Sweden Solar System

Swift-Tuttle

Halley

Earth, Eros, Saltis, Mars,
Sun, Mercury, Venus

Jupiter

Saturn and 5025 PL

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto and Charon

Ixion

Eris

Sedna

Termination Shock

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The Sweden Solar System

The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest permanent scale model of the Solar System. The Sun is represented by the Avicii Arena in Stockholm (still known by most as Globen), the largest hemispherical building in the world. The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities along the Baltic Sea. The system was started by Nils Brenning, professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and Gösta Gahm, professor at the Stockholm University. ^{[1] [2]} The model represents the Solar System on the scale of 1:20 000 000, i.e. one metre represents 20,000 km. ^[3]

The system

Avicii Arena, representing the Sun in the Sweden Solar System

The bodies represented in this model include the Sun, the planets (and some of their moons), dwarf planets and many types of small bodies (comets, asteroids, trans-Neptunians, etc.), as well as some abstract concepts (like the Termination Shock zone). Because of the existence of many small bodies in the real Solar System, the model can always be further increased.

The Sun is represented by the Avicii Arena (Globen), Stockholm, which is the largest hemispherical building in the world, 110 m (360 ft) in diameter. To respect the scale, the globe represents the Sun including its corona.^{[ citation needed ]}

Inner planets

Mercury Model just outside the Stockholm City Museum

• Mercury (25 cm (9.8 in) in diameter) is placed at Stockholm City Museum, 2,900 m (1.8 mi) from the Globe. The small metallic sphere was built by the artist Peter Varhelyi.
• Venus (62 cm (24 in) in diameter) is placed at Vetenskapens hus at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 5,500 m (3.4 mi) from the Globe. It was previously located at the Observatory Museum in Stockholm (now closed). A previous model, made by the United States artist Daniel Oberti, was inaugurated during a Venus transit on 8 June 2004 and placed at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. It fell and shattered around 11 June 2011.
• Earth (65 cm (26 in) in diameter) is located at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, 7,600 m (4.7 mi) from the Globe. Satellite images of the Earth are exhibited beside the Globe. An elaborate model of the Moon (18 cm (7.1 in) in diameter) is also on display, about 20 metres (66 ft) from the model of Earth.
• Mars (35 cm (14 in) in diameter) is located at Mörby centrum, a shopping centre and Stockholm metro station in Danderyd, a suburb of Stockholm. It is 11.6 km (7.2 mi) from the Globe. The model, made in copper by the Finnish artist Heikki Haapanen, is connected by an "umbilical cord" to a steel plate on the floor having an Earth image. ^[4] The globe also features marks that represent some typical Martian chemical elements.

Gas giants

• Jupiter (7.3 m (24 ft) in diameter) is placed inside the Clarion Hotel located at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sigtuna Municipality, 40 km (25 mi) from the Globe. Previously, it was made as a flower decoration, with different flowers representing different zones of the giant gas planet. Today, the planet is depicted as a ring light above a lobby. ^[5]
• Saturn (6.1 m (20 ft) in diameter) is placed outside the old observatory of Anders Celsius, in the square Celsiustorget in the centre of Uppsala, 73 km (45 mi) from the Globe. Inaugurated during the International Year of Astronomy, ^[6] the model is a mat with a picture of Saturn, but will eventually grow to crown a school planetarium in the city. In addition, several schools in Uppsala are to provide moons of Saturn: the first completed was Enceladus (diameter 2.5 cm or 0.98 in) at Kvarngärdesskolan. ^[7] (Note: The model was taken down due to vandalism)
• Uranus (2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) in diameter) was vandalized and the new model was reconstructed behind Stora magasinet in Lövstabruk in 2012. It is an outdoor model made of blue steel bars. The rotation axis of the planet is marked in red. ^[8]

2.5-m representation of Neptune, by the river Söderhamnsån in Söderhamn

• Neptune (2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in diameter) is located by the river Söderhamnsån in Söderhamn, a coast town with tradition of fishing and sailing (which relates to Neptune being the deity of the seas). Placed 229 km (142 mi) from the Globe, the model is made of acrylic and, at night, shines with a blue light.

