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The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea, succeeding the 400-year-old Goryeo dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese occupation in 1910. Twenty-seven kings ruled over united Korea for more than 500 years.
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The Joseon dynasty ruled Korea, succeeding the 400-year-old Goryeo dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese occupation in 1910. Twenty-seven kings ruled over united Korea for more than 500 years.
| Temple name | Portrait | Period of reign | Personal name | Reign name | Posthumous name | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taejo |  | 1392–1398 | Yi Seong-gye later Yi Dan 이성계 later 이단 | King Kangheon Jiin Gyewun Seongmun Shinmu the Great 강헌지인계운성문신무대왕 | [ citation needed ] | |
| Jeongjong | 1398–1400 | Yi Bang-gwa later Yi Gyeong 이방과 later 이경 | King Gongjeong Euimun Jangmu Onin Sunhyo the Great 공정의문장무온인순효대왕 | |||
| Taejong | 1400–1418 | Yi Bang-won 이방원 | King Gongjeong Seongdeok Sin-gong Geoncheon Chegeuk Daejeong Gye-u Munmu Yecheol Seongnyeol Gwanghyo the Great 공정성덕신공건천체극대정계우문무예철성렬광효대왕 | |||
| Sejong | 1418–1450 | Yi Do 이도 | King Jangheon Yeongmun Yemu Inseong Myeonghyo the Great 장헌영문예무인성명효대왕 | |||
| Munjong | 1450–1452 | Yi Hyang 이향 | King Gongsun Heummyung Insuk Gwangmun Seonghyo the Great 공순흠명인숙광문성효대왕 | |||
| Danjong |  | 1452–1455 | Yi Hong-wi 이홍위 | King Gongeui Onmun Sunjeong Anjang Gyungsun Donhyo the Great 공의온문순정안장경순돈효대왕 | ||
| Sejo |  | 1455–1468 | Yi Yu 이유 | King Hyejang Sungcheon Chedo Yeolmun Yeongmu Jideok Yunggong Seongsin Myeongye Heumsuk Inhyo the Great 혜장승천체도열문영무지덕융공성신명예흠숙인효대왕 | ||
| Yejong | 1468–1469 | Yi Gwang 이광 | King Yangdo Heummun Seongmu Euiin Sohyo the Great 양도흠문성무의인소효대왕 | |||
| Seongjong | 1469–1494 | Yi Hyeol 이혈 | King Gangjeong Inmun Heonmu Heumseong Gonghyo the Great 강정인문헌무흠성공효대왕 | |||
| Yeonsangun | 1494–1506 | Yi Yung 이융 | King Heoncheon Hongdo Gyungmun Wimu the Great 헌천홍도경문위무대왕 | |||
| Jungjong | 1506–1544 | Yi Yeok 이역 | King Gonghee Hwimun Somu Heumin Seonghyo the Great 공희휘문소무흠인성효대왕 | |||
| Injong | 1544–1545 | Yi Ho 이호 | King Yeongjeong Heonmun Euimu Jangsuk Heumhyo the Great 영정헌문의무장숙흠효대왕 | |||
| Myeongjong | 1545–1567 | Yi Hwan 이환 | King Gongheon Heoneui Somun Gwangsuk Gyeonghyo the Great 공헌헌의소문광숙경효대왕 | |||
| Seonjo |  | 1567–1608 | Yi Yeon 이연 | King Sogyung Jeongryun Ripgeuk Seongdeok Hongryeol Jiseong Daeeui Gyeokcheon Heeun Gyungmyung Sinryeok Honggong Yungeop Hyeonmun Euimu Seongye Dalhyo the Great 소경정륜립극성덕홍렬지성대의격천희운경명신력홍공융업현문의무성예달효대왕 | ||
| Gwanghaegun | 1608–1623 | Yi Hon 이혼 | King Checheon Heungun Jundeok Honggong Sinseong Yeongsuk Heummun Inmu Seoryun Ipgi Myungseong Gwangryeol Yungbong Hyeonbo mujeong Jungheui Yecheol Jangeui Jangheon Sunjeong Geoneui Sujeong Changdo Sungeop the Great 체천흥운준덕홍공신성영숙흠문인무서륜입기명성광렬융봉현보무정중희예철장의장헌순정건의수정창도숭업대왕 | |||
| Injo | 1623–1649 | Yi Jong 이종 | King Gaecheon Joun Jeonggi Seondeok Heonmun Yeolmu Myeongsuk Sunhyo the Great 개천조운정기선덕헌문열무명숙순효대왕 | |||
