Sunday football in Northern Ireland

Last updated

Sunday football in Northern Ireland has been a controversial issue. Until 2008, the Irish Football Association (IFA) under IFA Article 27, [1] prohibited any clubs affiliated with them from playing association football matches on Sunday. The ban initially came from various government legislation, both local and national. Northern Ireland's Protestant Christian majority's observance of Sunday as the Sabbath (a day of rest), was also a major factor which amounted to a continuance of the observance of tradition for a lot longer than in the rest of the UK. It was also a way to combat a perceived encroachment on their culture by Catholics. [2] Since the abolition of the ban, teams can play matches on Sunday if they have mutual agreement, although some teams such as Linfield have club rules against such games.

Contents

The Northern Ireland national team also had a policy of not playing on Sundays. This policy was later amended to allow Northern Ireland to play on Sundays away from home before being unofficially suspended due to changes in UEFA rules regarding playing dates for international competition qualifiers. On 29 March 2015, the national team played their first home match on a Sunday against Finland.

History

A mural in Belfast celebrating a win over England. Sport plays a significant role in national identity in Northern Ireland. Football mural, Belfast (1) - geograph.org.uk - 1410065.jpg
A mural in Belfast celebrating a win over England. Sport plays a significant role in national identity in Northern Ireland.

Discouragement of recreation on Sunday, the Christian Sabbath, was a feature of the Puritan Sabbatarianism of the 17th century, which influenced the Sunday Observance Act 1695 passed by the Parliament of Ireland, which made it illegal to take part in sports, stating, "by reason of tumultuous and disorderly meetings, which have been, and frequently are used on the Lord's-day, commonly called Sunday, under pretence of hurling, commoning, football-playing, cudgels, wrestling, or other sports". [4] In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, Protestants and urban areas tended to favour stricter observance of the Sabbath than rural areas and Roman Catholics. [5] The Factory Acts facilitated working-class recreation on Saturday afternoons, whereas farm labourers work all day Saturday. The IFA for decades after its 1880 foundation was strongest around industrial Belfast, and many clubs were of Protestant workmen.

In its early decades, the IFA's rules had no explicit prohibition on Sunday play, but requests for explicit permission were routinely refused. (When the prohibition was removed in 2006, media said the rule was 60 years old. [6] ) Sabbatarian members sometimes advocated use of the 1695 act to enforce this, but the Royal Irish Constabulary from 1872 only used to invoke the act if a game was likely to cause a breach of the peace. [5] In 1898, the Leinster Football Association requested permission for matches on Sunday, which was unanimously rejected by the IFA as "very detrimental to the interests of the game". In 1901, the Munster Football Association made a similar request which was also turned down. [7] In 1898, Belfast Celtic rented Celtic Park for a Sunday hurling match and was suspended by the IFA until it promised not to do so in future. [5] In 1906 the IFA passed a rule prohibiting clubs from renting grounds to any sports club which played on Sundays. [5]

While the IFA maintained a ban on Sunday football for all senior and junior men's football, [1] matches outside IFA auspices were sometimes played on Sundays. The independent Northern Ireland Women's Football Association (NIWFA) played their matches on Sundays. [8] The Gaelic Athletic Association opposed association football and its matches were on Sunday, reducing the Catholic/nationalist constituency within the IFA. [9] [10] The Football Association of Ireland (FAI) was formed in 1921 by Leinster clubs splitting from the IFA due to its alleged bias in favour of Belfast; one of the FAI's first actions was to permit Sunday matches under its jurisdiction. [11]

Effect

The IFA ban on football on Sundays was strictly enforced so that no club affiliated with the IFA could play football in Northern Ireland on Sundays. This included the Northern Ireland national team who also refused to play international matches on Sunday. [9] Before the 1958 FIFA World Cup, it was noted that Northern Ireland would play Czechoslovakia on a Sunday. As a result, the IFA relaxed its Sunday football ban to permit the Northern Ireland national team to play football on Sundays outside of Northern Ireland. In 2001, Cliftonville attempted to play a friendly match against Derry City, who are based in County Londonderry but are affiliated with the FAI, on a Sunday. The IFA initially permitted this, but the match was cancelled after complaints from the North West of Ireland Football Association despite Cliftonville arguing that since Derry City organised it, it was outside of the IFA's jurisdiction. [12] The ban was also identified as causing problems for ethnic minority players; the Chinese Football Association Northern Ireland, whose players mostly work in the catering industry, noted that its members often had "no choice" but to play on Sundays and pointed out the ban interfered with outreach efforts. [13]

