Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty

Last updated

The king himself rode a horse and shot arrows at a deer. However, the horse stumbled, causing him to fall off, but he was not injured. Looking around, he said, "Do not let the historians know about this." [13] [lower-alpha 2]

— The Veritable Records of Taejong, Vol. 7, article 4

The historian present defied King Taejong's order and ensured that not only the king’s fall but also his wish to keep it off the record were documented. [12]

The records are written in Classical Chinese. [2] [9] The records of the first three kings of the Joseon dynasty—Taejo (r. 1392–1398), Jeongjong (r. 1399–1400), and Taejong (r. 1401–1418)—were handwritten. The records of Sejong (r. 1418–1450) and later kings were printed using movable type, some wooden and others metal. Korea is the first nation in East Asia to have printed its royal records using movable type. [9]

History

Beginning in 1445, they began creating three additional copies of the records, which they distributed at various locations around Korea for safekeeping: the Chunchugwan office in Seoul, Chungju County, Jeonju County, and Seongju County. Despite this precaution, during the 1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea, all repositories were destroyed, except for the one in Jeonju. The Jeonju records narrowly escaped being destroyed by fire and were only saved by the private initiative of several scholars. After the war, the government began maintaining five repositories at Chunchugwan, Mount Myohyang, Taebaeksan, Odaesan, and Manisan. [14]

The 1624 Yi Gwal's Rebellion resulted in the destruction of the Chunchugwan repository. It was not replaced; they ultimately returned to printing four copies of the records and storing them at the other repositories. The Mount Myohyang copy was moved to Jeoksangsan in 1633. Part of the Manisan collection was lost during the 1636 Qing invasion of Joseon, and the surviving volumes moved to Jeongjok-san on Ganghwa Island in 1678. [14]

During the 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period, the records went under the control of the Japanese colonial government. The Jeongjoksan and Taebaeksan repositories were transferred to the holdings of Keijō Imperial University in Seoul. The Odae-san copies were taken to Tokyo Imperial University in Japan. There, they were mostly destroyed during the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. The remaining 46 volumes in Japan were not returned to Korea until 2006. [14]

The annals of the last two Joseon rulers, Veritable Records of Gojong  [ ko ] and Veritable Records of Sunjong  [ ko ], are controversial and considered by modern South Korean historians to lack the imparitality of the other sources. This is because Japanese officials interfered in their creation and curation. They are thus considered relatively separate from the other records, and are not included in the National Treasures of South Korea or UNESCO's Memory of the World register. [15] [2] [16] [17]

Around the liberation of Korea, the Jeoksangsan copies were partially looted during the instability; there are reportedly uncertain rumors that some of these copies were actually taken during the 1950–1953 Korean War to North Korea. [14] The Jeongjoksan and Taebaeksan records were still held in the collection Kyujanggak, at Seoul National University (the successor to Keijō Imperial University). In the 1980s, the Taebaeksan copies were moved to the National Archives of Korea, Busan Center. [14]

