Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam drug that functions as a mechanism-based β-lactamase inhibitor. While not effective by itself as an antibiotic, when combined with penicillin-group antibiotics, it can overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria that secrete β-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins.
Novobiocin, also known as albamycin or cathomycin, is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces niveus, which has recently been identified as a subjective synonym for S. spheroides a member of the class Actinomycetia. Other aminocoumarin antibiotics include clorobiocin and coumermycin A1. Novobiocin was first reported in the mid-1950s.
Aminocoumarin is a class of antibiotics that act by an inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme involved in the cell division in bacteria. They are derived from Streptomyces species, whose best-known representative – Streptomyces coelicolor – was completely sequenced in 2002. The aminocoumarin antibiotics include:
Validamycin is an antibiotic and fungicide produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is used as an inhibitor of trehalase. It is used for the control of sheath blight of rice and damping-off of cucumbers.
Streptomyces natalensis is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces.
Streptomyces cacaoi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces cacaoi produces polyoxine.
Streptomyces diastaticus is an alkaliphilic and thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces diastaticus produces oligomycin A, oligomycin C, rimocidin and the leukotriene-A4 hydrolase-inhibitor 8(S)-amino-2(R)-methyl-7-oxononanoic acid. Streptomyces diastaticus also produces gougerotin and diastaphenazine and the antibiotic ruticin.
Streptomyces jiujiangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a pine tree from the Mount Lu in the Jiangxi province in China. Streptomyces jiujiangensis produces antialgal compounds.
Streptomyces lydicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States. Streptomyces lydicus produces actithiazic acid, natamycin, lydimycin, streptolydigin, and 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin. Streptomyces lydicus can be used as an agent against fungal plant pathogens like Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia and Verticillum.
Streptomyces microflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces microflavus produces nemadectin, fattiviracin A1, milbemycin and deoxyuridines. Streptomyces microflavus also produces the ionophore valinomycin. Streptomyces microflavus is also known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.
Streptomyces muensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a limestone quarry from Tangkhul Hundung in Manipur in India.
Streptomyces rosealbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from forest soil from Yongsheng from the Yunnan Province in China.
Streptomyces scopuliridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from woodland soil from Rainbow Bluff in Lynn in Alabama in the United States. Streptomyces scopuliridis produces bacteriocins, desotamides B, desotamides C, desotamides D, sesquiterpenoids and herbicidins.
Streptomyces violascens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces violascens produces violapyrone A – G, L-glutamate oxidase and albaflavenoid.
Streptomyces virginiae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces virginiae produces actithiazic acid, virginiamycins and cycloserine. Streptomyces virginiae also produces monensin A, monensin B, monensin C, monensin D, actithiazic acid.
Streptomyces xishensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands in China.
Streptomyces tremellae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the mushroom Tremella fuciformis from Gutian in China.
C-1027 or Lidamycin is an antitumor antibiotic consisting of a complex of an enediyne chromophore and an apoprotein. It shows antibiotic activity against most Gram-positive bacteria. It is one of the most potent cytotoxic molecules known, due to its induction of a higher ratio of DNA double-strand breaks than single-strand breaks.