Trans-Neptunian objects

• Pluto (12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter) and its largest moon Charon are placed near the southern of the Dellen lakes, in Delsbo, 300 km (190 mi) from the Globe. The lakes are thought to be formed by a meteorite impact 90 million years ago. The two bodies' sculptures are supported by two gravelike pillars (as Pluto is the deity for death), made up with dellenite, a rare mineral formed at that place by the meteorite impact.
• Haumea (8.5 cm (3.3 in) in diameter) and its moons are depicted in the 2047 Science Centre, Borlänge, 200 km (120 mi) from the Globe.
• Quaoar (6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter) is located in the library in Gislaved, 340 km (210 mi) from the Globe.
• Ixion (6.5 cm (2.6 in) in diameter), a dwarf planet candidate, is located at Technichus, a science center in Härnösand, 36 km (22 mi) from the Globe. The sculpture is an orb held by a hand with the arm. This plutino was discovered by a team which included scientists from Uppsala.
• Makemake (7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter) is located at Slottsskogsobservatoriet, an observatory in Gothenburg, 400 km (250 mi) from the Globe.
• 'Oumuamua (0.3 mm (0.012 in) in diameter) is placed in the village of Plönninge, Halland, 440 km (270 mi) from the Globe.
• Gonggong (7.5 cm (3.0 in) in diameter) is placed near the Tycho Brahe Observatory in Oxie, Malmö Municipality, 500 km (310 mi) from the Globe.
• Eris (13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter) is located at Umeå Arts Campus, Umeå, 518 km (322 mi) from the Globe. Made by Theresa Berg, the golden model is inspired by the mythical story of Eris sparking a quarrel between three Greek goddesses with a golden apple bearing the inscription καλλίστῃ (kallistē, "to the most beautiful one").
• Sedna (10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter), another dwarf planet candidate, is located at Teknikens Hus, a science center in Luleå, 734 km (456 mi) from the Globe. This represents a distance of about 15 billion km (100 AU); Sedna has a highly elliptical orbit, its distance from the Sun varying between 11–140 billion km (74–936 AU).

Other bodies

The dwarf planet Sedna

• 471926 Jörmungandr a minor planet in Stockholm.
• The near-Earth Object Eros is located at Mörbyskolan, a school in Danderyd Municipality (where Mars is located), 11 km (6.8 mi) from the Globe. It was created as a Valentine's Day project in gold, modeled after Eros, the god of love. The dimensions are 2 mm × 0.7 mm × 0.7 mm (0.079 in × 0.028 in × 0.028 in); (0.98 mm³ or 6.0×10⁻⁵ in³).
• The asteroid 36614 Saltis is located at Saltsjöbaden's Kunskapsskola, a school near the Stockholm Observatory. The asteroid was discovered by A. Brandeker in 2000, using a telescope at the observatory, and the body was named after the observatory's location, Saltsjöbaden.
• The asteroid Vesta is located at Åva gymnasium, a public secondary school in Täby.
• The asteroid 306367 Nut, a.k.a. 5025 PL for Palomar-Leiden, (0.2 mm (0.0079 in) in diameter) is located in a park in Knivsta Municipality, 60 km (37 mi) from the Globe. It is not a sculpture but a dot on a map of the System, placed in front of Erik Ståhl's monumental cosmic sculptures.
• Halley's Comet is located at Balthazar Science Center, in Skövde. Inaugurated on 16 December 2009, there are actually four models of the comet: three placed outdoors, based on schoolchildren's drawings, plus one indoors, consisting of a laser passing through a block of glass.
• Comet Swift-Tuttle is placed at Kreativum, a science center in Karlshamn. The comet's orbit is closest to the Globe in inner Stockholm and farthest in Karlshamn, 390 km (240 mi) away.
• The Termination Shock is at the edge of the heliosphere: it is the boundary where the solar wind transitions to subsonic velocity. No sculpture currently represents the termination shock, but a foundation for a future sculpture exists at the Institute of Space Physics, 950 km (590 mi) from the Globe, in Kiruna, above the Arctic Circle.