| Hyojong | 1649–1659 | Yi Ho 이호 | King Heumcheon Daldo Gwanggok Hongyeol Seonmun Jangmu Sinseong Hyeonin Myeongeui Jeongdeok the Great 흠천달도광곡홍열선문장무신성현인명의정덕대왕 | |||
| Hyeonjong | 1659–1674 | Yi Yeon 이연 | King Sohyu Yeongyung Dondeok Suseong Sunmun Sukmu Gyungin Changhyo the Great 소휴연경돈덕수성순문숙무경인창효대왕 | |||
| Sukjong |  | 1674–1720 | Yi Sun 이순 | King Hyeoneui Gwangyun Yeseong Yeongryeol Yumo Yeongun Hongin Jundeok Baecheon Habdo Gyehyu Dokgyung Jeongjung Hyeopgeuk Sineui Daehun Jangmun Heonmu Gyungmyung Wonhyo the Great 현의광윤예성영렬유모영운홍인준덕배천합도계휴독경정중협극신의대훈장문헌무경명원효대왕 | ||
| Gyeongjong | 1720–1724 | Yi Yun 이윤 | King Gakgong Deokmun Ikmu Sunin Seonhyo the Great 각공덕문익무순인선효대왕 | |||
| Yeongjo |  | 1724–1776 | Yi Geum 이금 | King Jangsun Jihaeng Sundeok Yeongmo Uiryeol Jang-ui Hong-yun Gwang-in Donhui Checheon Geon-geuk Seonggong Sinhwa Daeseong Gwang-un Gaetae Giyeong Yomyeong Suncheol Geon-geon Gonyeong Baemyeong Sutong Gyeongnyeok Honghyu Junghwa Yungdo Sukjang Changhun Jeongmun Seonmu Huigyeong Hyeonhyo the Great 장순지행순덕영모의렬장의홍윤광인돈희체천건극성공신화대성광운개태기영요명순철건건곤영배명수통경력홍휴중화융도숙장창훈정문선무희경현효대왕 | ||
| Jeongjo |  | 1776–1800 | Yi San 이산 | King Gyeongcheon Myeongdo Hongdeok Hyeonmo Munseong Muryeol Seongin Janghyo the Great 경천명도홍덕현모문성무렬성인장효대왕 | ||
| Sunjo |  | 1800–1834 | Yi Gong 이공 | King Seongak Yeondeok Hyeondo Gyeongin Sunhui Cheseong Eungmyeong Heumgwang Seokgyeong Gyecheon Baegeuk Yungwon Donhyu Euihaeng Soyun Huihwa Junryeol Daejung Jijeong Honghun Cheolmo Geonsi Taehyeong Changun Honggi Gomyeong Bakhu Ganggeon Sujeong Gyetong Suryeok Gongyu Beommun Anmu Jeongryeong Gyeongseong-hyo the Great 선각연덕현도경인순희체성응명흠광석경계천배극융원돈휴의행소윤희화준렬대중지정홍훈철모건시태형창운홍기고명박후강건수정계통수력공유범문안무정령경성효대왕 | ||
| Heonjong |  | 1834–1849 | Yi Hwan 이환 | King Jangsuk Chegeon Gyegeuk Jungjeong Gwangdae Jiseong Gwangdeok Hongun Janghwa Gyungmun Wimu Myeongin Cheolhyo the Great 장숙체건계극중정광대지성광덕홍운장화경문위무명인철효대왕 | ||
| Cheoljong |  | 1849–1864 | Yi Byeon 이변 | King Huiyun Jeonggeuk Sudeok Sunseong Heummyung Gwangdo Donwon Changhwa Munhyeon Museong Heonin Yeonghyo the Great 희윤정극수덕순성흠명광도돈원창화문현무성헌인영효대왕 | ||
| Gojong |  | 1864–1897 (1897–1907)2 | Yi Myeong-bok 이명복 | Gaeguk 개국 and Geonyang 건양 and Gwangmu 광무 | Emperor Tae 태황제 | |
The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe. See History of the Middle East and History of the Indian Subcontinent for further details on those regions.
East Asia generally encompasses the histories of China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Taiwan from prehistoric times to the present. Each of its countries has a different national history, but East Asian Studies scholars maintain that the region is also characterized by a distinct pattern of historical development. This is evident in the relationships among traditional East Asian civilizations, which not only involve the sum total of historical patterns but also a specific set of patterns that has affected all or most of traditional East Asia in successive layers.
