State Council of Joseon | |
Hangul | 의정부 |
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Hanja | 議政府 |
Revised Romanization | Uijeongbu |
McCune–Reischauer | Ŭijŏngbu |
The State Council of Joseon or Uijeongbu was the highest organ of government under the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. [1] [2] It was led by three officials known as the High State Councillors. The Councilors were entrusted to deliberate over key problems of state,advising the king,and conveying royal decisions to the Six Ministries. [3] [2]
The council was formed under the reign of Jeongjong,just before Taejong seized power in 1400. [4] It replaced an earlier institution called the "Privy Council," which had been dominated by Jeong Dojeon and other key figures behind the dynasty's founding. The State Council gradually declined in importance over the 500 years of Joseon's rule. Finally,the council was replaced by the cabinet in 1907,forced by Japanese intervention [5]
Today,there's a city which was named after this organ (Uijeongbu) in Gyeonggi-do.
The State Council comprised:
Joseon, officially Great Joseon, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amnok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
Gojoseon, contemporary name Joseon, was the first kingdom on the Korean Peninsula. According to Korean mythology, the kingdom was established by the legendary king Dangun. Gojoseon possessed the most advanced culture in the Korean Peninsula at the time and was an important marker in the progression towards the more centralized states of later periods. The addition of Go, meaning "ancient", is used in historiography to distinguish the kingdom from the Joseon dynasty, founded in 1392 CE.
The politics of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897, were governed by the reigning ideology of Korean Confucianism, a form of Neo-Confucianism. Political struggles were common between different factions of the scholar-officials. Purges frequently resulted in leading political figures being sent into exile or condemned to death.
Yejong, personal name Yi Hwang, firstly titled Grand Prince Haeyang, was the eighth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded his father, King Sejo, in 1468, when he was 19 years old, but was too physically ill to govern, and died a year later.
Kisaeng, also called ginyeo, were enslaved women from outcast or enslaved families who were trained to be courtesans, providing artistic entertainment and conversation to men of upper class. First appearing in Goryeo, kisaeng were the government's legal entertainers, required to perform various functions for the state. Many were employed at court, but they were also spread throughout the country. They were carefully trained and frequently accomplished in the fine arts, poetry, and prose, and although they were of low social class, they were respected as educated artists. Aside from entertainment, their roles included medical care and needlework.
Hwang or Whang is a Korean family name. Today, Hwangs comprise approximately 1.4% of the Korean population. The South Korean census in the year 2000 found that there were 644,294 Hwangs with over 68 Bon-gwan family clans, making it the 16th most common last name in the country. Also, it is estimated that there are over 29,410,000 individuals whose last names are the variations of Huang, including the Korean Hwang and the Vietnamese Hoang around the world. The Chinese character, or Hanja, for Hwang indicates "yellow" or “Huang Kingdom”.
The Bungdang refers to political factionalism that was characteristic of the middle and late Joseon dynasty in Korea. Throughout the dynasty, various regional and ideological factions struggled for dominance in the political system.
The Yeonguijeong or Chief State Councilor was a member of the Uijeongbu and the highest government position in Joseon Korea. The Yeonguijeong held roles similar to a modern-day prime minister of a presidential system. As the senior member of the Chief State Council, the Yeonguijeong participated in the administration of general government affairs alongside the Jwauijeong and Uuijeong.
The Jwauijeong, also known as the Left State Councilor or Second State Councilor, was a member of the Uijeongbu. The Jwauijeong was subordinate in rank only to the Yeonguijeong, the highest-ranking official of the Joseon government, during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). Only one official was appointed to the position and was variously referred to as Jwasang, Jwajeongseung, Jwagyu, Jwahap, or Jwadae.