List of objects

Object	Distance from Globen [9]	Diameter [9]	Location [9]	Coordinates	Inauguration date
Sun	—	71 m (233 ft), the disk 110 m (361 ft), incl. the corona	Avicii Arena, Stockholm	59°17′36.80″N18°04′59.65″E / 59.2935556°N 18.0832361°E / 59.2935556; 18.0832361	19 February 1989
471926 Jörmungandr	1.8 km (1.1 mi)	0.05 mm	Ion Game Design office, Stockholm	59°18′34.7″N18°04′21.9″E / 59.309639°N 18.072750°E / 59.309639; 18.072750	23 September 2023 [10]
Mercury	2.99 km (1.86 mi)	25 cm (9.8 in)	Stockholm City Museum, Stockholm	59°19′10.8″N18°04′16.8″E / 59.319667°N 18.071333°E / 59.319667; 18.071333	1998
Venus	6.76 km (4.20 mi)	62 cm (24.4 in)	Vetenskapens hus, Stockholm	59°21′10.38″N18°03′30.78″E / 59.3528833°N 18.0585500°E / 59.3528833; 18.0585500	8 June 2004
Earth and Moon	8.58 km (5.33 mi)	65 cm (25.6 in) and 18 cm (7.1 in)	Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm	59°22′08.48″N18°03′12.34″E / 59.3690222°N 18.0534278°E / 59.3690222; 18.0534278	before 2000 [11]
(433) Eros	11 km (6.8 mi)	2.0 mm × 0.7 mm × 0.7 mm	Mörbyskolan, Danderyd	59°23′38″N18°02′41″E / 59.39389°N 18.04472°E / 59.39389; 18.04472	14 February 2000
(36614) Saltis	11 km (6.8 mi)	< 1 mm	Kunskapsskolan, Saltsjöbaden	59°16′21″N18°18′17″E / 59.27250°N 18.30472°E / 59.27250; 18.30472	14 January 2010 [12]
Mars	11.93 km (7.41 mi)	35 cm (13.8 in)	Mörby centrum, Danderyd	59°23′52.58″N18°02′11.58″E / 59.3979389°N 18.0365500°E / 59.3979389; 18.0365500	before 2000 [11]
4 Vesta	16.4 km (10.2 mi)	2.6 cm	Åva gymnasium, Täby	59°26′24″N18°03′47.16″E / 59.44000°N 18.0631000°E / 59.44000; 18.0631000	6 September 2017 [13]
Jupiter	40.6 km (25.2 mi)	7.3 m (24 ft)	Stockholm Arlanda Airport	59°38′58.52″N17°55′50.38″E / 59.6495889°N 17.9306611°E / 59.6495889; 17.9306611	before 2000 [11]
(306367) Nut (5025 PL)	60 km (37 mi)	0.2 mm	Knivsta	59°43′10″N17°48′07″E / 59.71944°N 17.80194°E / 59.71944; 17.80194
Saturn	67.9 km (42.2 mi)	6.1 m (20 ft)	Celsiustorget, Uppsala	59°51′34″N17°38′14″E / 59.85944°N 17.63722°E / 59.85944; 17.63722	2025 (Titan has been removed)
Uranus	124.8 km (77.5 mi)	2.6 m (8.5 ft)	Stora magasinet, Lövstabruk	60°24′31″N17°52′37″E / 60.40861°N 17.87694°E / 60.40861; 17.87694	13 October 2012 [14]
Haumea	200 km (120 mi)	10 cm	Borlänge	60°29′18.1″N15°25′51.5″E / 60.488361°N 15.430972°E / 60.488361; 15.430972
Halley's Comet	204 km (127 mi)	Four representations, not scale models. [a]	Balthazar Science Center, Skövde	58°23′14″N13°51′11″E / 58.38722°N 13.85306°E / 58.38722; 13.85306	16 December 2009 [17]
Neptune	230.9 km (143.5 mi)	2.5 m (8.2 ft)	by the river Söderhamnsån, Söderhamn	61°18′07″N17°03′19″E / 61.30194°N 17.05528°E / 61.30194; 17.05528	29 October 1998 [18]
Pluto and Charon	291.4 km (181.1 mi)	12 cm (4.7 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in)	by the lake Dellen South, Delsbo	61°47′50.13″N16°32′59.96″E / 61.7972583°N 16.5499889°E / 61.7972583; 16.5499889	before 2000 [11]
50000 Quaoar	340 km (210 mi)	6 cm	Gislaved Library, Gislaved	57°17′46.9″N13°31′49.8″E / 57.296361°N 13.530500°E / 57.296361; 13.530500	18 November 2017 [19]
(28978) Ixion	360 km (220 mi)	6.5 cm (2.6 in)	Technichus, Härnösand	62°37′49″N17°56′12″E / 62.63028°N 17.93667°E / 62.63028; 17.93667	18 April 2002 [20]
174567 Varda	370 km (230 mi)	33 mm	Bohusläns museum, Uddevalla	58°20′57.4″N11°55′44.0″E / 58.349278°N 11.928889°E / 58.349278; 11.928889	4 September 2021 [21]
109P/Swift-Tuttle comet	390 km (240 mi)	< 1 cm	Kreativum, Karlshamn	56°11′39″N14°51′09″E / 56.19417°N 14.85250°E / 56.19417; 14.85250
Makemake	400 km (250 mi)	7 cm	Slottsskogsobservatoriet, Gothenburg	57°41′28.3″N11°56′36.4″E / 57.691194°N 11.943444°E / 57.691194; 11.943444	23 September 2017 [22]
ʻOumuamua	440 km (270 mi)	0.3 mm	Halmstad Municipality	56°44′04.8″N12°44′42.8″E / 56.734667°N 12.745222°E / 56.734667; 12.745222	August 2018
225088 Gonggong	400 km (250 mi)	7.5 cm	Tycho Brahe-observatoriet, Oxie	55°32′33.9″N13°05′04.0″E / 55.542750°N 13.084444°E / 55.542750; 13.084444	23 September 2017 [23]
(136199) Eris	510 km (320 mi)	13 cm (5.1 in)	Umeå Arts Campus, Umeå	63°49′14.2″N20°16′34.1″E / 63.820611°N 20.276139°E / 63.820611; 20.276139	6 December 2007 [24]
(90377) Sedna	810 km (500 mi)	10 cm (3.9 in)	Teknikens Hus, Luleå	65°36′59.50″N22°08′06.00″E / 65.6165278°N 22.1350000°E / 65.6165278; 22.1350000	8 December 2005 [25]
Termination shock	950 km (590 mi)	A plate	Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna	67°50′27″N20°24′34.5″E / 67.84083°N 20.409583°E / 67.84083; 20.409583

