He was called to the Bar of Northern Ireland as a barrister in 1976,where he specialised in criminal law,and,in 2001,was called to the Senior Bar as a Queen's Counsel.[5]
Student Activist
Allister quit the Official Unionist Party (OUP) to join the DUP at its founding in 1971.[7] In June 1972,as chairman of the Queen's University Democratic Unionist Party Association,Allister wrote a letter published in the Belfast Telegraph arguing that Ian Paisley was closely aligned with Enoch Powell's "integrationist" stance that Northern Ireland should be closer to the rest of the United Kingdom,and that other Unionist leaders were in favour of devolution.[8] In March 1973 Allister was elected to the post of publicity officer for the Queen's DUP Association.[9] He was involved in the 1974 Ulster Workers' Council strike against the Sunningdale Agreement,which had been signed the previous December. A senior loyalist politician recalled walking into the Ulster Workers' Council HQ on Hawthornden Road in Belfast to find Allister and Peter Robinson "giggling" while phoning Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) headquarters claiming to be Catholics in distress in a loyalist area afflicted by the strike and asking the SDLP to send a car to rescue them.[10] He served as a European Parliament assistant to Ian Paisley from 1980 to 1982.
Elected Politician
In 1982 he was elected as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly at Stormont for North Antrim and served as the DUP Assembly Chief Whip. In 1983 Allister stated that if the DUP were faced with a choice between no devolved government and a power-sharing government with the SDLP or other Nationalist representatives,his party would opt for not having a devolved government.[11] He was also the Vice-Chairman of Scrutiny Committee of Department of Finance and Personnel from October 1982 to June 1986. Outside the Stormont Assembly,he was a member of Newtownabbey Borough Council from 1985 to 1987. In 1983,he stood as a DUP candidate in the Westminster election for East Antrim. However,he narrowly[12] lost to Roy Beggs following a bitter campaign in which he denounced Beggs as a "political gypsy" for leaving the DUP and joining the OUP;Beggs had resigned from the DUP after leading a Larne council delegation to Dún Laoghaire in the Republic of Ireland.[7]
In July 1984,Allister gave a speech at the unveiling of a loyalist mural in a housing estate in the Ballykeel area of Ballymena,County Antrim. Speaking to a crowd of assembled loyalists in Orkney Drive,Allister said;"There are those in this estate who do not like the red,white and blue. To those people and to everyone else who would betray us,the Ulster Loyalists say:'No surrender'." Later,a crowd gathered outside the home of a Catholic family who lived in Orkney Drive,a married couple with six children,and pelted the house with stones,smashing windows and damaging the family car. The father,Ivan Smith,was also reportedly punched and kicked.[13] The Smith family,who had lived in the area for thirteen years,fled shortly afterwards and were later rehoused.[13][14]
In August 1985,Allister attended the first major meeting of the United Ulster Loyalist Front (UULF) in Portadown. The UULF had originally formed as a committee earlier that year to oppose police plans to reroute traditional Orange Order parades away from nationalist areas of Portadown. The UULF was supported by the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) with South Belfast Brigade chief and UDA deputy leader John McMichael being appointed to the coordinating committee. Unionists blamed the Irish government for loyalist parades being rerouted from predominantly Catholic areas and the UULF's stated purpose was to oppose further perceived interference from Dublin,although the group's secretary told the press ahead of the meeting that "[he] would not expect paramilitary action to be decided tonight".[15]
Politics after Anglo-Irish Agreement
Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Agreement in November 1985 by the Thatcher and FitzGerald governments,he was a high-profile[16] opponent of the treaty. He was a member of the Joint Unionist Working Party,a body set up by his party and the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) to oversee the unionist campaign against the Agreement. During the one-day loyalist strike against the Agreement in March 1986 it was reportedly difficult for journalists to move around the "loyalist stronghold" of Larne without the permission of Allister.