Busek.
The pact was divided among three Working Tables, with the fourth, Regional Working Table, coordinating actions between them.
| Working Table 1 | Working Table 2 | Working Table 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chair | Goran Svilanović | Fabrizio Saccomanni | Janez Premoze |
| Director | Marijana Grandits | Mary O'Mahony | Pieter Verbeek |
| Main issues | Democratization and human rights
| Economic reconstruction, development and cooperation
| Security issues
|
Each of the Working Tables was responsible for a set of issues, working with participant countries' governments and NGOs on resolving them.
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Consists of five task forces: Media, Education and Youth, Local Democracy and Cross Border Cooperation, Parliamentary Cooperation and Gender Issues.
Apart from its Director WT I relies on the work of two experts Srđan Cvijić and Talia Boati.
Working Table III deals with questions of both internal and external security. The aim is to establish a stable security environment in the region and to promote regional co-operation in fighting organised crime and corruption and on migration issues. It is divided into two sub-tables. The first one deals with Justice and Home Affairs and the second one with Defence and Security Sector Reform issues.
| European Union associated | Other Stability pact partners (to be merged into CEFTA) | Other European Neighbourhood Policy partners | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU | EFTA | Turkey CU | Croatia | Republic of North Macedonia | Albania | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Serbia and Montenegro | Kosovo | Moldova | Ukraine | Georgia | Armenia | Azerbaijan | |
| EU | FTA 1973 | CU 1996 | SAA 2005 | SAA 2004 | SAA | SAA | SAA | STM | ||||||
| EFTA | FTA 1973 | FTA 1992 | FTA 2002 | FTA 2001 | ? | |||||||||
| Turkey CU | CU 1996 | FTA 1992 | FTA 2003 | FTA 2000 | FTA 2003 | ? | ? | |||||||
| Croatia | SAA 2005 | FTA 2002 | FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2002 CEFTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2005 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2004 | |||||
| Republic of North Macedonia | SAA 2004 | FTA 2001 | FTA 2000 | SEE-FTA 2002 CEFTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2005 | |||||
| Albania | SAA | SEE-FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2004 | |||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | SAA | FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2005 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2004 | ||||||
| Serbia and Montenegro | SAA | ? | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2002 | SEE-FTA 2004 | |||||||
| Kosovo | STM | ? | ? | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2006 | SEE-FTA 2003 | SEE-FTA 2006 | ? | ||||||
| Moldova | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2005 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2004 | SEE-FTA 2004 | ? | FTA 1995 | |||||||
| Ukraine | FTA 1996 | FTA 1996 | ||||||||||||
| Georgia | FTA 1996 | FTA 1998 | FTA 1996 | |||||||||||
| Armenia | FTA 1995 | FTA 1996 | FTA 1998 | |||||||||||
| Azerbaijan | FTA 1996 | |||||||||||||
The Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) is an international trade agreement between countries mostly located in Southeastern Europe. Founded by representatives of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, CEFTA in 2006 expanded to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and the UNMIK.
Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors. Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used. For instance, the Balkans is a distinct geographical region within Europe, but individual countries may alternatively be grouped into South-eastern Europe or Southern Europe.
European integration is the process of industrial, economic, political, legal, social, and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies.
Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe (SEE) is a geographical subregion of Europe, consisting primarily of the cultural region of Balkans, as well as adjacent regions and archipelagos. There are overlapping and conflicting definitions of the region, due to political, economic, historical, cultural, and geographical considerations.
A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links.
The Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is a regional international organization focusing on multilateral political and economic initiatives aimed at fostering cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity in the Black Sea region. It traces its origin to 25 June 1992, when Turkish President Turgut Özal and leaders of ten other countries gathered in Istanbul and signed the Summit Declaration and the "Bosphorus Statement". BSEC Headquarters – the Permanent International Secretariat of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation – was established in March 1994, also in Istanbul.
At present, there are six multi-lateral free trade areas in Europe, and one former free trade area in recent history. Note that there are also a number of bilateral free trade agreements between states and between trade blocks; and that some states participate in more than one free trade area.
The Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) is a multilateral regional initiative that has been initiated by the European Union, the United States of America and the countries of Southeast Europe within the framework of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) as a support to the implementation of the Dayton Accords in December 1996 at the inaugural session at Geneva on the basis of Final Points of Common EU-USA Understanding.
The European Union-Mediterranean Free Trade Area, also called the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area or Euromed FTA, is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The Barcelona Process, developed after the Barcelona Conference in successive annual meetings, is a set of goals designed to lead to a free trade area in the Mediterranean Region and the Middle East by 2010.
The South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) was launched on Bulgaria's initiative in 1996. At the Bulgaria-chaired meeting in Sofia, the Southeast Europe (SEE) countries laid the foundations for regional co-operation for the purposes of creating an atmosphere of trust, good neighbourly relations and stability.
The inaugural session of the Black Sea Forum for Partnership and Dialogue (BSF) was held on June 4–6, 2006 in Bucharest. The Forum is a Romanian initiative, initially meant to hold annual presidential-level summits and thematic or sectoral-cooperation meeting during those annual intervals. The Forum is not meant to create new regional institutions, but rather to turn into a regular consultative process among countries of the extended Black Sea region and between this group of countries and international organizations such as the European Union. After the inaugural summit, no other summits were planned.
Foreign relations of Kosovo are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. Kosovo operates 33 embassies abroad and is host to 22 embassies in Pristina. Kosovo has membership in several international organisations.
The Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of five post-Soviet states located in Eurasia. The EAEU has an integrated single market. As of 2023, it consists of 183 million people and a gross domestic product of over $2.4 trillion.
The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas (DCFTA) are three free trade areas established between the European Union, and Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine respectively. The DCFTAs are part of each country's EU Association Agreement. They allow Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine access to the European Single Market in selected sectors and grant EU investors in those sectors the same regulatory environment in the associated country as in the EU. The agreements with Moldova and Georgia have been ratified and officially entered into force in July 2016, although parts of them were already provisionally applied. The agreement with Ukraine was provisionally applied since 1 January 2016 and formally entered into force on 1 September 2017.
The future enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is theoretically open to any of the post-Soviet states and potentially any country of Europe or Asia. In order to accede, a state must fulfill certain economic and political requirements. Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is also subject to the consent of all existing members and the candidate's adoption of existing EEU laws and implementing previous decisions made by the Eurasian Economic Commission. The present agenda of the enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is primarily focused on Tajikistan. Meanwhile, Moldova was granted Observer Status in April 2017, followed by Uzbekistan and Cuba in December 2020. The process of enlargement is referred to as Eurasian integration or Eurasianism. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of economic cooperation between Eurasian Economic Union member states.
Serbia is a member state of several international organizations :
Since Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia, international recognition of Kosovo has been mixed, and the international community continues to be divided on the issue. The Republic of Kosovo is member of some international intergovernmental and international non-governmental organisations.
Transport Community is an international organisation in the field of mobility and transport, consisting of 36 participants – the European Union member states represented by the European Commission, the six Western Balkans regional partners.
