Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Most lepidopterans are moths, and there are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other families of the Noctuoidea. It was considered the largest family in Lepidoptera for a long time, but after regrouping Lymantriinae, Catocalinae and Calpinae within the family Erebidae, the latter holds this title now. Currently, Noctuidae is the second largest family in Noctuoidea, with about 1,089 genera and 11,772 species. However, this classification is still contingent, as more changes continue to appear between Noctuidae and Erebidae.
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species which have been described previously or are related. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of the type material and states in which museums it has been deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct.
The wingspan is 34–38mm. Adults fly from July to September depending on the location.
The wingspan of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777-200 has a wingspan of 60.93 metres, and a wandering albatross caught in 1965 had a wingspan of 3.63 metres, the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other fixed-wing aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stands at 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m) and owns one of the largest wingspans at 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m).
Abies lasiocarpa, commonly called the subalpine fir or Rocky Mountain fir, is a western North American fir tree.
Abies grandis is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest and Northern California of North America, occurring at altitudes of sea level to 1,800 m. It is a major constituent of the Grand Fir/Douglas Fir Ecoregion of the Cascade Range.
Abies concolor, the white fir, is a coniferous tree in the pine family Pinaceae. This tree is native to the mountains of western North America from the southern Cascade range in Oregon, south throughout California and into the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir in northern Baja California; west through parts of southern Idaho, to Wyoming; and south throughout the Colorado Plateau and southern Rocky Mountains in Utah and Colorado, and into the isolated mountain ranges of southern Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico. White fir live over 300-years and naturally occur at an elevation between 900–3,400 m (2,950–11,200 ft).
Picea abies, the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce, which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce is widely planted for its wood, and is the species used as the main Christmas tree in several cities around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced, and one clone has been measured as 9,560 years old.
In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term original combination or protonym is used in the same way in zoology. Bacteriology uses a similar term, basonym, spelled without an i.
Picea obovata, the Siberian spruce, is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains east to Magadan Oblast, and from the Arctic tree line south to the Altay Mountains in northwestern Mongolia.
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name, although the term is used somewhat differently in the zoological code of nomenclature. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, Picea abies.
Dendrolimus pini, the pine-tree lappet, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in most of Europe ranging to eastern Asia.
The cloaked pug is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1781 and it can be found in Europe and to the east in Siberia.
Syngrapha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Dasychira plagiata is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Newfoundland, from Labrador to Alberta, in Massachusetts, New York and North Carolina.
Syngrapha rectangula, the salt and pepper looper or angulated cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by William Kirby in 1837. It is found in Newfoundland, Quebec, northern Ontario to Manitoba, New Jersey, northern Pennsylvania, southern Michigan, northern Wisconsin, North Carolina, Virginia, British Columbia, Alberta, Montana, northern Idaho and the Cascades.
Syngrapha alias, the hooked silver Y, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in from Newfoundland to Alaska and Vancouver Island, north to near the treeline and south in the west to coastal north California and Arizona, in the east to North Carolina.
Cydia pactolana, the spruce bark tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in central, northern and eastern Europe as well as Siberia. In Japan, the subspecies Cydia pactolana yasudai is present.
Syngrapha angulidens is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Alaska south in the mountains to northern Oregon, western Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico and east to Colorado, western Wyoming, Montana and Alberta.
Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana, the spruce bud moth or Ratzeburg tortricid, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to eastern Russia and China. Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana is a taxonomically similar species to Zeiraphera canadensis and can only be distinguished by an anal comb found in Z. canadensis.
Tetracis pallulata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1887. It is found in western North America from southern California north to British Columbia, east to Idaho and western Montana from near sea level to 2,200 meters.
Epinotia radicana, the red-striped needleworm moth, is a species of moth of the Tortricidae family. It is found in western Canada, including British Columbia and the Alberta.
Cinara pilicornis, the spruce shoot aphid or brown spruce shoot aphid, is an aphid species in the genus Cinara found on Norway spruce and Sitka spruce. It is a quite large aphid species with a plump, dull brown body. It seems to have little effect on the tree. It is a European species but it has also been reported in spruce forests in New Zealand, together with the spruce aphid.
Eupithecia annulata, the larch pug moth, is a moth in the family Geometridae. The species was first described by George Duryea Hulst in 1896. It is found in North America from British Columbia north to the Yukon, east to Newfoundland and Labrador and south to California and Colorado.
Argyrotaenia occultana, the fall spruce needle moth, is a species of moth of the Tortricidae family. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia north to Yukon and Northwest Territories, east to Newfoundland and south to Kentucky and Oregon. The habitat consists of spruce forests.
Clepsis persicana, the white triangle tortrix or the green needleworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alaska and British Columbia to Newfoundland and south to Virginia and west to California. The habitat consists of coniferous and mixed coniferous forests.
Acleris abietana, the Perth button, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe, where it has been recorded from Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary and Russia. The habitat consists of coniferous woodlands.
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