[16] He was also very vocal in his criticism of Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Chief Constable Sir John Hermon;the Irish Independent wrote in June 1986 that most of the statements sent by Allister with regards to the Chief Constable could not be printed "having regards to the law of defamation and libel". In May 1986 Allister led thirteen other DUP politicians in an occupation of the telephone exchange at Parliament Buildings at Stormont and blocked calls from going through to government departments. The siege ended after the RUC used a sledgehammer to breach the barricaded door.[17] Allister and then DUP deputy leader Peter Robinson held a press conference in September that year threatening to declare Northern Ireland independent from the United Kingdom if the Anglo-Irish Agreement wasn't withdrawn.[18] In November 1986 the SDLP called for Allister and other Unionist politicians to be prosecuted for incitement following a "violent" speech at a DUP demonstration in Carrickfergus,afterwards the crowd had attacked Catholic property resulting in the death of an elderly Catholic woman.[19]
That same month Allister organised a rally inaugurating the Ballymena battalion of a new loyalist paramilitary group,Ulster Resistance.[20][21] Allister,DUP Deputy Leader Peter Robinson,and Ulster Clubs chairman Alan Wright led hundreds of loyalists,many wearing paramilitary uniforms and some wearing masks,parading in a show of strength that culminated at Ballymena Town Hall,where DUP leader Ian Paisley was waiting. Inside Paisley donned a red Ulster Resistance beret on stage,daring the RUC to arrest him while Allister pledged his "personal support" to Ulster Resistance.[22][21]
Allister claimed that the RUC had erected a "ring of steel" around the town in an attempt to prevent them from marching to the site of the meeting;he was cheered when he informed the gathered crowd that the colour party had instead entered the town through adjoining fields.[21] The RUC denied any undue holdups and stated no arrests were made. When questioned by the press Allister declined to say how many were in attendance but claimed that Ulster Resistance rallies seemed to grow in size every night,declaring:
The only problem we have is that we are getting too many [Ulster Resistance] volunteers and we may have to slow down the recruiting process.[21]
His departure from active politics in June 1987 followed a reported disagreement with Paisley over a voting pact with James Molyneaux's UUP. The situation resembled fellow unionist politician and barrister Robert McCartney's in the North Down constituency. McCartney was expelled from the UUP around the same time for not accepting the policy of the leadership.
Queen's Counsel
Allister represented loyalist Clifford McKeown in court in 2003.[23] McKeown, who was already serving 12 years for gun possession, was ultimately found guilty of the murder of Catholic taxi driver Michael McGoldrick in 1996, said to have been done as a "birthday present" for Billy Wright.[23] Allister said that McKeown would be appealing against the conviction.[23]
Member of European Parliament
Allister returned to the DUP in 2004 and successfully ran as the party's candidate in that year's European Parliamentary election, topping the poll with 175,000 first preference votes, 32% of the total.
On 27 March 2007, Allister resigned from the DUP because of the party's decision to enter into government with Sinn Féin. It was the second occasion on which he had resigned from the party.[25]
In late 2007, there was speculation that Allister might found a new Unionist political party.[26] It was also claimed, on 10 October 2007, that he had been approached by the UK Independence Party (UKIP),[27] but he in fact proceeded to found the Traditional Unionist Voice movement on 7 December 2007.[28]
In the 2009 European elections, this time standing as a candidate of Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV), Allister polled 13.5% of the first preference votes cast but was not re-elected.[29]
Leader of the TUV
Jim Allister stood as a TUV candidate in the 2010 Westminster Parliamentary election in the North Antrim constituency. Having polled well in the previous year's European election, Allister stood a chance of winning the seat. This would have been a tremendous loss to the DUP, as it has historically been the party's safest seat and the seat of DUP founder and former party leader Ian Paisley. He came second in the poll with 7,114 votes to the DUP's Ian Paisley Jr who polled 19,672 votes.
Allister is a vocal critic of the A5 Western Transport Corridor, and claimed in 2010 a proposed bypass around Dungiven on the A6 would destroy some Protestant-owned farms and suggested this was planned "in order to avoid the more direct route which would disrupt the GAA facilities".[30]
In the 2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Allister was elected in the North Antrim constituency for the TUV and retained his seat in the 2016, 2017 and 2022 Assembly elections.