The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began after 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age by 2000 BC, and the Iron Age around 700 BC. Similarly, according to The History of Korea, the Paleolithic people are not the direct ancestors of the present Korean people, but their direct ancestors are estimated to be the Neolithic People of about 2000 BC.
The 24th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC.
Temple names are posthumous titles accorded to monarchs of the Sinosphere for the purpose of ancestor worship. The practice of honoring monarchs with temple names began during the Shang dynasty in China and had since been adopted by other dynastic regimes in the Sinosphere, with the notable exception of Japan. Temple names should not be confused with era names (年號), regnal names (尊號) or posthumous names (謚號).
Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Korean identity. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also romanized as Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo; Goryeo was a successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo.
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others.
The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese political ideology that was used in Ancient China and Imperial China to legitimize the rule of the king or emperor of China. According to this doctrine, Heaven bestows its mandate on a virtuous ruler. This ruler, the Son of Heaven, was the supreme universal monarch, who ruled Tianxia. If a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy and had lost the mandate. It was also a common belief that natural disasters such as famine and flood were divine retributions bearing signs of Heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts following major disasters as the people saw these calamities as signs that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn.
The Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han dynasty established after it had conquered Wiman Joseon in 108 BC and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313. The Lelang Commandery extended the rule of the Four Commanderies of Han as far south as the Han River in present-day South Korea. South Korean scholars have described its administrative areas as being limited to the Pyongan and Hwanghae regions, whose southern bounds lie roughly 75 miles north of the Han River.
Joseon, officially Great Joseon State, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amnok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located between the mouths of the Daliao River in the west and the Yalu River in the east, and encompasses the territories of the whole sub-provincial city of Dalian and parts of prefectural cities of Yingkou, Anshan and Dandong.
Lee, I, or Yi (이) is the second-most-common surname in Korea, behind Kim (김). As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were 7,306,828 people by this name in South Korea or 14.7% of the population.
The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, often abbreviated as the sillok, are state-compiled and published records documenting the reigns of the kings of Joseon. Kept from 1392 to 1865, they comprise 1,893 volumes and are thought to be the longest continual documentation of a single dynasty in the world. The records of the last two monarchs are believed to have been tampered with during the Japanese colonial rule. Excluding the records of the last two kings, the sillok is designated as the 151st national treasure of South Korea and listed in UNESCO's Memory of the World registry.
Toghon Temür, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Shun of Yuan bestowed by the Ming dynasty, was the last emperor of the Yuan dynasty and later the first emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is also considered the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire. He was a son of Kusala.
Son of Heaven, or Tianzi, was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign. It originated with the Zhou dynasty and was founded on the political and spiritual doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven. Since the Qin dynasty, the secular imperial title of the Son of Heaven was "Huangdi".
Park, also spelled as Pak or Bak is the third-most common surname in Korea, traditionally traced back to 1st century King Hyeokgeose Park and theoretically inclusive of all of his descendants. Park or Bak is usually assumed to come from the Korean noun Bak (박), meaning "gourd". As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were 4,192,074 people with the name in South Korea, or roughly 8.4% of the population.
The history of Sino-Korean relations dates back to prehistoric times.
Li or Lee is a common Chinese surname, it is the 4th name listed in the famous Hundred Family Surnames. Li is one of the most common surnames in Asia, shared by 92.76 million people in China, and more than 100 million in Asia. It is the second-most common surname in China as of 2018, the second-most common surname in Hong Kong, the most common surname in Macau and the 5th most common surname in Taiwan, where it is usually romanized as "Lee". The surname is pronounced as in Cantonese, Lí (poj) in Taiwanese Hokkien, but is often spelled as "Lee" in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Thailand and many overseas Chinese communities. In Macau, it is also spelled as "Lei". In Indonesia it is commonly spelled as "Lie". The common Korean surname, "Lee", and the Vietnamese surname, "Lý", are both derived from Li and written with the same Chinese character (李). The character also means "plum" or "plum tree".
Manchuria under Yuan rule refers to the Yuan dynasty's rule over Manchuria, corresponding to modern Manchuria and Outer Manchuria, from 1271 to 1368. Mongol rule over Manchuria was established after the Mongol Empire's conquest of the Jin dynasty and the Eastern Xia dynasty in the early 13th century. It became a part of the Yuan dynasty of China led by Kublai Khan in 1271. During the Yuan, it was administered as Liaoyang province. Even after the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty by the Ming dynasty in 1368, Manchuria was still controlled by the Northern Yuan dynasty for almost 20 years, until it was conquered by the Ming during its campaign against Naghachu and put under Ming rule.
The following is a family tree of Korean monarchs.
