Steven Novella

Last updated

Steven Novella
Steve Novella 715 (cropped).jpg
Novella in 2013
Born
Steven Paul Novella

(1964-07-29) July 29, 1964 (age 60)
Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.
Alma mater Georgetown University
Known for
Scientific career
Fields Clinical neurology
Institutions Yale School of Medicine
Medical career
ProfessionNeurology
Sub-specialtiesBotulinum therapy, ALS/myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular disorders, general neurology, neurophysiology
ResearchALS, myasthenia gravis, neuropathy, and erythromelalgia
AwardsRobert P. Balles Prize for Critical Thinking
Website theness.com/neurologicablog

Steven Paul Novella (born July 29, 1964) is an American clinical neurologist and associate professor at Yale University School of Medicine. [1] Novella is best known for his involvement in the skeptical movement as a host of The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe podcast and as the president of the New England Skeptical Society. He is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI).

Contents

Early life and education

Novella was born July 29, 1964[ citation needed ] to Joseph Novella and Patricia Novella née Danbury. [2] He was raised in New Fairfield, Connecticut, and has four siblings. [3] Novella considered becoming a lawyer prior to attending college but decided to go into medicine as a teenager. [4] As an undergraduate, he pursued premed and science. [4]

In 1991, Novella earned a medical degree from Georgetown University School of Medicine. He spent the first year of residency at Georgetown University Hospital/Washington Hospital Center in internal medicine. He completed his residency in neurology at Yale–New Haven Hospital in 1995. [5] Novella was board certified in neurology in 1998. [6]

Novella's academic specialization is in neurology, including more specifically, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myasthenia gravis and neuromuscular disorders, neurophysiology, and the treatment of hyperactive neurological disorders. [1] [7]

Career

Skepticism and critical thinking

There is no skepticism without science and the scientific method. It's about how we know what we know.

—Steven Novella [8]

Novella is a proponent of scientific skepticism. In 1996 Novella, his brother Bob, and Perry DeAngelis founded The Connecticut Skeptical Society. [3] The group began to organize in late 1995, when DeAngelis and Novella noticed a lack of listings for their area in Skeptical Inquirer magazine. [9] [3]

The group later joined with the Skeptical Inquirers of New England (SINE) and the New Hampshire Skeptical Resource to form the New England Skeptical Society (NESS). Novella has served as the president of the NESS since inception. [10]

Novella defines a skeptic as:

... one who prefers beliefs and conclusions that are reliable and valid to ones that are comforting or convenient, and therefore rigorously and openly applies the methods of science and reason to all empirical claims, especially their own. A skeptic provisionally proportions acceptance of any claim to valid logic and a fair and thorough assessment of available evidence, and studies the pitfalls of human reason and the mechanisms of deception so as to avoid being deceived by others or themselves. Skepticism values method over any particular conclusion. [11]

In response to a 2007 editorial in The New York Times in which Paul Davies concluded "until science comes up with a testable theory of the laws of the universe, its claim to be free of faith is manifestly bogus," [12] Novella said,

It's not actually true because science is not dependent upon faith in a naturalistic world. It just follows the methods as if it is naturalistic... it is not a system of beliefs. People often ask me and they will ask you as skeptics what do you believe? Well, it's not about belief. Do you believe in ESP? It doesn't matter if I believe in ESP. The only thing that matters is what is the evidence for ESP? ...It's very important I think to present skepticism as a method of inquiry not a set of conclusions, not a set of beliefs. [13]

Novella is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [14] and has also been active in the organized skeptical community as a member of the executive committee of Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism (NECSS). [15]

Paranormal investigations

In the early days of the New England Skeptical Society, Novella participated in investigations of paranormal claims, some of which were part of the screening process for the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge offered by the James Randi Educational Foundation. Novella investigated such claims as Ouija boards (when the couple claiming they could operate one were properly blindfolded, their powers vanished), the ability to control the flipping of a coin (the claimant turned out to be making some common logical errors in thinking), a mind reader who got zero out of 20 correct, and many dowsers (typically found to be experiencing the Ideomotor phenomenon). Novella and the NESS also examined some phenomena described by people who were not competing for the One Million Dollar prize, such as haunted houses, the ability to communicate with the dead, and recording the voices of ghosts, known as electronic voice phenomenon, or EVP. [16]

The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe podcast

Bill Nye the Science Guy, Skeptics Guide to the Universe cast, and George Hrab, April 10, 2015, at F.I.T Haft Auditorium New York City. NECSS 2015 Extravaganza.JPG
Bill Nye the Science Guy, Skeptics Guide to the Universe cast, and George Hrab, April 10, 2015, at F.I.T Haft Auditorium New York City.

