| Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | 26 August 1980 Berlin, Germany | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Steffen Landgraf (born 26 August 1980 in Berlin) is a former German long jumper / decathlete and an active scientist in forensic psychiatry and clinical neuroscience.
Between 1998 and 2004, Steffen competed for the LG Nike Berlin. In 2001, he won the German championship title with the 4 × 200 m relay at the Deutsche Leichtathletik-Hallenmeisterschaften 2001|German Indoor Championships in Dortmund (together with Ronny Ostwald, Ralf Riester und Kofi Amoah Prah). He also won the bronze medal with the 4 × 400 m relay in Dortmund 2001. [1] His is also a German decathlon team champion, winning at the German outdoor multi-events championships in Vaterstetten in 2004 (together with the 2006 Indoor Heptathlon World Champion André Niklaus und Marian Geisler). [2]
On 4 June 2001 he jumped his career best of 7.84m (25 ft 8+1⁄2in) in Wesel, Germany, and qualified for the U23-European Championships in Amsterdam, where he finished 15th. [3] In 2001, he won the German U23 title in the 4 × 100 m relay (together with Tobias Samberg, Kai Doskoszynski und Ralf Riester) and the U23 Silver medal in the long jump at the German U23-Championship in Schweinfurt. [4] He also was German junior champion with the 4 × 100 m relay at the German U20-Championships in Duisburg in 1999 and at the German U18-Championships in Lüdenscheid in 1997. He won the bronze medal in the long jump in Duisburg in 1999 [5] and placed 4th in the long jump at the German U20-Championships in Berlin in 1998 and 8th at the German U18-Championships in Lüdenscheid in 1997.
During his active time, Steffen Landgraf was coached by Klaus Beer, the former Olympic Silver medalist in the long jump in Mexico City in 1969, and Rainer Pottel, the former Olympian in the decathlon in Moscow in 1980.
From 2001 to 2004, Steffen was part of the Track and Field Team at the University of Minnesota, with whom he won the "Outdoor Big Ten Championships". In the 2003 Big Ten Conference Meeting, he was elected the runner-up in the long jump, placing second. [6] During his time in Minneapolis, he was trained by Phil Lundin [7] and former NCAA decathlon champion Mario Sategna. [8]
In 2004, Steffen Landgraf ended his Track and Field career. Today, he is a voluntary coach at the LG Telis Finanz Regensburg.
Steffen Landgraf is the son of Monika Zehrt, the German two-time Olympic champion from Munich 1972 and former world record holder in the 400m dash and the 4 × 400 m relay.
Steffen Landgraf went to Coubertin Gymnasium in Berlin until 2000. From 2001 to 2004, he studied psychology and Spanish in the B.A. honors' program of the University of Minnesota, USA. From 2004 to 2007, he studied psychology at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
In 2010, he obtained his doctoral degree ("summa cum laude") in clinical neuroscience in a binational Ph.D. program from the Sorbonne Université Paris, France, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. His supervisors were Marie-Odile Krebs (F) and Elke van der Meer (GER). The topic of his dissertation was: "Cognitive markers in early psychosis: reference frames in spatial cognition and visual scanning-strategies as stage markers in schizophrenia". [9]
Three years later at the age of 33 years, Steffen obtained assistant professorship (Habilitation) at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. His habilitation topic was: "The evolution of problems lies within the acting individual". [10] He is author of multiple international English peer-reviewed scientific articles on topics of schizophrenia, creativity, and intelligence. His theory on the association between visual dysfunctions and the risk of developing psychotic symptoms was published in the Open-Access-Journal Frontiers in Psychology in 2013. The "Protection Against Schizophrenia" Model [11] gained large scientific attention, because it postulates mechanisms of how congenital blindness protects against the development of psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia.
