The Paraíba do Sul, or simply termed Paraíba, is a river in southeast Brazil. It flows 1,137 km (706 mi) west to northeast from its farthest source at the source of the river Paraitinga to the sea near Campos dos Goytacazes. The river receives its name when it meets the river Paraibuna at the Paraibuna dam.
Steindachneridion is a genus of South American pimelodid catfish.
Lepthoplosternum tordilho is a species of catfish of the family Callichthyidae that is found in the lower Jacui River drainage in southern Brazil.
Parancistrus nudiventris is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Xingu River. This species grows to a length of 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in) SL.
Spectracanthicus punctatissimus is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Xingu River basin. This species grows to a length of 10.6 centimetres (4.2 in) SL.
Harttia rhombocephala is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Farias River basin.
Pareiorhina carrancas is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil. It was discovered in the Debaixo da Serra, a headwater stream with clear, cold and moderate to fast flowing water of the Rio Grande basin in the State of Minas Gerais of southeastern Brazil. This species grows to a length of 4.12 centimetres (1.62 in) SL.
Pareiorhina rudolphi is a species of armored catfish endemic to Brazil where it occurs in the Paraíba do Sul River near Lorena, São Paulo State, Brazil. This species grows to a length of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) TL.
Otocinclus mura is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known only from the Amazon River basin in Brazil. It is a small loricariid, although it is not particularly small when compared with other Otocinclus species, reaching 3.6 cm SL. While it is known to appear in the aquarium trade, it does not have a widely used common name.
Ancistrus ranunculus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Xingu River, Trombetas River and the Tocantins River in Brazil. It inhabits areas with clear water and without strong currents, and it is known to inhabit narrow cracks in submerged rocks, small passages, and spaces below flat rocks. The species is large for a member of Ancistrus, reaching 19.5 cm (7.7 in) in total length. It sometimes appears in the aquarium trade, where it is one of several species known as a medusa pleco, although it may be referred to by its L-number, L034.
Glanidium albescens is a species of driftwood catfish in the family Auchenipteridae. It is found in the Das Velhas River basin in Brazil.
Glanidium ribeiroi is a species of driftwood catfish in the family Auchenipteridae. It is found in the Iguaçu River basin in South America.
Glanidium botocudo is a species of driftwood catfish in the family Auchenipteridae. It is found in coastal rivers systems, such as the Rio Doce and the Rio Mucuri in Brazil.
Glanidium melanopterum is a species of driftwood catfish in the family Auchenipteridae. It is found in the Piquete of São Paulo, Brazil.
Glanidium cesarpintoi is a species of driftwood catfish in the family Auchenipteridae. It is found in the Mogi-guassú River basin of São Paulo, Brazil.
Leporinus melanopleura is a species of anostomid fish. It is found in the Amazon River basin in South America.
Ancistomus snethlageae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Tapajós basin in Brazil. The species reaches 22 cm (8.7 in) in total length. Although originally described as a species of Ancistrus in 1911 by Franz Steindachner and subsequently reclassified in the genera Hemiancistrus, Lasiancistrus, and Peckoltia, a 2015 review conducted by Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, and Milton Tan listed the species as valid within Ancistomus.
Loricaria pumila is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, being known from Brazil, where it occurs in the Amazon River basin, near the mouths of the Tapajós and the Pará River, including the lower Tocantins River. It is reportedly typically found at depths between 3 and 29 m and distances of 15 to 1,500 m from the shoreline, in environments characterized by a substrate of silt and organic detritus. An analysis of the stomach contents of a single individual found evidence of feeding on insects and aquatic insect larvae, as well as sand and detritus. The species reaches 8.1 cm (3.2 in) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, pumila, is derived from Latin and means "dwarf", referring to the small adult size of the species.
Loricaria spinulifera is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Rio Negro basin in Brazil, including the Branco River and the Jauaperi River. It is typically seen in deep channels of blackwater rivers, where it is usually found at depths of 1.5 to 28 m and distances of 10 to 750 m from the shoreline. The environments in which the species occurs are characterized by substrates composed of sand, mud, and organic debris. Individuals of the species collected from deeper water tend to have smaller eyes and less prominent patterning than those collected from shallower areas. An analysis of the stomach contents of a single individual found evidence of feeding on aquatic insect larvae, as well as sand and detritus. The species reaches 13.8 cm (5.4 in) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. Its specific epithet, spinulifera, is derived from Latin and means "spine-bearing", referring to the conspicuous thorn-like odontodes found on its head.
Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Pomba River and the Paraíba do Sul in Brazil. It is typically found in small streams with moderate to fast flow, margins covered in aquatic vegetation, and a substrate composed of rocks and sand. It is known to occur alongside the species Geophagus brasiliensis and Neoplecostomus microps, as well as members of the genera Astyanax, Characidium, Harttia, Imparfinis, and Trichomycterus. The species reaches 3.9 cm (1.5 in) in standard length.