In May 2005, Novella started The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe (SGU) podcast with Perry DeAngelis, Evan Bernstein, and his brothers Bob and Jay Novella. DeAngelis remained with the show until his death in August 2007. In July 2006, Rebecca Watson joined the podcast as a regular, staying through December 2014. Cara Santa Maria joined the cast in July 2015.

Novella hosts the show and handles editing and post-production. In an interview for the Books and Ideas podcast he described his work for the podcast as being a labor of love, and similar to a second job. [4] Novella said the SGU show primarily addresses controversial topics and topics on fringe science, with common content on paranormal or conspiracy theories, health fraud, and issues of consumer protection. [4]

Blogs

In 2007, Novella started a blog, Neurologica, for which he writes on a weekly basis covering subjects generally related to science or skepticism. He is the executive editor of the blog Science-Based Medicine [17] for which he is also a regular contributor, and he is a medical advisor to Quackwatch, an alternative medicine watchdog website. [18]

In 2008, Novella signed the Project Steve petition, [19] [ non-primary source needed ] a tongue-in-cheek parody of the list of "scientists that doubt evolution" produced by creationists.

Steven Novella and Richard Saunders at TAM 13. Novella Saunders TAM13.jpg
Steven Novella and Richard Saunders at TAM 13.

Print

Novella is an associate editor of the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine , [20] and writes the monthly Weird Science column for the New Haven Advocate newspaper.[ citation needed ] He created several Dungeons & Dragons campaign and expansion packs. [21] [22] [23] Writing for Skeptical Inquirer, Rob Palmer stated in a review of Novella's book, The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, that it could serve as a kind of "operations manual" for critical thinking and skepticism. [24]

Television

Novella has appeared on several television programs, including Penn & Teller: Bullshit! , The Dr. Oz Show , [25] and Inside Edition . [26]

In 2008, he filmed a pilot for a television series called The Skeptologists [27] along with Brian Dunning, Yau-Man Chan, Mark Edward, Michael Shermer, Phil Plait, and Kirsten Sanford. The series has not been picked up by any network.[ citation needed ]

The Dr. Oz Show appearance

Novella appeared on The Dr. Oz Show segment, "Controversial Medicine: Why your doctor is afraid of alternative health", where he was introduced as "an outspoken critic of alternative medicine." Novella noted that the term "alternative" creates a double standard. "There should be one science-based common-sense standard to figure out what therapies work and are safe." Novella made the point that herbs are medicinals and have been used that way for thousands of years, but the problem is in re-branding them as alternative, marketing them as natural, and therefore arguing that they don't need evidence that they are safe and effective. "At the end of the day, the public was sold products that the evidence shows doesn't work."[ third-party source needed ]

On the subject of acupuncture, Novella stated, "I've spent a lot of time reviewing the acupuncture literature ... and the evidence overwhelmingly shows that acupuncture, in fact, doesn't work." In response to Dr. Oz's complaint that Novella is dismissive of an idea that the "way we think [about acupuncture] in the west is that it can't be possible effective." Novella replied, "I didn't say it couldn't possibly work, I said when you look at it, it doesn't work." [25] [ third-party source needed ]

Tim Farley, Karen Stollznow, Novella and Ray Hall, TAM 9 Four JREF fellows 2011.jpg
Tim Farley, Karen Stollznow, Novella and Ray Hall, TAM 9
On Kylie Sturgess's podcast panel during Skeptrack at Dragon Con Steven Novella on panel.jpg
On Kylie Sturgess's podcast panel during Skeptrack at Dragon Con