List

Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
Joseon Wangjo Sillok and its case in museum.jpg
Veritable Records of Jeongjo
List of records [14] [18]
English Hangul Hanja # volumes
(gwon)		# books
(chaek)		MonarchStart of compilationNotes
1 Veritable Records of Taejo  [ ko ]태조실록太祖實錄153 Taejo
(r. 1392–1398)		1413
2 Veritable Records of Jeongjong  [ ko ]정종실록定宗實錄61 Jeongjong
(r. 1398–1400)		1426
3 Veritable Records of Taejong  [ ko ]태종실록太宗實錄3616 Taejong
(r. 1400–1418)		1431
4 Veritable Records of Sejong  [ ko ]세종실록世宗實錄16367 Sejong
(r. 1418–1450)		1454
5 Veritable Records of Munjong  [ ko ]문종실록文宗實錄136 Munjong
(r. 1450–1452)		1455
6 Veritable Records of Danjong  [ ko ]단종실록端宗實錄146 Danjong
(r. 1452–1455)		1469Changed name from Diary of Nosangun
(노산군일기, 魯山君日記) in 1698.
7 Veritable Records of Sejo  [ ko ]세조실록世祖實錄4918 Sejo
(r. 1455–1468)		1471
8 Veritable Records of Yejong  [ ko ]예종실록睿宗實錄83 Yejong
(r. 1468–1469)		1472
9 Veritable Records of Seongjong  [ ko ]성종실록成宗實錄29747 Seongjong
(r. 1469–1494)		1499
10 Diary of Yeonsangun  [ ko ]연산군일기燕山君日記6317 Yeonsangun
(r. 1494–1506)		1509
11 Veritable Records of Jungjong  [ ko ]중종실록中宗實錄10553 Jungjong
(r. 1506–1544)		1550
12 Veritable Records of Injong  [ ko ]인종실록仁宗實錄22 Injong
(r. 1544–1545)		1550
13 Veritable Records of Myeongjong  [ ko ]명종실록明宗實錄3421 Myeongjong
(r. 1545–1567)		1571
14 Veritable Records of Seonjo  [ ko ]선조실록宣祖實錄221116 Seonjo
(r. 1567–1608)		1616
Revised Veritable Records of Seonjo선조수정실록宣祖修訂實錄4281657
15 Diary of Gwanghaegun  [ ko ]광해군일기光海君日記18764 Gwanghaegun
(r. 1608–1623)		1633
187401653
16 Veritable Records of Injo  [ ko ]인조실록仁祖實錄5050 Injo
(r. 1623–1649)		1653
17 Veritable Records of Hyojong  [ ko ]효종실록孝宗實錄2122 Hyojong
(r. 1649–1659)		1661
18 Veritable Records of Hyeonjong  [ ko ]현종실록顯宗實錄2223 Hyeonjong
(r. 1659–1674)		1677
Revised Veritable Records of Hyeonjong  [ ko ]현종개수실록顯宗改修實錄28291683
19 Veritable Records of Sukjong  [ ko ]숙종실록肅宗實錄6573 Sukjong
(r. 1674–1720)		1728
20 Veritable Records of Gyeongjong  [ ko ]경종실록景宗實錄157 Gyeongjong
(r. 1720–1724)		1732
Revised Veritable Records of Gyeongjong경종수정실록景宗修訂實錄531781
21 Veritable Records of Yeongjo  [ ko ]영조실록英祖實錄12783 Yeongjo
(r. 1724–1776)		1781Renamed from Veritable Records of Yeongjong
(영종실록, 英宗實錄) in 1899.
22 Veritable Records of Jeongjo  [ ko ]정조실록正祖實錄5456 Jeongjo
(r. 1776–1800)		1805Renamed from Veritable Records of Jeongjong
(정종실록, 正宗實錄) in 1899.
23 Veritable Records of Sunjo  [ ko ]순조실록純祖實錄3436 Sunjo
(r. 1800–1834)		1838Renamed from Veritable Records of Sunjong
(순종실록, 純宗實錄) in 1899.
24 Veritable Records of Heonjong  [ ko ]헌종실록憲宗實錄169 Heonjong
(r. 1834–1849)		1851
25 Veritable Records of Cheoljong  [ ko ]철종실록哲宗實錄159 Cheoljong
(r. 1849–1864)		1865
26 Veritable Records of Gojong  [ ko ]고종실록高宗實錄5252 Gojong
(r. 1864–1907)		1934Often excluded from the collection
by Korean academics.
27 Veritable Records of Sunjong  [ ko ]순종실록純宗實錄228 Sunjong
(r. 1907–1910)		1934

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ South Korean name: 조선왕조실록;朝鮮王朝實錄. North Korean name: 조선봉건왕조실록. Sometimes called Sillok (실록) for short. Also translated as Annals of the Joseon Dynasty or the True Record of the Joseon Dynasty. Alternate name Veritable Records of the Yi Dynasty (이조실록;李朝實錄). [2]
  2. ↑ 친히 활과 화살을 가지고 말을 달려 노루를 쏘다가 말이 거꾸러짐으로 인하여 말에서 떨어졌으나 상하지는 않았다. 좌우를 돌아보며 말하기를, "사관(史官)이 알게 하지 말라." 하였다.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sejong the Great</span> Fourth king of Joseon from 1418 to 1450

Sejong, personal name Yi Do, commonly known as Sejong the Great, was the fourth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Korean history, and is remembered as the inventor of Hangul, the native alphabet of the Korean language.

