Sulfur oxoacid

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Sulfur oxoacids are chemical compounds that contain sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. The best known and most important industrially used is sulfuric acid. Sulfur has several oxoacids; however, some of these are known only from their salts (these are shown in italics in the table below). The acids that have been characterised contain a variety of structural features, for example:

Contents

AcidFormulaFormal oxidation number StructureRelated anionsNotes
Sulfuric acid H2SO4+6 Sulfuric acid.svg Sulfate, SO2−
4
and hydrogen sulfate commonly known as bisulfate, HSO
4
Best known and industrially significant.
Polysulfuric acids including disulfuric acid (pyrosulfuric acid)H2SO4·nSO3+6 Dischwefelsaure - Disulfuric acid.svg Disulfate (commonly known as pyrosulfate), S
2
O2−
7
and trisulfate, S
3
O2−
10
Pure disulfuric acid melts at 36 °C. Present in fuming sulfuric acid, oleum. Examples known for n = 1 and n = 2.
Peroxymonosulfuric acid H2SO5+6 Caro Acid struct.svg Peroxomonosulfate, OOSO2−
3
"Caro's acid", a solid melting at 45 °C
Peroxydisulfuric acid H2S2O8+6 Peroxodischwefelsaure.svg Peroxydisulfate, O
3
SOOSO2−
3
"Marshall's acid", a solid melting at 65 °C.
Dithionic acid H2S2O6+5 Dithionsaure.svg Dithionate, O
3
SSO2−
3
Not isolated in pure form, only concentrated solutions have been prepared
Thiosulfuric acid H2S2O30 (for the terminal sulfur), +4 (for the central atom) Thioschwefelsaure.svg Thiosulfate, S
2
O2−
3

Hydrogenthiosulfate HS
2
O
3
(ammonium salt prepared in anhydrous methanol at −80 °C [1] )
Aqueous solutions decompose.
Disulfurous acid or pyrosulfurous acidH2S2O5+5 (of the sulfur atom bonded to 3 oxygen atoms), +3 (of other sulfur atom) Dischweflige Saure.svg Disulfite commonly known as metabisulfite, S
2
O2−
5
Not known.
Sulfurous acid H2SO3+4 Sulfurous-acid-2D-pyramidal.png Bisulfite, HSO
3
and sulfite, SO2−
3
Not known.
Dithionous acid H2S2O4+3 Dithionous acid.svg Dithionite, O
2
SSO2−
2
Not known.
Sulfoxylic acid H2SO2+2 Sulfoxylsaure.svg Sulfoxylate, SO2−
2
Free acid not known
Polythionic acid H2SxO60 (for the bridging S atoms), +5 (for the terminal central S atoms) Polythionic acid 2-D structure.png Polythionates, O
3
S(S
x−2
)SO2−
3
. Example trithionate, tetrathionate, pentathionate, hexathionate, heptathionate, octathionate, nonathionate, decathionate, undecathionate, dodecathionate, tridecathionate, and tetradecathionate.
Examples known with x = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14.
Thiosulfurous acid H2S2O2−1 (for the exterior sulfur atom ), +3 (for the central atom) Thioschweflige Saure.svg Thiosulfites Not known
Dihydroxydisulfane H2S2O2+1 Dihydroxydisulfane.svg Acid known

See also

References

  1. Raman spectroscopic discovery of the hydrogenthiosulphate anion, HSSO
    3
    , in solid NH4HS2O3
    Steudel Rr.; Prenzel A Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 1989,44, 12, 1499-1502