Abolition of ban

Towards the start of the 21st century, several clubs made moves to abolish the ban on Sunday football in Northern Ireland. In 2000 Newry Town put forward a motion to play football on Sunday on commercial grounds. However, it was rejected by the IFA overwhelmingly on moral grounds despite Newry Town stating they "do not wish to impinge on anyone's Christian or moral ethics." [14] In 2003, Cliftonville started a campaign to permit Sunday football if both clubs consented. [15] In 2005, Armagh City and Ballynure Old Boys made a similar request to play on Sundays. Again the IFA rejected it on the grounds that it would interfere with the NIWFA's fixtures. [8] A year later, the request was made again and members of the IFA voted in favour of it 69-28 however they failed to reach a 75% majority needed due to the NIWFA's clubs voting against it and thus the Sunday football ban remained in place. [16] Maintaining the ban meant that Northern Ireland was the only country in UEFA which had a ban on Sunday football. This decision was criticised in the media who viewed the ban as outdated. [17] Howard Wells, the IFA chief executive, took legal advice after it was suggested that the ban on Sunday football might not be supported in the European Court of Human Rights if a lawsuit was brought against them. [18] After the failure of the 2006 motion, the predicted legal challenge, supported by the Equality Commission, emerged on the grounds of religious discrimination. [19] [20]

Sunday morning at Windsor Park. Linfield, owners of the stadium, have it written in their constitution that the team can not play there on a Sunday Windsor Park football stadium - Empty.JPG
Sunday morning at Windsor Park. Linfield, owners of the stadium, have it written in their constitution that the team can not play there on a Sunday

In 2007, despite opposition from the Democratic Unionist Party, the IFA voted 91–14 to remove IFA Article 27 from their constitution. [21] It was replaced by IFA Article 36.b, which stated that no football would be scheduled on Sunday, but matches on Sunday could be played if both teams and the organising competition agreed. It also stated that no player or club could be punished if they refused to play on Sunday. [22] The ban on Sunday football in Northern Ireland was lifted on 1 June 2008. [6] The first match held on Sunday since the ban was lifted was an Irish Premiership match between Glentoran and Bangor at The Oval. Before the match there was a protest against it by members of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster led by Reverend David McIlveen. [23] Despite the lifting of the ban on Sunday football, Article 36.b has been used very rarely. [24] Matches in the Irish Cup continue to not be scheduled on Sundays. [25]

Some clubs maintain a club ban on Sunday football. Linfield, the owners of Windsor Park, used as the home ground of the Northern Ireland national team, had it written in their club rules in Article 24 that no games would be permitted on their grounds on Sundays. Since this could have prevented Windsor Park hosting cup finals or international matches, Linfield members voted to change Article 24 to state that no games involving Linfield could take place at Windsor Park on Sundays. [26] They later amended this in 2020 to say they would allow Linfield to play on a Sunday at home only if Linfield had European commitments during the week. [27] Ballymena United decided to play a friendly tournament in the Republic of Ireland on a Sunday. As a result, one of their sponsors pulled out of the club. [28]

Despite the scrapping of the ban on Sunday football, the Northern Ireland national team continued to negotiate the fixture dates of friendlies and international competition qualifiers so that they were not on Sundays. In 2014, UEFA changed the match date allocation for qualifying competitions from mutual agreement between associations to randomly selected dates from a computer. The IFA were informed this might mean matches on Sunday and they signed an agreement prior to the draw for UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying. [29] When the draw was made, it was determined that Northern Ireland would play Finland at home on 29 March 2015 in Northern Ireland's first international match at home on Sunday. Jim Allister, leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice party, questioned the choice of date; the IFA replied that they had no control over it but accepted that some fans might boycott the match because it was on a Sunday. [30] In 2023, a motion was put forward at the IFA's AGM to abolish the remaining restrictions on Sunday football for matches held in the Northern Ireland Football League. However the motion failed on a 104-27 vote of the IFA's member clubs. [31]

In 2024, the Northern Ireland Football League Cup put forward regulations that stated that clubs that entered would agree to waive objections to Sunday football for the latter stages and that they could schedule earlier rounds on Sunday. Loughgall appealed against this, as well as a broadcast agreement that paid clubs more to play on Sunday, on religious grounds as a breach of the IFA's regulations on Sunday football. In August, the IFA upheld their appeal on the grounds that it was discriminating against Loughgall's religious beliefs. [32]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Football Association</span> Governing body of association football in Northern Ireland

The Irish Football Association is the governing body for association football in Northern Ireland and the fourth oldest Football Association in the world. It organised the Ireland national football team from 1880 to 1950, which after 1954, became the Northern Ireland national football team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Linfield F.C.</span> Association football club in Northern Ireland

Linfield Football Club is a Northern Irish professional football club, based in south Belfast, which plays in the NIFL Premiership – the highest level of the Northern Ireland Football League. The fourth-oldest club on the island of Ireland, Linfield was founded in 1886 by workers at the Ulster Spinning Company's Linfield Mill. Since 1905, the club's home ground has been Windsor Park, which is also the home of the Northern Ireland national team and is the largest football stadium in Northern Ireland. They train at Midgley Park which is beside the stadium. The club's badge displays Windsor Castle, in reference to the ground's namesake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cliftonville F.C.</span> Association football club in Northern Ireland