In 2012, the year after his first election as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly, Allister established at Parliament Buildings in Belfast an annual event to mark The European Day of Remembrance of Victims of Terrorism [31] – each year on the anniversary of the Madrid Bombings of 11 March 2004, the European Union remembers the victims of terrorist attacks across the world.[32]
In August 2012, Allister called the Parades Commission "little Hitlers" when they placed restrictions on a loyalist parade.[33]
In June 2013, a Private Members Bill [34] proposed by Allister - the Civil Service (Special Advisers) Bill,[35] was voted into law [36] at the Northern Ireland Assembly. The bill's aim was to tighten the rules governing appointment of Special Advisers (SPADS) [37] by ministers of the Northern Ireland government. Amongst other things, the new law debarred anyone convicted of an offence carrying a jail sentence of five years or more from appointment as a SPAD.[38] Mr Allister said that he was inspired to introduce the bill by the example of Ann Tavers who had protested against the appointment, in 2011, of former IRA member Mary McArdle to the position of Special Adviser by the then Sinn Féin minister for Culture and Arts.[39] Ms McArdle had been convicted for her part in the 1972 murder of Mary Travers and the serious wounding of her father, Tom Travers, a Belfast magistrate.[40] Some years later, Mr Allister recalled: "I labelled it 'Ann's Law' because that's a proper tribute to the driving force behind it. That's probably my proudest moment as a politician … to have left on the statute book the first victory in years for innocent victims."[5]
Allister opposed a motion pardoning gay men convicted for formerly illegal homosexual acts.[42]
In February 2021, the Functioning of Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill[43] was passed by a vote in the Northern Ireland Assembly. Introduced as a Private Members Bill by Jim Allister, the Bill's primary aim was to correct dysfunctional behaviour by Ministers, Special Advisers and Civil Servants who ran the government of Northern Ireland. The Coghlin Report (March 2020)[44] into the Renewable Heating Incentive scheme scandal[45] had proposed forty-four recommendations for improvement in the functioning of the Northern Ireland government and its Civil Service.[46] The NI Executive and Assembly had responded to this Report by creating a new Code of Conduct to address these failures.[47] But Mr Allister was of the opinion that this was insufficient and that law, rather than guidance, was necessary to remedy the problems identified in the Report.[48] The bill he proposed was complex, detailed and led to much debate in the Northern Ireland Parliament but most of its content was eventually approved, with only one of the parties in the Assembly objecting to all of its content.[49] As a result of the new law:[50] written records of all governmental meetings were to be taken by civil servants, confidential government business was no longer to be discussed via private email accounts, sharing of confidential information which could be used for private financial gain was to be a criminal offence, Ministers and Special Advisers were to sign a Registry of Interests which would show whether their personal financial interest overlapped with their elected responsibilities, and the appointment of so-called 'Super-Spads' by a political party rather than via the normal Civil Service appointment procedures was prohibited.[51] Finally, the First and deputy First Minister were to produce a report, every two years, regarding the functional performance of the government, its departments and attached Civil Service personnel.
An August 2021, opinion poll by the polling company LucidTalk found a large rise in support for Allister's party the TUV to 14% of first preference vote intentions in the upcoming May 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly elections. At the same time, the poll found that 51% of those who responded rated Allister's performance as "bad or awful", compared with "bad or awful" ratings for Paul Givan, Jeffrey Donaldson and Michelle O'Neill of 48%, 47% and 45% respectively.[52]
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. The party was founded as the Ulster Unionist Council in 1905, emerging from the Irish Unionist Alliance in Ulster. Under Edward Carson, it led unionist opposition to the Irish Home Rule movement. Following the partition of Ireland, it was the governing party of Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972. It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles, during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party (OUP).
Ian Richard Kyle Paisley, Baron Bannside, was a loyalist politician and Protestant religious leader from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) from 1971 to 2008 and First Minister of Northern Ireland from 2007 to 2008.
Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It was created as a separate legal entity on 3 May 1921, under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The new autonomous Northern Ireland was formed from six of the nine counties of Ulster: four counties with unionist majorities – Antrim, Armagh, Down, and Derry/Londonderry – and two counties with slight Irish nationalist majorities – Fermanagh and Tyrone – in the 1918 General Election. The remaining three Ulster counties with larger nationalist majorities were not included. In large part unionists, at least in the north-east, supported its creation while nationalists were opposed.
The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is a unionist, loyalist, British nationalist and national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley, who led the party for the next 37 years. It is currently led by Gavin Robinson, who is stepping in as an interim after the resignation of Jeffrey Donaldson. It is the second largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly, and is the fifth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The party has been described as centre-right to right-wing and socially conservative, being anti-abortion and opposing same-sex marriage. The DUP sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and republicanism. It is also Eurosceptic and supported Brexit.