Dojejo was an advisory position or Supreme Commissioner in Sogamun of Yukjo or in a military camp during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. Among the jurisdictions of Yukjo in the early period of Joseon, important facilities related to King's power or state or diplomatic affairs had Dojejo participate in advising over major issues such as personnel or administrative affairs. Although the post was appointed to incumbent or retired Uijeong such as Yeonguijeong or Jwauijeong as a concurrent post, the King's relatives concurrently served the post related to Jongbusi that dealt with the royal court-related activities.
Seungjeongwon, or Royal Secretariat, was the royal administrative office during the Joseon dynasty responsible for receiving and delivering the king's orders. The office was also called Jeongwon, Huwon, Eundae, or Daeeonsa. According to the Gyeongguk daejeon, the Seungjeongwon had six royal secretaries, whose ranks were in the 3rd senior grade, as well as two recorders.
Border Defense Council of Joseon is the supreme administrative organ since mid-Joseon whose other names were like Biguk or Joosa. The council took alternative initiative instead of Uijeongbu, State Council of Joseon, distinctively after the twice invasion from Japan and from Mongolians.
The Records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon or Bibyeonsa Deungnok (Korean: 비변사등록) are the records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon. There are currently 273 extant books that were produced between 1617 and 1892. While the original intent was to produce one volume per year, in some years they produced multiple volumes; an uncertain number of volumes and pages are considered lost.
Im Yunjidang was a Korean writer and neo-Confucian philosopher from the Joseon period. She defended the right for a woman to become a Confucian master and argued that men and women did not differ in their human nature by interpretations of Confucianism values in moral self-cultivation and human nature.
Jang Yeong-sil (Korean: 장영실) is a 2016 South Korean historical drama television series starring Song Il-kook, Kim Yeong-cheol, Kim Sang-kyung and Park Sun-young. It replaced The Jingbirok: A Memoir of Imjin War and aired on KBS1 from January 2, 2016 to March 26, 2016 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:40 (KST) for 24 episodes.
Queen Sohye, of the Cheongju Han clan, was the only wife of Crown Prince Uigyeong. She never was the consort of a reigning king. Nevertheless, she was honored as Queen Insu (인수왕후) and later as Queen Dowager Insu (인수왕대비) during the reign of her son Yi Hyeol, King Seongjong. Moreover, she was later honored as Grand Queen Dowager Insu (인수대왕대비) during the reign of her grandson Yi Yung, Prince Yeonsan. After her death, she was posthumously honored with the title Queen Sohye (소혜왕후).
Hwang Sun-hui was a North Korean politician who served in several high-ranking positions in the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), including in the Supreme People's Assembly and the Central Committee of the WPK. She was affiliated with the Korean Revolution Museum from 1965, and was its director from 1990.
Nam Sago was a scholar of the Joseon period of Korea. He was well versed in mechanics 역학(易學), geomancy 풍수(風水), astrology 천문(天文), divination 복서(卜筮) and physiognomy 관상(觀相). In a first part of his adult life, he lived as a wandering scholar, traveling to famous mountains all over the country to detect auspicious sites. Under the name of Gyeogam 격암(格庵), he became known for poems and prose with prophetic intents. In his later years he served as Professor of Astronomy at Gwansanggam (觀象監).
Uuijeong, also known as the Right State Councilor, was the Third State Councillor of the Uijeongbu during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1392–1897). The Uuijeong was variously referred to as Usang, Ujeongseung, Ugyu, Uhap, or Udae.
Hong Gyeong-rae (1780–1812) was a rebel leader in the Joseon province of Pyeongan, in present-day Democratic People's Republic of Korea, during the early 19th century. He was born in Yonggang to a family of the Namyang Hong lineage. His background is uncertain. By some accounts, he was a fallen yangban. However, the best evidence is that he was an educated commoner and professional geomancer. He was known for leading a rebellion in Pyongan Province against the central government who were unhappy with their treatment by the central government and an oppressive de facto tax regime based on government-administered high-interest loans and perhaps by rivalries among yangban groups, but was killed in battle.
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