Kim is the most common surname in Korea. As of the 2015 South Korean census, there were 10,689,959 people by this name in South Korea or 21.5% of the population. Although the surname is always pronounced the same, dozens of different family clans use it. The clan system in Korea is unique from the surname systems of other countries. Kim is written as 김 in both North and South Korea. The hanja for Kim, 金, can also be transliterated as 금 which means 'gold, metal, iron'. While romanized as Kim by 99.3% of the population, other rare variant romanizations such as Gim, Ghim, and Kin consist of the remaining 0.6%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taejo of Joseon</span> Founding king of Joseon from 1392 to 1398

Taejo, personal name Yi Sŏng-gye, later Yi Tan, was the founder and first monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, he ascended to the throne in 1392 and abdicated six years later during a strife between his sons. He was honored as Emperor Go following the establishment of the Korean Empire.

The Ōei Invasion, also known as the Gihae Expedition, was a 1419 Joseon invasion of Tsushima Island, which is located in the middle of the Tsushima Strait between the Korean Peninsula and Kyushu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeongjo of Joseon</span> 22nd king of Joseon from 1776 to 1800

Jeongjo, personal name Yi San, sometimes called Jeongjo the Great, was the 22nd monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Crown Prince Sado and Lady Hyegyeong, and succeeded his grandfather, King Yeongjo, in 1776. Today, Jeongjo is remembered for his various efforts to reform and improve the nation.

<i>Goryeosa</i> A comprehensive historical record of the Goryeo dynasty compiled by officials of the Joseon dynasty

Goryeosa, or History of Goryeo, is an extensive historical record of the Goryeo dynasty, compiled by the officials of Goryeo's successor state, Joseon. Its compilation started during the reign of Taejo, was completed under Munjong, and was first printed under Danjong. Goryeosa consists of 139 volumes and stylistically follows Chinese historiography where sections are organized by their purpose. The section compiling the annals of the kings, sega narrates the history of Goryeo kings. The monograph section, ji, contains "accounts of the politics, economics, personnel, geography, astronomy, and other topics related to Goryeo society." The biographies section, yeoljeon, describes notable officials. The chronology section, yeonpyo lists the names of kings and their reigns. The listing section, mongnok, is the table of contents of the entire compilation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyujanggak</span> Former Korean royal library

Kyujanggak, also known as Gyujanggak, was the royal library of the Joseon Dynasty. It was founded in 1776 by order of King Jeongjo of Joseon, at which time it was located on the grounds of Changdeokgung Palace. Today known as Kyujanggak Royal Library, the Kyujanggak Archives are maintained by Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at the Seoul National University, located in Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu in Seoul. The archive functions as a key repository of Korean historical records and a centre for research and publication of an annual journal titled Kyujanggak.

The Ming Veritable Records or Ming Shilu, contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source for the dynasty. According to modern historians, it "plays an extremely important role in the historical reconstruction of Ming society and politics." After the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Ming Veritable Records was used as a primary source for the compilation of the History of Ming by the Qing dynasty.

Yeo Ui-son was a Korean civil minister (munsin) and diplomat from the Hamyang Yeo clan during the early period of the Joseon dynasty. Yeo served as the first governor (moksa) of the Jeju Island and a Jeonseo (minister). He also was sent to Japan as a diplomat representing Joseon.

Grand Prince Yangnyeong was the former Crown Prince of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was the first son of King Taejong and his wife, Queen Wongyeong. Yangnyeong was the elder brother of Sejong the Great, and an ancestor of Syngman Rhee, an independence activist and the first President of South Korea.

Princess Yi Gu-ji was a Joseon Dynasty princess, writer, artist, and poet. She was forced to commit suicide after it was discovered that she had cohabited with a slave after being widowed.

Chunchugwan was a government office during the Joseon dynasty. It refers to the office for recording history. During the Goryeo dynasty, it was known as Yemun Chunchugwan or Munhanseo, but the name was changed in 1401 after the foundation of the Joseon dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association</span> Organization in South Korea

The Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association is a family association from South Korea, and it was founded by the Jeonju Yi (Lee) clan, the household of Joseon and the Korean Empire, which were the ruling house of the whole Korea. The association originated from several national institutions of Joseon dynasty, and its recent main activities, after the World War II, include holding annual Jongmyo jerye, the worship rites of the royal ancestors, and compiling genealogy books of the descendants from the House of Yi.