Steffen Landgraf has obtained numerous awards for his scientific achievements. The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry [12] and the International Symposium on Schizophrenia. [13] awarded Steffen Landgraf their prestigious Young Scientist Awards in Paris, France, 2009 and in Berne, Switzerland, 2010, respectively. Since 2012, Steffen Landgraf works as a permanent lecturer at the Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the Universität Regensburg at the Bezirksklinikum Regensburg.
Dementia praecox is a disused psychiatric diagnosis that originally designated a chronic, deteriorating psychotic disorder characterized by rapid cognitive disintegration, usually beginning in the late teens or early adulthood. Over the years, the term dementia praecox was gradually replaced by schizophrenia, which remains in current diagnostic use.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized thinking. Other symptoms include social withdrawal, decreased emotional expression, and apathy. Symptoms typically develop gradually, begin during young adulthood, and in many cases never become resolved. There is no objective diagnostic test; the diagnosis is used to describe observed behavior that may stem from numerous different causes. Besides observed behavior, doctors will also take a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person, when making a diagnosis. To diagnose someone with schizophrenia, doctors are supposed to confirm that symptoms and functional impairment are present for six months (DSM-5) or one month (ICD-11). Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Paul Eugen Bleuler was a Swiss psychiatrist and humanist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness. He coined several psychiatric terms including "schizophrenia", "schizoid", "autism", depth psychology and what Sigmund Freud called "Bleuler's happily chosen term ambivalence".
Anosognosia is a condition in which a person with a disability is cognitively unaware of having it due to an underlying physical or psychological condition. Anosognosia can result from physiological damage to brain structures, typically to the parietal lobe or a diffuse lesion on the fronto-temporal-parietal area in the right hemisphere, and is thus a neuropsychiatric disorder. A deficit of self-awareness, it was first named by the neurologist Joseph Babinski in 1914. Phenomenologically, anosognosia has similarities to denial, which is a psychological defense mechanism; attempts have been made at a unified explanation. Anosognosia is sometimes accompanied by asomatognosia, a form of neglect in which patients deny ownership of body parts such as their limbs. The term is from Ancient Greek ἀ- a-, 'without', νόσος nosos, 'disease' and γνῶσις gnōsis, 'knowledge'. It is also considered a disorder that makes the treatment of the patient more difficult, since it may affect negatively the therapeutic relationship.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines, catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure. In humans, catechol-O-methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene. Two isoforms of COMT are produced: the soluble short form (S-COMT) and the membrane bound long form (MB-COMT). As the regulation of catecholamines is impaired in a number of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical drugs target COMT to alter its activity and therefore the availability of catecholamines. COMT was first discovered by the biochemist Julius Axelrod in 1957.
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event. Spatial memory is necessary for orientation in space. Spatial memory can also be divided into egocentric and allocentric spatial memory. A person's spatial memory is required to navigate around a familiar city. A rat's spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of a maze. In both humans and animals, spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map.
Biological psychiatry or biopsychiatry is an approach to psychiatry that aims to understand mental disorder in terms of the biological function of the nervous system. It is interdisciplinary in its approach and draws on sciences such as neuroscience, psychopharmacology, biochemistry, genetics, epigenetics and physiology to investigate the biological bases of behavior and psychopathology. Biopsychiatry is the branch of medicine which deals with the study of the biological function of the nervous system in mental disorders.
Autoscopy is the experience in which an individual perceives the surrounding environment from a different perspective, from a position outside of their own body. Autoscopy comes from the ancient Greek autós and skopós.
An auditory hallucination, or paracusia, is a form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus.
Risk factors of schizophrenia include many genetic and environmental phenomena. The prevailing model of schizophrenia is that of a special neurodevelopmental disorder with no precise boundary or single cause. Schizophrenia is thought to develop from very complex gene–environment interactions with vulnerability factors. The interactions of these risk factors are intricate, as numerous and diverse medical insults from conception to adulthood can be involved. The combination of genetic and environmental factors leads to deficits in the neural circuits that affect sensory input and cognitive functions. Historically, this theory has been broadly accepted but impossible to prove given ethical limitations. The first definitive proof that schizophrenia arises from multiple biological changes in the brain was recently established in human tissue grown from patient stem cells, where the complexity of disease was found to be "even more complex than currently accepted" due to cell-by-cell encoding of schizophrenia-related neuropathology.
