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In biology, syntrophy, synthrophy, or cross-feeding is the phenomenon of one species living off the metabolic products of another species. In this type of biological interaction, the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other partner. Jan Dolfing describes syntrophy as "the critical interdependency between producer and consumer". This term for nutritional interdependence is often used in microbiology to describe this symbiotic relationship between bacterial species. Morris et al. have described the process as "obligately mutualistic metabolism".
Afifella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). Afifella are found in marine and estuarine settings, including microbial mats. They are anaerobes, with one cultured representative capable of photosynthesis.
Syntrophobacter wolinii is a species of bacteria notable for degrading propionate. It is non-motile, gram-negative and rod-shaped.
Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens is a species of bacteria notable for degrading propionate. It is notable for being syntrophic and for oxidising propionate. Its cells are egg-shaped. TB8106T is its type strain.
Syntrophomonas wolfei is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic and fatty acid-oxidizing. It has a multilayered cell wall of the gram-negative type.
Thermacetogenium phaeum is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic and acetate-oxidizing. Its cells are gram-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Its type strain is PBT. It has a potential biotechnological role.
Clostridium uliginosum is a mesophilic bacterium oxidizing acetate in syntrophic association with a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic bacterium. It is a spore-forming, gram-positive, rod-shaped organism, with type strain BST. Its genome has been sequenced.
Pelobacter propionicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin. It is Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic and non-spore-forming. Ott Bd 1 is the type strain.
Syntrophomonas sapovorans is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic, and fatty acid-oxidizing and obligately proton-reducing. Its type strain is OM. It has a doubling time of 40 hours. It is part of the family Syntrophomonadaceae based on comparative small-subunit (SSU) rRNA sequence analysis. This family currently contains three genera, Syntrophomonas, Syntrophospora, and Thermosyntropha, as well as two closely related isolates, strains FSM2 and FSS7.
Syntrophomonas palmitatica is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic and fatty acid-oxidizing. Its type strain is GB8-1T. Cells are slightly curved, non-motile rods.
Syntrophomonas zehnderi is a bacterium. It is anaerobic, syntrophic and fatty acid-oxidizing. The type strain is OL-4T. Cells are slightly curved, non-motile rods.
Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans is a species of syntrophic propionate-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium. Strain MPOBT is the type strain. Its genome has been fully sequenced.
"Syntrophothermus lipocalidus" is a bacterium, the type species and only currently described species in its genus. It is thermophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing and anaerobic, and utilises isobutyrate. TGB-C1T is its type strain. Its genome has been fully sequenced.
Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum is an anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus. The type strain is strain SI(T).
Smithella propionica is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is anaerobic, syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacteria, with type strain LYPT.
Afifella pfennigii is a bacterial species from the genus Afifella which has been isolated from benthic microbial mat from a brackish water pond on the Rangiroa Atoll on the French Polynesia Islands.
Syntrophobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Syntrophobacteraceae. Syntrophobacter have the ability to grow on propionate.
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References
- ↑ Wallrabenstein, Christina; Hauschild, Elisabeth; Schink, B. (1995). "Syntrophobacter pfennigii sp. nov., new syntrophically propionate-oxidizing anaerobe growing in pure culture with propionate and sulfate". Archives of Microbiology. 164 (5): 346–352. doi:10.1007/s002030050273. ISSN 0302-8933. S2CID 23617853.
