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Joseon, officially Great Joseon, was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
The politics of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897, were governed by the reigning ideology of Korean Confucianism, a form of Neo-Confucianism. Political struggles were common between different factions of the scholar-officials. Purges frequently resulted in leading political figures being sent into exile or condemned to death.
The Zhongshu Sheng, also known as the Palace Secretariat or Central Secretariat, was one of the departments of the Three Departments and Six Ministries government structure in imperial China from Cao Wei (220–266) until the early Ming dynasty. As one of the Three Departments, the Zhongshu Sheng was primarily a policy-formulating agency responsible for proposing and drafting all imperial decrees, but its actual function varied at different times. The department traces its origins back to the Han dynasty.
Yeonguijeong was a title created in 1400, during the Joseon Kingdom and the Korean Empire times (1392–1910) and given to the Chief State Councillor as the highest government position of "Uijeongbu". Existing for over 500 years, the function was handed over in 1895 during the Gabo Reform to the newly formed position of Prime Minister of Korea. Only one official at a time was appointed to the position and though was generally called Yeongsang, was also referred to as Sangsang, Sugyu or Wonbo. Although the title of Yeonguijeong was legally defined as the highest post in charge of all state affairs, its practical functions changed drastically depending on the particular King and whether that King's power was strong or weak.
The Jwauijeong[tɕwa ɰi tɕʌŋ] was the Second State Councillor of the Uijeongbu, subordinate in rank only to the Yeonguijeong, during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). Only one official was appointed to the position and was variously referred to as Jwasang, Jwajeongseung, Jwagyu, Jwahap, or Jwadae.
Gyeongguk daejeon is a code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees released since the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty. Sorted according to the relevant Ministries (Yukyo), it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon Dynasty politics.
Dojejo was an advisory position or Supreme Commissioner in Sogamun of Yukjo or in a military camp during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Among the jurisdictions of Yukjo in the early period of Joseon, important facilities related to King's power or state or diplomatic affairs had Dojejo participate in advising over major issues such as personnel or administrative affairs. Although the post was appointed to incumbent or retired Uijeong such as Yeonguijeong or Jwauijeong as a concurrent post, the King's relatives concurrently served the post related to Jongbusi that dealt with the royal court-related activities.
Seungjeongwon ilgi or Journal of the Royal Secretariat is a daily record of the Seungjeongwon, Royal Secretariat during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). It records the king's public life and his interactions with the bureaucracy on a daily basis. The record was written in Classical Chinese.
The Seungjeongwon was the Royal Secretariat during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910) in charge of receiving and delivering the king's order. The office was also called Jeongwon, Huwon, Eundae, or Daeeonsa. According to the Gyeongguk daejeon, the Seungjeongwon had six royal secretaries, whose ranks were in the 3rd senior grade, as well as two recorders. The duties of the royal secretaries were primarily to deliver the monarch's orders to government organizations and to report on official affairs of the state organizations to the throne. The six secretary system is explained by the fact that the government of Joseon was composed of six boards. The six secretaries served respectively the Boards of Personnel, War, Taxation, Rites, Works, and Punishment. However, the secretaries were not limited to liaison work between the six boards and the monarch; they also reported to the king the business of all government offices, primary among these being the State Council (Uijeong-bu), the Office of Censor-General (Saganwon), and the Office of Inspector-General (Saheon-bu). As the name implies, the primary duty of the recorders was to make a record of all the official business handled by the secretaries. As the work of the secretaries had to be conducted at all hours, and it was required that they have ready access to the monarch at all times, the office of the Seungjeongwon was established within easy reach of the king at court.
Crown Prince Uigyeong, personal name Yi Jang and formerly called as Prince Dowon was a Crown prince of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was the oldest son of Sejo of Joseon and Queen Jeonghui, also the older brother of Yejong of Joseon. He was the spouse of Queen Insu and the biological father of Seongjong of Joseon.
Seong Hon was a Korean philosopher, poet, and politician during the Joseon Dynasty. He was a Neo-Confucianist scholar who was a close friend of the scholar Yi I (Yulgok) and an older contemporary of Yi Hwang (Toegye), leader of the country's "western faction" of the period.
Border Defense Council of Joseon(비변사, 備邊司) is the supreme administrative organ since mid-Joseon whose other names were like Biguk or Joosa. The council took alternative initiative instead of Uijeongbu, State Council of Joseon, distinctively after the twice invasion from Japan and from Mongolians.
The Records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon or Bibyeonsa Deungnok (Korean: 비변사등록) are the records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon. There are currently 273 extant books that were produced between 1617 and 1892. While the original intent was to produce one volume per year, in some years they produced multiple volumes; an uncertain number of volumes and pages are considered lost.
Im Yunjidang was a Korean writer and neo-Confucian philosopher from the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910). She defended the right for a woman to become a Confucian master and argued that men and women did not differ in their human nature by interpretations of Confucianism values in moral self-cultivation and human nature.
Queen Sohye, of the Cheongju Han clan, was the only wife of Crown Prince Uigyeong. She never was the consort of a reigning king. Nevertheless, she was honored as Queen Insu (인수왕후) and later as Queen Dowager Insu (인수왕대비) during the reign of her son Yi Hyeol, King Seongjong. Moreover, she was later honored as Grand Queen Dowager Insu (인수대왕대비) during the reign of her grandson Yi Yung, Prince Yeonsan. After her death, she was posthumously honored with the title Queen Sohye (소혜왕후).
TojeongYi Ji-ham 이지함 (1517-1578) was a scholar, civil servant and ascetic fortune teller of the Joseon period of Korea. He used the courtesy names (자) 형백 (馨伯), 형중 (馨仲) and the pen names (호) Soo-San 수산 (水山) and Tojeong 토정 (土亭). He studied under Seo Gyeong-deok (徐敬德) and mastered the classics. He is remembered for his modesty, his dedicated efforts towards the working class and his practical skills in administration. He was also a master of pungsu and is the attributed author of the Tojeong Bigyeol, a system of divination and fortune telling as well as a compilation of his predictions that appeared in the 19th century.
Uuijeong, also the Right State Councilor, was the Third State Councillor of the Uijeongbu during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. The Uuijeong was variously referred to as Usang, Ujeongseung, Ugyu, Uhap, or Udae.
Gu Sa-maeng was a 16th century Korean nobleman, military officer and minister. He was the father of Queen Inheon and the maternal grandfather of Injo of Joseon.
Prince Yeongyang, personal name Yi Geo was a Royal Prince of the Joseon dynasty as the 4th son of Yi Yeok, King Jungjong, from Royal Noble Consort Chang. He was the paternal uncle of the 14th monarch, Yi Yeon, King Seonjo. He was said to be gentle and humble. He was the founder of "Cadet branch of Prince Yeongyang of the Jeonju Yi clan".