Cliftonville Football & Athletic Club is a semi-professional association football club playing in the NIFL Premiership – the top division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The club was founded in September 1879 by John McAlery in the suburb of Cliftonville in north Belfast and are the founders of football in Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crusaders F.C.</span> Association football club in Northern Ireland

Crusaders Football Club is a semi-professional Northern Irish football club playing in the NIFL Premiership. The club, founded in 1898, is based in north Belfast and plays its home matches at Seaview.

The Irish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly referred to as the Irish Cup is the primary football knockout cup competition in Northern Ireland. Inaugurated in 1881, it is the fourth-oldest national cup competition in the world. Prior to the break-away from the Irish Football Association by clubs from what would become the Irish Free State in 1921, the Irish Cup was the national cup competition for the whole of Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Ireland Football League Cup</span> Football tournament

The Northern Ireland Football League Cup is a national football knock-out cup competition in Northern Ireland open to all member clubs of the Northern Ireland Football League. It is the third-most prestigious competition in domestic Northern Irish football after the NIFL Premiership and Irish Cup. It should not be confused with the Irish League Floodlit Cup which ran from 1987–88 to 1997–98. Unlike the Irish Cup, the League Cup does not have a berth for UEFA Europa Conference League qualification. The cup has been operated by the Northern Ireland Football League since the 2013–14 season when it took over the administration from the Irish Football Association (IFA), after which the cup was renamed to the Northern Ireland Football League (NIFL) Cup.

Windsor Park is a football stadium in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is the home ground of Linfield who own the land the stadium is built on, while the Irish Football Association own and operate the stadium and pay Linfield an annual rental fee for the use of the land on behalf of the Northern Ireland national football team. The stadium is usually where the Irish Cup final is played.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Setanta Sports Cup</span> Football tournament

The Setanta Sports Cup was a club football competition featuring teams from both football associations on the island of Ireland. Inaugurated in 2005, it was a cross-border competition between clubs in the League of Ireland from the Republic of Ireland and the NIFL Premiership from Northern Ireland. The cup was sponsored by Setanta Sports, the Irish subscription sports television network. The competition was discontinued after the 2014 edition. A successor competition, the Champions Cup, was announced in 2019.

Association football in Northern Ireland, widely known as football or sometimes as soccer, is one of the most popular sports in Northern Ireland. The governing body in Northern Ireland is the Irish Football Association (IFA). Gaelic football, rugby union and association football are the most popular sports in Northern Ireland.

The 2009–10 IFA Premiership was the 2nd season of the IFA Premiership, the highest level of league football in Northern Ireland, and the 109th season of Irish league football overall.

The 2010–11 IFA Premiership was the 3rd season of the IFA Premiership, the highest level of league football in Northern Ireland, and the 110th season of Irish league football overall.

The North Belfast derby is the name given to association football matches between Cliftonville and Crusaders who play in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The two are separated by around 1.5 miles with Cliftonville based at Solitude on Cliftonville Road and Crusaders at Seaview on the Shore Road.

The 2012–13 IFA Premiership was the 5th season of the IFA Premiership, the highest level of league football in Northern Ireland, and the 112th season of Irish league football overall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Big Two derby</span> Association football derby in Belfast

The Big Two derby, also referred to simply as the Big Two or Bel Classico, is the name given to the association football derby between Belfast clubs, Linfield and Glentoran. The derby is also sometimes referred to as the Belfast derby. They are the two most successful and most supported clubs in Northern Ireland league football. They traditionally face each other on Boxing Day each year which usually attracts the largest NIFL Premiership attendance of the season. They regularly play each other in the league, and have contested more cup finals together than any other two clubs. They also make up two of the three clubs that have competed in every season of Northern Ireland's top flight since its inception in 1890 – neither club ever suffering relegation.

The 2012–13 Irish Cup was the 133rd edition of the Irish Cup, Northern Ireland's premier football knockout cup competition. The competition began on 15 September 2012 with the first round and ended on 4 May 2013 with the final. The cup was sponsored by JJB Sports until October 2012, when the company went into administration. The competition remained without a principal sponsor, but the final was known as the Marie Curie Irish Cup final, after the IFA awarded the naming rights for the final to the charity Marie Curie Cancer Care.