Other work

Novella led two courses for The Great Courses, "Medical Myths, Lies, and Half-Truths: What We Think We Know May Be Hurting Us" [28] and "Your Deceptive Mind: A Scientific Guide to Critical Thinking Skills". [29]

In 2009, Novella was the board chairman when the Institute for Science in Medicine was founded. [30]

In January 2010, Novella was elected as a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. [31]

In 2011, Novella was appointed Senior Fellow of the James Randi Educational Foundation, and Director of their Science-Based medicine project. [32]

Adventure and role-playing games

Novella co-owned a local live action role-playing (LARP) game for about 5 years, during which time the owners wrote seven D20 System books. [33]

Novella coauthored the adventure gaming book Twin Crowns, [22] a naval and travel expansion for Dungeons & Dragons and Broadsides!, a role-playing game (RPG) based on the D20 System, [21] and Spellbound: A Codex of Ritual Magic, which features "a complete system of magic suitable for any campaign setting" using that system. [23]

Autonomous sensory meridian response

Novella published a reflective evaluation of the autonomous sensory meridian response, [34] [35] a low grade euphoria characterized by 'a combination of positive feelings, relaxation, and a distinct static-like tingling sensation on the skin', which begins on the scalp before moving down the spine to the base of the neck, sometimes spreading to the back, arms and legs, often prompted by specific acoustic and visual stimuli including the content of some digital videos, and less commonly by intentional attentional control. [36] [37]

In a post on Neurologica, Novella said that he investigates such phenomena by asking 'Is it real'? Regarding ASMR, he said: 'I don't think there is a definitive answer, but I am inclined to believe that it is. There are a number of people who seem to have independently [...] experienced and described' it with 'fairly specific details. In this way' ASMR is 'similar to migraine headaches –we know they exist as a syndrome primarily because many different people report the same constellation of symptoms and natural history.' He suggested that ASMR might be a type of pleasurable seizure or another way to activate the 'pleasure response' and advised that functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation technologies should be used to study the brains of people who experience ASMR in comparison to people who do not, as a way of seeking better scientific understanding of the phenomenon. [35] [38]

Tobinick lawsuit

On June 9, 2014, Edward Tobinick filed a civil action in Florida Southern District Court naming Steven Novella, Yale University, the Society for Science-Based Medicine, Inc. and SGU Productions, LLC as defendants. [39] The action alleged that in violation of the Lanham Act, Novella “has and continues to publish a false advertisement disparaging Plaintiffs entitled 'Enbrel for Stroke and Alzheimer's', ('the 'Advertisement') and implying that the INR plaintiffs' use of Etanercept is ineffective and useless;" and "The Advertisement is extremely inflammatory and defamatory in nature as it contains multiple false and misleading statements of fact regarding Plaintiffs." "The Advertisement" referred to in the action is an entry for the Science-Based Medicine blog that Novella wrote and posted on May 8, 2013. [40] [ third-party source needed ]

On July 14, 2014, Novella's attorney, Marc Randazza, filed an "Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Temporary and Preliminary Injunctive Relief". [41] The filing stated that Tobinick was "highly unlikely to prevail in this matter ... as Defendant's statements range from provably true to opinion," that a preliminary injunction "would impose an unlawful prior restraint of speech," and that "an injunction would result in far more harm to Defendants and the public than Plaintiffs' claimed injury." Novella posted a response to the lawsuit on Science-Based Medicine in which he said, "In my opinion he [Tobinick] is using legal thuggery in an attempt to intimidate me and silence my free speech because he finds its content inconvenient". [42] [ third-party source needed ]

United States District Judge Robin Rosenberg ordered the case closed on September 30, 2015, and found in judgement for the defendants. Tobinick was unable to show that Novella had profited from his blog post or that it was an advertisement. [43] In 2017, a final appeal affirmed the district court's opinion. [44]

Bob Novella, Steve Novella, Jay Novella and Evan Bernstein at DragonCon 2018, sporting Star Trek costumes. SGU Dragon Con Panel 2018.jpg
Bob Novella, Steve Novella, Jay Novella and Evan Bernstein at DragonCon 2018, sporting Star Trek costumes.