Grand Internal Princess Consort Yongseong, or Grand Internal Princess Consort Yeongwon, of the Yongdam Yeom clan, was a member of Joseon's royal family as the secondary consort of Grand Internal Prince Jeongye. She was also the biological mother of King Cheoljong of Joseon and received her title after her son's ascension to the throne.

Royal Noble Consort Sukof the Namyang Hong clan was a concubine of King Munjong of Joseon.

Queen Gyeongsun of the Munju Park clan was the first wife of Yi Chun and mother of Yi Jachun who would become Joseon's founder, Yi Seonggye's father. She was posthumously honoured as Queen Gyeong at first.

Queen Hyogong of the Pyeongchang Yi clan was the wife Yi Ansa and mother of Yi Haengni, making her became great-grandmother to Yi Jachun who was the father of Yi Seonggye, Joseon's founder. Among the Joseon queens, she was the only one who came from the Yi clan and honoured as Hyo-Bi at first.

Yi Hwa (1348–1408) or Grand Prince Uian, was a warrior and scholar in the late Goryeo period who became part of the early Joseon dynasty royal family as the fourth son of Yi Cha-ch'un, making him a younger half-brother to Yi Sŏng-gye, its founder.

Grand Internal Princess Consort Wanyang, of the Jeonju Choi clan, was a member of the Joseon royal family, as the legitimate wife of Grand Internal Prince Jeongye. As the primary consort, she became the adoptive mother of King Cheoljong of Joseon and was given the royal title after his ascension. She also bore Jeongye a son, Prince Hoepyeong.

Prince Euneon, personal name Yi In, was a royal prince of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the grandfather of the 25th King of Joseon, King Cheoljong. After the death of Crown Prince Sado, he was exiled to Ganghwa Island. He was later executed in the 1801 Catholic Purge, due to having a Roman Catholic wife.

References

  1. ↑ "력사에 류례없는 구출작전". Uriminzokkiri (in Korean). Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. 1 2 3 "Origins of and system for Sillok compilation". sillok.history.go.kr. National Institute of Korean History . Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  3. ↑ "E-Annals Bring Chosun History to Everyman". The Chosun Ilbo . 27 January 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
  4. ↑ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  5. ↑ Lee, Sun-min; Ha, Hyun-ock (16 January 2012). "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty to be translated". Korea Joongang Daily . Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  6. 1 2 Ch'oe, Yŏng-ho (1980). "An Outline History of Korean Historiography". Korean Studies. 4 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1353/ks.1980.0003.
  7. 1 2 Pae, Hyŏn-suk (2002). Chosŏn sillok yŏnʼgu sŏsŏl. Taegu Kwangyŏksi: Tʻaeilsa. ISBN   9788989023210.
  8. 1 2 Kang, Munsik (December 2016). "The reassessment of the common views of the studies on Sillok(實錄)". Kyujanggak. null (49): 247–278. doi:10.22943/kyujg.2016..49.006.
  9. 1 2 3 "Summary of the Annals of the Choson Dynasty". National Institute of Korean History. Archived from the original on 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  10. ↑ "Joseon wangjo sillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty)". Cultural Heritage Administration - English Site. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  11. ↑ "King Tries To Read Records Of Taejong But Subjects Object". Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. National Institute of Korean History. 사관이 죽음을 면치 못하게 되면 여러 신하들은 임금의 뜻에 순응하여 제몸을 완전하게 하려 하지 않을 자가 없을 것이니, 천년 후에는 무엇을 믿겠습니까
  12. 1 2 Seong Kuk Park, Eun Ju Lee and Jin Wan Park (2016). "Visual History with Choson Dynasty Annals" (PDF). Leonardo. 49 (4): 335. doi:10.1162/LEON_a_01286. S2CID   57571102.
  13. ↑ "조선왕조실록". Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 신, 해순, "조선왕조실록 (朝鮮王朝實錄)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies , retrieved 2024-06-03
  15. ↑ "About the Annals of Last Two Emperors of the Choson Dynasty". National Institute of Korean History. Archived from the original on 2015-05-28. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  16. ↑ Yu Seok-jae (유석재) (2007-01-14). "고종·순종실록의 '찜찜한' 인터넷 공개". The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  17. ↑ Jae-un Kang; Suzanne Lee; Sook Pyo Lee (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Homa & Sekey Books. pp. 218–219. ISBN   1-931907-30-7.
  18. ↑ "자료열람". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.