The 2014–15 Irish Cup was the 135th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knockout cup competition in Northern Irish football since its introduction in 1881. The competition began on 23 August 2014 with the first round, and concluded on 2 May 2015 with the final. For the first time since 1995, the Oval was chosen as the final venue following the discovery of damage to a stand at Windsor Park during the stadium's redevelopment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Ireland Football League</span> Football league

The Northern Ireland Football League, also known as the Irish League, is the national football league of Northern Ireland. The Irish League was originally formed in 1890, with the league in its current format created in 2013 to assume independent collective management of the top three levels of the Northern Ireland football league system; namely the Premiership, Championship and Premier Intermediate League.

The Northern Ireland Women's Football Association (NIWFA) is the governing body of women's association football in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1977.

The 2015–16 Irish Cup was the 136th edition of the Irish Cup, the premier knockout cup competition in Northern Irish football since its introduction in 1881. The competition began on 18 August 2015 with the first round and concluded with the final at Windsor Park on 7 May 2016. The cup was sponsored by Tennent's Lager, the competition's first title sponsor since 2012.

The 2016–17 NIFL Premiership was the 9th season of the NIFL Premiership, the highest level of league football in Northern Ireland, the 116th season of Irish league football overall, and the 4th season of the league operating as part of the Northern Ireland Football League.

References

  1. 1 2 "Sunday football game expected to be probed by IFA". Ballymoney Times. 2005-03-03. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  2. Delap, Lucy (2013). Men, Masculinities and Religious Change in Twentieth-Century Britain. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 243. ISBN   978-1-137-28175-3.
  3. Hannah Merron (31 August 2009). "Belfast – Mural on Carnforth Street, commemorating of Northern Irish football victory". DSpace@Cambridge. University of Cambridge Library. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  4. "7 Will.3 c.17: An Act for the Petter Observation of the Lord's-Day, commonly called Sunday.". Statutes Passed in the Parliaments Held in Ireland. Vol. II: 1665–1712. Dublin: George Grierson, printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1794. pp. 270–271 s.3.
  5. 1 2 3 4 McAnallen, Dónal (May 2010). "Michael Cusack and the revival of Gaelic games in Ulster". Irish Historical Studies. 37 (145). Cambridge University Press: 23–47 : 37–39. doi:10.1017/S0021121400000043. JSTOR   20750043. S2CID   164152265.
  6. 1 2 "IFA lifts 60-year ban on Sunday football". Newsletter. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  7. Garnham, 166
  8. 1 2 "Sunday football plan turned down". BBC Sport. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  9. 1 2 Beck, Peter J. (1999). Scoring for Britain: International Football and International Politics, 1900–1939. Psychology Press. p. 133. ISBN   978-0-7146-4899-6 . Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  10. Garnham, 30-31
  11. Garnham, 192
  12. "Reds Hit-Out at Double Standard IFA". The People. 2001-08-12.[ dead link ]
  13. Robin Wilson (December 2005). "Football for All" (PDF). Irish Football Association. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
  14. "Never on a Sunday say IFA delegates". Newsletter. 2000-05-31. Archived from the original on 2015-03-29. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  15. "End of Sunday ban is proposed". BBC Sport. 2003-04-02. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  16. "Sunday soccer ban stays in place". BBC News. 2006-06-23. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  17. "The Fact the IFA Remains the Only Association in Europe against Sunday Football Should Embarrass Us All". Daily Mirror. 2006-07-04.[ dead link ]
  18. "IFA Chief Seeks Legal Guidance". Newsletter. 2005-06-15.[ dead link ]
  19. "IFA Face a Challenge over Vote". Daily Mirror. 2006-06-23.[ dead link ]
  20. "Civil bill is served on the IFA". BBC Sport. 2006-06-29. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  21. Henry McDonald (30 November 2007). "Irish FA scraps 60-year-old ban on Sunday matches". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  22. "Football Regulations as passed June 2014" (PDF). Irish Football Association. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  23. "Football 1, Religion 1". BBC News. 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  24. Beacom, Stephen (2013-09-13). "Should Northern Ireland play Sunday football at Windsor Park?". The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  25. "Challenge Cup Competition Rules" (PDF). Irish Football Association. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  26. "Blues allow Sunday football at Windsor". The Belfast Telegraph. 2008-05-06. Archived from the original on 2015-03-29. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  27. "Residents raise concerns with Linfield FC over Sunday games at Windsor Park". Belfast Telegraph. 2022-08-08. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  28. McNeilly, Claire (2012-06-19). "Sponsor pulls out as Ballymena United plays Sunday football". The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  29. "Northern Ireland set for first Sunday Windsor Park game". BBC Sport. 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  30. "IFA 'had no say' in first ever Sunday home game". Newsletter. 2014-02-24. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
  31. "Sunday football: Northern Ireland Football League's proposal is rejected at Irish FA's AGM". BBC Sport. 2023-06-26. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  32. "IFA upholds Loughgall appeals over Sunday matches". BBC Sport. 2024-08-22. Retrieved 2024-08-22.

Bibliography