Awards

Topics of interest

Novella leading a panel about bad science in science fiction at New York Comic Con in 2018 Science or Fiction panel at NYCC (72230).jpg
Novella leading a panel about bad science in science fiction at New York Comic Con in 2018

Novella often writes and speaks about a variety of topics in areas of alternative medicine, the new age movement, parapsychology, and pseudoscience. As a proponent of scientific skepticism, his writings generally address supporting evidence and scientific consensus. Topics addressed in his writings include:

Bibliography

A book written by Steve Novella and his Skeptics' Guide co-hosts about scientific skepticism was published in October 2018. The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe: How to Know What's Really Real in a World Increasingly Full of Fake was reviewed by Publishers Weekly , which said: "In plain English and cogent prose, Novella makes skepticism seem mighty, necessary, and accessible all at once... Empowering and illuminating, this thinker's paradise is an antidote to spreading anti-scientific sentiments. Readers will return to its ideas again and again." [73] The subsections of the book ("Neuropsycholological Humility", "Metacognition", "Science and Pseudoscience", and "Iconic Cautionary Tales from History") break the topic into conceptional chunks that are easy for readers with a wide range of backgrounds to digest. [74]

Neil deGrasse Tyson's review says: "Thorough, informative, and enlightening, The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe inoculates you against the frailties and shortcomings of human cognition. If this book does not become required reading for us all, we may well see modern civilization unravel before our eyes." [75] [76]

Steven, Bob, and Jay Novella published The Skeptics' Guide to the Future in 2022. [77]

Related Research Articles

Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientific skepticism</span> Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence

Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism, sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a position in which one questions the veracity of claims lacking empirical evidence. In practice, the term most commonly refers to the examination of claims and theories that appear to be beyond mainstream science, rather than the routine discussions and challenges among scientists. Scientific skepticism differs from philosophical skepticism, which questions humans' ability to claim any knowledge about the nature of the world and how they perceive it, and the similar but distinct methodological skepticism, which is a systematic process of being skeptical about the truth of one's beliefs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of pseudoscience</span>

The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while it does not meet the criteria to properly be called such.

The New England Skeptical Society (NESS) is an American organization dedicated to promoting science and reason. It was founded in January 1996 as the Connecticut Skeptical Society, by Steven Novella, Perry DeAngelis and Bob Novella. The group later joined with the Skeptical Inquirers of New England (SINE) and the New Hampshire Skeptical Resource to form the New England Skeptical Society.

<i>The Skeptics Guide to the Universe</i> American science and skepticism podcast

The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe (SGU) is an American weekly skeptical podcast hosted by Steven Novella, MD, along with a panel of contributors. The official podcast of the New England Skeptical Society, it was named to evoke The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The show features discussions of recent scientific developments in layman's terms, and interviews authors, people in the area of science, and other famous skeptics. The SGU podcast includes discussions of myths, conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, the paranormal, and other forms of superstition, from the point of view of scientific skepticism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harriet Hall</span> American medical doctor and skeptic (1945–2023)

Harriet A. Hall was an American family physician, U.S. Air Force flight surgeon, author, science communicator, and skeptic. She wrote about alternative medicine and quackery for the magazines Skeptic and Skeptical Inquirer and was a regular contributor and founding editor of Science-Based Medicine. She wrote under her own name or used the pseudonym "The SkepDoc". After retiring as a colonel in the U.S. Air Force, Hall was a frequent speaker at science and skepticism related conventions in the US and around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edinburgh Skeptics</span> Nonprofit organization in Scotland

Edinburgh Skeptics is a nonprofit organisation that promotes science, reason and critical thinking in Edinburgh and throughout Scotland. It was founded in 2009. The Society hosts regular social and educational events in Edinburgh and has campaigned against the use of homeopathy and challenged claims of ghost sightings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Gorski</span> Science-based medicine advocate

David Henry Gorski is an American surgical oncologist and professor of surgery at Wayne State University School of Medicine. He specializes in breast cancer surgery at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. Gorski is an outspoken skeptic and critic of alternative medicine and the anti-vaccination movement. He writes as Orac at Respectful Insolence and as himself at Science-Based Medicine, where he is the managing editor.

