| Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Rhinolophidae |
| Genus: | Rhinolophus |
| Species: | R. tatar |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhinolophus tatar Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982 | |
The Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat or Tatar horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus tatar) [2] is a species of horseshoe bat found in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
R. tatar was described as a new species in 1982 by Bergmans and Rozendaal. [3] In 1992, Hill published that it was synonymous with the broad-eared horseshoe bat, R. euryotis. [4] [1] In 2013, a morphological and genetic analysis concluded that R. tatar was distinct from the broad-eared horseshoe bat. [5] The species name "tatar" is a portmanteau derived from the names of George Henry Hamilton Tate and Richard Archbold. Tate and Archbold's 1939 publication "Oriental Rhinolophus, with special reference to material from the Archbold Collections" "presumably recognized Rhinolophus tatar as a species . . . only through an error, they attached a wrong name to it." [3]
R. tatar has a forearm length of 48.7–51.8 mm (1.92–2.04 in). It has large, triangular ears that are longer than they are wide. Its fur is dense and woolly. Individual hairs are bicolored: on the back, they have white bases and dark brown tips, while on the belly they have white bases and medium-brown tips. [3]
R. tatar is insectivorous, gleaning prey from foliage or hawking them from the air. It possibly roosts in caves, though it is more likely that it roosts in trees. [1] It is known to be affected by ectoparasites including two families of bat flies: Nycteribiidae (genus Stylidia ) and Streblidae. It has also been documented with mites. [3]
It is endemic to Indonesia, where it has only been found on the island of Sulawesi. [1]
Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae. In addition to the single living genus, Rhinolophus, which has about 106 species, the extinct genus Palaeonycteris has been recognized. Horseshoe bats are closely related to the Old World leaf-nosed bats, family Hipposideridae, which have sometimes been included in Rhinolophidae. The horseshoe bats are divided into six subgenera and many species groups. The most recent common ancestor of all horseshoe bats lived 34–40 million years ago, though it is unclear where the geographic roots of the family are, and attempts to determine its biogeography have been indecisive. Their taxonomy is complex, as genetic evidence shows the likely existence of many cryptic species, as well as species recognized as distinct that may have little genetic divergence from previously recognized taxa. They are found in the Old World, mostly in tropical or subtropical areas, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.
The greater horseshoe bat is an insectivorous bat of the genus Rhinolophus. Its distribution covers Europe, Northern Africa, Central Asia and Eastern Asia. It is the largest of the horseshoe bats in Europe and is thus easily distinguished from other species. The species is sedentary, typically travelling up to 30 kilometres (19 mi) between the winter and summer roosts, with the longest recorded movement being 180 km (110 mi). The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 69–83 kHz, have most energy at 81 kHz and have an average duration of 37.4 ms.
The big-eared roundleaf bat is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to Indonesia, known from Kangean Islands, southwestern Sulawesi and Seram Island. It roosts in caves and tree hollows and probably forages in woodland. It is threatened by habitat loss through logging and other human activities.
The Sulawesi free-tailed bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines.
The Mediterranean horseshoe bat is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in the Mediterranean region and Balkan peninsula, as well as parts of Italy.
Rüppell's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats. This species is quite common in parts of its range, and no specific threats have been recognised, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Maclaud's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to Guinea. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats. It is one of five African microbat species to be listed as endangered by the IUCN. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The big-eared horseshoe bat is a bat species within the Rhinolophidae native to Asia.
The smaller horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Swinny's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. In English, R. swinnyi is commonly referred to as Swinny's horseshoe bat. In Afrikaans, it is commonly referred to as Swinny se saalneusvlermuis. This species belongs to the African clade. R. swinnyi was discovered by an African collector H. H. Swinny. They have been recorded in Angola, Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi.
The Madura horseshoe bat is a species of bat from the family Rhinolophidae. Current taxonomy treats the Madura horseshoe bat as a species separate of the Sulawesi horseshoe bat and not including parvus, but Csorba et al. (2003) recognizes both as subspecies of the Sulawesi horseshoe bat. It is known only from seven specimens from Madura Island and the Kangean Islands in Indonesia, and its type locality is Soemenep, Madura Island. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and it suffers from habitat loss due to limestone excavation and deforestation for logging and agriculture in its habitat. It is also unknown whether or not the Madura horseshoe bat lives in any protected areas. The species is cave-roosting and most likely independent of water, foraging in primary forest.
The Timorese horseshoe bat is a species of bat native to Timor-Leste.
The Poso horseshoe bat or belligerent horseshoe bat is an endangered species of horseshoe bat found only on Sulawesi Island, which is part of Indonesia.
The Bornean woolly horseshoe bat or Proconsul's horseshoe bat is an endangered species of horseshoe bat found on Borneo. Though it was discovered in 1959, it was not recognized as a distinct species until 2013.
Smithers's horseshoe bat is a species of horseshoe bat found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was described as a new species in 2012.
Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis, the wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat or southwestern China horseshoe bat, is a species of horseshoe bat from China.
McIntyre's horseshoe bat is a species of horseshoe bat that is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