Gallery

• 
  The Avicii Arena represents the Sun. The rest of the Solar System is scattered in, and north of, Stockholm.
• 
  Mercury in Stockholm
• 
  Venus in Stockholm
• 
  Earth in Stockholm
• 
  Luna/Moon in Stockholm
• 
  Mars in Stockholm
• 
  Jupiter in Stockholm Arlanda Airport
• 
  Titan in Uppsala
• 
  Uranus in Lövstabruk
• 
  Neptune in Söderhamn
• 
  Pluto in Delsbo
• 
  Saltis in Saltsjöbaden
• 
  Asteroid Vesta in Täby
• 
  Ixion in Härnösand
• 
  ʻOumuamua in Halland
• 
  Eris in Umeå
• 
  Sedna in Luleå
• 
  The foundation for the sculpture of the Termination Shock in front of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna.

See also

• Solar System portal

• Nine Views
• Somerset Space Walk

Notes

1. Halley's Comet has a nucleus only 11 km in diameter, so if it were to scale, it would be only about half a millimetre (1⁄50 inch) in diameter. Its coma is up to 100,000 km in length, which would correspond to a "tail" of up to 5 metres. ^{[15] [16]}

References

1. "Sweden Solar System: Bakgrund" (in Swedish). Sweden Solar System. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
2. "Contact | Sweden Solar System".
3. "Sweden Solar System: English summary". Sweden Solar System. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
4. "404". Danderyd Municipality.{{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
5. Karlsson, Lars. "Sweden Solar System – Jupiter ver. 2". astrofriend.eu. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
6. Press release, linked 8 June 2009.
7. List Archived 29 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine of moons of Saturn assigned to schools in Uppsala (in Swedish).
8. "Uranus landade i Lövsta". 14 October 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
9. "Sweden Solar System: Stationer" (in Swedish). Sweden Solar System. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
10. "Asteroid Jormungandr – Sweden Solar System". swedensolarsystem.se.
11. "Tours of Model Solar Systems". Psych.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
12. "Ny Teknik: Saltis invigs i Saltis". Archived from the original on 23 June 2010.
13. "Åva gymnasium".
14. "Uranus invigdes i Lövstabruk – Upsala Nya Tidning". 13 October 2012.
15. Elizabeth Howell (13 January 2022). "Halley's Comet: Facts About the Most Famous Comet". Space.com.
16. "In Sweden You'll Find the World's Largest Scale Model of the Solar System". 8 October 2014.
17. "Sweden Solar System: Halleys komet". Ttt.astro.su.se. 16 December 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
18. "Neptunus i Söderhamn". hjalm.org.
19. "Quaoar – Sweden Solar System". swedensolarsystem.se.
20. "Technichus' Exhibitions". Technichus home Page. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
21. "varda – Sweden Solar System". swedensolarsystem.se.
22. "Makemake – Sweden Solar System". swedensolarsystem.se.
23. "Gonggong – Sweden Solar System". swedensolarsystem.se.
24. "Umeå kommun: Umeå får en egen himlakropp". Archived from the original on 29 September 2011.
25. "Luleå är Sedna. I alla fall om vår sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm". Norrbotten Kuriren (in swedish). Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.

External links

• Sweden Solar System's webpage
• All objects on Openstreetmap