Natural News is a far-right, anti-vaccination conspiracy theory and fake news website known for promoting alternative medicine, pseudoscience, disinformation, and far-right extremism. The website began publishing articles in 2008 and is based in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merseyside Skeptics Society</span> Organisation promoting scientific scepticism

The Merseyside Skeptics Society (MSS) is a nonprofit organisation that promotes scientific scepticism in Merseyside and the United Kingdom. Founded in 2009, the society has campaigned against the use of homeopathy, challenged the claims of psychics, and hosts regular events in Liverpool, podcasts, and an annual conference in Manchester, QED: Question. Explore. Discover.

<i>Science-Based Medicine</i> Website covering issues in science and medicine, focusing on quackery

Science-Based Medicine is a website and blog with articles covering issues in science and medicine, especially medical scams and practices. Founded in 2008, it is owned and operated by the New England Skeptical Society, and run by Steven Novella and David Gorski.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimball Atwood</span> American medical doctor, researcher and alternative medicine critic

Kimball C. Atwood IV is an American medical doctor and researcher from Newton, Massachusetts. He is retired as an assistant clinical professor at Tufts University School of Medicine and anesthesiologist at Newton-Wellesley Hospital.

Jon Poling is an American physician currently practicing in Athens, Georgia where he has worked at Athens Neurological Associates since 2001. He has also worked at Athens Regional Medical Center as the medical director of their apheresis unit since 2002. His area of expertise is autoimmune neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders such as neuropathy or Myasthenia Gravis. He is the father of Hannah Poling, who received an injury compensation from the VICP in 2008 because Hannah manifested encephalopathy after being vaccinated by MMR. Hannah had underlying mitochondrial disease, which exacerbated her symptoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Good Thinking Society</span> Organization

The Good Thinking Society is a nonprofit organisation promoting scientific scepticism established by Simon Singh in September 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften</span> Organization promoting scientific skepticism

The Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften (GWUP) is a non-profit organisation promoting scientific skepticism, headquartered in Roßdorf, Germany. Its estimated membership in 2016 is 1300 who are scientists or laypersons interested in science. The GWUP annually hosts a conference with varying key subjects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perry DeAngelis</span> American podcaster (1963–2007)

Perry J. DeAngelis was an American podcaster. He is best known for co-hosting the Skeptics' Guide to the Universe podcast, which he helped found. DeAngelis is known for his and Steve Novella's investigation into Ed and Lorraine Warren's ghost hunting claims. He was also co-founder and executive director of the New England Skeptical Society, and was very active in the skeptical movement and paranormal investigations until his death from scleroderma in 2007. He posthumously contributed to a book, The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, released in 2018.

The Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism is a four-day conference focusing on science and skepticism founded in 2009 and held annually in New York City. NECSS is jointly run by the New York City Skeptics (NYCS) and the New England Skeptical Society (NESS). The Society for Science-Based Medicine joined as a full sponsor of the conference in 2015. As of 2016, attendance was estimated at approximately 500 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott Lilienfeld</span> American psychologist (1960–2020)

Scott O. Lilienfeld was a professor of psychology at Emory University and advocate for evidence-based treatments and methods within the field. He is known for his books 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology, Brainwashed, and others that explore and sometimes debunk psychological claims that appear in the popular press. Along with having his work featured in major U.S. newspapers and journals such as The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Scientific American, Lilienfeld made television appearances on 20/20, CNN and the CBS Evening News.

Vinayak K. Prasad is an American hematologist-oncologist and health researcher. He is a professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He is the author of the books Ending Medical Reversal (2015) and Malignant (2020).

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  21. 1 2 Faugno, John; Harald Henning; Inger Henning; Steven Novella; Evan Bernstein; Joseph Unfried; Celeste DeAngelis (February 26, 2002). Broadsides (d20, LII1500). Living Imagination. ISBN   978-0-9712145-2-1.
  22. 1 2 Novella, Steven; John Faugno (November 20, 2001). Twin Crowns Age of Exploration. Living Imagination. ISBN   978-0-9712145-0-7.
  23. 1 2 Novella, Steven; John Faugno (2003). Spellbound: a codex of ritual magic. Living Imagination. ISBN   978-0-9712145-4-5.
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