Unionism in Ireland is a political tradition that professes loyalty to the crown of the United Kingdom and to the union it represents with England, Scotland and Wales. The overwhelming sentiment of Ireland's Protestant minority, unionism mobilised in the decades following Catholic Emancipation in 1829 to oppose restoration of a separate Irish parliament. Since Partition in 1921, as Ulster unionism its goal has been to retain Northern Ireland as a devolved region within the United Kingdom and to resist the prospect of an all-Ireland republic. Within the framework of the 1998 Belfast Agreement, which concluded three decades of political violence, unionists have shared office with Irish nationalists in a reformed Northern Ireland Assembly. As of February 2024, they no longer do so as the larger faction: they serve in an executive with an Irish republican First Minister.
Peter David Robinson is a retired Northern Irish politician who served as First Minister of Northern Ireland from 2008 until 2016 and Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) from 2008 until 2015. Until his retirement in 2016, Robinson was involved in Northern Irish politics for over 40 years, being a founding member of the DUP along with Ian Paisley.
Robert Thomas William McCrea, Baron McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown is a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician, Christian singer and retired Free Presbyterian minister from Northern Ireland. As a politician, he represented South Antrim and Mid Ulster as their Member of Parliament (MP), representing Mid Ulster from 1983 to 1997; then South Antrim between 2000 and 2001, and then again from 2005 to 2015.
The Northern Ireland peace process includes the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.
Dr Alasdair McDonnell is an Irish politician who is a member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and was its leader from 2011 to 2015. He was the Member of Parliament for Belfast South from 2005 to 2017 and also a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Northern Ireland for Belfast South from 1998 to 2015. He graduated from medical school at University College Dublin in 1974.
Samuel Wilson is a Northern Irish politician who was Chief Whip of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in the House of Commons from 2019 to 2024. Wilson has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for East Antrim since 2005. He served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast East from 1998 to 2003 and for East Antrim from 2003 until 2015. He served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 1986 to 1987 and again from 2000 to 2001, the first person from the DUP to hold the office. He has also served as Minister of Finance and Personnel and Minister of the Environment in the Northern Ireland Executive.
Ulster Resistance (UR), or the Ulster Resistance Movement (URM), is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary movement established by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in Northern Ireland in November 1986 in opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Troubles.
The Northern Ireland Assembly established in 1982 represented an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to restore the devolution to Northern Ireland which had been suspended 10 years previously. The Assembly was dissolved in 1986.
Jack McKee was a Northern Irish unionist politician who served as a Larne Borough Councillor for the Larne Area C DEA from 1973 to 1985, and then for Larne Town from 1985 to 2014.
The Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. In common with all other Northern Irish unionist parties, the TUV's political programme has as its sine qua non the preservation of Northern Ireland's place within the United Kingdom. A founding precept of the party is that "nothing which is morally wrong can be politically right".
The 2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election took place on Thursday, 5 May, following the dissolution of the Northern Ireland Assembly at midnight on 24 March 2011. It was the fourth election to take place since the devolved assembly was established in 1998.
The 2010 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland occurred on 6 May 2010 and all 18 seats in Northern Ireland were contested. 1,169,184 people were eligible to vote, up 29,191 from the 2005 general election. 57.99% of eligible voters turned out, down 5.5 percentage points from the last general election.
The Clontibret invasion was an incursion by Ulster loyalists into the small Monaghan village of Clontibret, in the Republic of Ireland, on 7 August 1986. After crossing the border the loyalists proceeded to vandalise many buildings in the village and attacked two police officers before being dispersed by the Garda Síochána. The incident occurred in the context of unionist opposition to the recently signed Anglo-Irish Agreement.
The 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election was held on 5 May 2022. It elected 90 members to the Northern Ireland Assembly. It was the seventh assembly election since the establishment of the assembly in 1998. The election was held three months after the Northern Ireland Executive collapsed due to the resignation of the First Minister, Paul Givan of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), in protest against the Northern Ireland Protocol.
A Northern Ireland Assembly election will be held to elect 90 members to the Northern Ireland Assembly by 6 May 2027.
↑ "Unionist opposition 'will emerge'". BBC News. 25 August 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2022. It was the second time he had quit the DUP fold, having left active politics in the 1980s after disagreeing with his leader's tactics over the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
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