The management of schizophrenia usually involves many aspects including psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to recovery, and reducing the impact of schizophrenia on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity.
Vittorio Gallese is professor of Psychobiology at the University of Parma, Italy, and was professor in Experimental Aesthetics at the University of London, UK (2016-2018). He is an expert in neurophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, social neuroscience, and philosophy of mind. Gallese is one of the discoverers of mirror neurons. His research attempts to elucidate the functional organization of brain mechanisms underlying social cognition, including action understanding, empathy, language, mindreading and aesthetic experience.
Philip Holzman (1922–2004) was the Esther and Sidney R. Rabb Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University and one of the world’s preeminent scientists in schizophrenia research. His landmark studies of oculomotor function documented the presence of abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in individuals with schizophrenia and their clinically unaffected biological relatives. He was one of the first to investigate the genetic basis of schizophrenia. Another key contribution to the study of schizophrenia was his work on language and thought disorder in individuals with schizophrenia. He also discovered the presence of an active short-term memory deficit in people with schizophrenia and their biological relatives.
Zinc finger protein 804A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF804A gene. The human gene maps to chromosome 2 q32.1 and consists of 4 exons that code for a protein of 1210 amino acids.
Sonepiprazole (U-101,387, PNU-101,387-G) is a drug of the phenylpiperazine class which acts as a highly selective D4 receptor antagonist. In animals, unlike D2 receptor antagonists like haloperidol, sonepiprazole does not block the behavioral effects of amphetamine or apomorphine, does not alter spontaneous locomotor activity on its own, and lacks extrapyramidal and neuroendocrine effects. However, it does reverse the prepulse inhibition deficits induced by apomorphine, and has also been shown to enhance cortical activity and inhibit stress-induced cognitive impairment. As a result, it was investigated as an antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia in a placebo-controlled clinical trial, but in contrast to its comparator olanzapine no benefits were found and it was not researched further for this indication.
The Kraepelinian dichotomy is the division of the major endogenous psychoses into the disease concepts of dementia praecox, which was reformulated as schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler by 1908, and manic-depressive psychosis, which has now been reconceived as bipolar disorder. This division was formally introduced in the sixth edition of Emil Kraepelin's psychiatric textbook Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studirende und Aerzte, published in 1899. It has been highly influential on modern psychiatric classification systems, the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10, and is reflected in the taxonomic separation of schizophrenia from affective psychosis. However, there is also a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder to cover cases that seem to show symptoms of both.
Sex differences in schizophrenia are widely reported. Men and women exhibit different rates of incidence and prevalence, age at onset, symptom expression, course of illness, and response to treatment. Reviews of the literature suggest that understanding the implications of sex differences on schizophrenia may help inform individualized treatment and positively affect outcomes.
Andreas Heinz is a German psychiatrist and neurologist.
Metacognitive training, (MCT), is an approach for treating the symptoms of psychosis in schizophrenia, especially delusions, which has been adapted for other disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and borderline over the years. It was developed by Steffen Moritz and Todd Woodward. The intervention is based on the theoretical principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, but focuses in particular on problematic thinking styles that are associated with the development and maintenance of positive symptoms; e.g. overconfidence in errors and jumping to conclusions. Metacognitive training exists as a group training (MCT) and as an individualized intervention (MCT+).
Georg Winterer is a German entrepreneur, neuroscientist and specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapy. He is an Associate Professor at the Charité – University Medicine Berlin, director of the Neuroimaging Research Group in the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) at the Charité – University Medicine Berlin. He is the founder and managing director of the Berlin PI Solutions Group GmbH.
| General | |
|---|---|
| National libraries | |
| Other | |
