Trichur Subramaniam Rukmani | |
---|---|
Born | |
Nationality | Indian |
Occupation(s) | Professor, Translator |
Title | |
Academic background | |
Education | PhD in Sanskrit |
Alma mater | University of Delhi |
Thesis | A Critical Study of the Bhagavata Purana with special reference to Bhakti [1] (1958) |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University of Delhi,University of Durban-Westville,Concordia University |
Trichur Subramaniam Rukmani,often known as T. S. Rukmani,is a Sanskritist who served many years on the faculty of Concordia University (1996-2012) and retired in 2012. She translated many Sanskrit texts into English.
Rukmani was born in Kerala State,India. [2] She received a B.A. in Sanskrit,Mathematics,Economics and English (University of Delhi,1952),and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Sanskrit (University of Delhi,1954 and 1958). [1] She later received an honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) degree from University of Delhi (1991) in recognition of her four-volume translation of a Sanskrit text on Yoga philosophy by Vijnanabhiksu. [2]
From 1964 to 1981 Rukmani served as Lecturer or Senior Lecturer at Indraprastha College,University of Delhi. [1] From 1982 to 1993 she served as the Principal of Miranda House,University of Delhi. [1] From 1993 to 1995,she served as Professor and Head of the Department of Hindu Studies and Indian Philosophy,University of Durban-Westville,in Durban,South Africa. [1] From 1996 to 2012 she served as Professor and Chair of the Department of Hindu Studies at Concordia University in Montreal,Canada. [1] [3]
In the mid-1990s,Rukmani served as chief editor of the Journal of the Indological Society of Southern Africa [1] and of Nidān:International Journal for Indian Studies, [4] and has served on the boards of several other journals,such as the Journal of Hinduism and the Journal of Hindu Studies (Oxford). [1] [5]
In 2013,Rukmani was the subject of a festschrift. [6]
Patanjali, also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra, was a Hindu author, mystic and philosopher. Very little is known about him, and while no one knows exactly when he lived; from analysis of his works it is estimated that it was between the 2nd and 4th centuries CE.
Kapila, also referred to as Cakradhanus, is a sage in Hindu tradition. According to Bhagavata Purana, he is the son of the sage Kardama and Devahuti, the daughter of the Svayambhuva Manu. Kardama had nine daughters, who were very learned and went ahead to marry Marici, as well as other great sages. When he came of age, Kapila is most well-known as the founder of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. Kapila of Samkhya fame is considered a Vedic sage, estimated to have lived in the 6th-century BCE, or the 7th-century BCE.^ His home was in Mithila. His influence on Buddha and Buddhism have long been the subject of scholarly studies.
The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali is a collection of Sanskrit sutras (aphorisms) on the theory and practice of yoga – 195 sutras and 196 sutras. The Yoga Sutras was compiled in the early centuries CE, by the sage Patanjali in India who synthesized and organized knowledge about yoga from much older traditions.
In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga was both the goal of yoga and a method to attain it. The term also became a modern name for the practice of yoga in the 19th-century when Swami Vivekananda gave his interpretation of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali in his book Raja Yoga. Since then, Rāja yoga has variously been called aṣṭāṅga yoga, royal yoga, royal union, sahaja marg, and classical yoga.
The Bhagavata Purana, also known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana or simply Bhagavata, is one of Hinduism's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas). Composed in Sanskrit by Veda Vyasa, it promotes bhakti (devotion) towards Krishna, integrating themes from the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Adi Shankara, the Vishishtadvaita of Ramanujacharya and the Dvaita (dualism) of Madhvacharya. It is widely available in almost all Indian languages.
Vijñānabhikṣu was a Hindu philosopher from Bihar, variously dated to the 15th or 16th century, known for his commentary on various schools of Hindu philosophy, particularly the Yoga text of Patanjali. His scholarship stated that there is a unity between Vedānta, Yoga, and Samkhya philosophies, and he is considered a significant influence on Neo-Vedanta movement of the modern era.
Dr. Balji Nath Pandit (1916–2007) was a Sanskrit scholar and authority of Kashmir Shaivaism.
Purushartha literally means "object(ive) of men". It is a key concept in Hinduism, and refers to the four proper goals or aims of a human life. The four puruṣārthas are Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha.
The Sangita-Ratnakara, संगीतरत्नाकर,, literally "Ocean of Music and Dance", is one of the most important musicological texts from India. Composed by Śārṅgadeva (शार्ङ्गदेव) in Sanskrit during the 13th century, both Carnatic music and Hindustani music traditions of Indian classical music regard it as a definitive text. The author was a part of the court of King Singhana II (1210–1247) of the Yādava dynasty whose capital was Devagiri, Maharashtra.
Gheranda Samhita is a Sanskrit text of Yoga in Hinduism. It is one of the three classic texts of hatha yoga, and one of the most encyclopedic treatises in yoga. Fourteen manuscripts of the text are known, which were discovered in a region stretching from Bengal to Rajasthan. The first critical edition was published in 1933 by Adyar Library, and the second critical edition was published in 1978 by Digambarji and Ghote. Some of the Sanskrit manuscripts contain ungrammatical and incoherent verses, and some cite older Sanskrit texts.
Svādhyāya is a Sanskrit term which means self-study and especially the recitation of the Vedas and other sacred texts. It is also a broader concept with several meanings. In various schools of Hinduism, Svadhyaya is a Niyama connoting introspection and "study of self".
Dimitrios Galanos or Demetrios Galanos was the earliest recorded Greek Indologist. His translations of Sanskrit texts into Greek made knowledge of the philosophical and religious ideas of India available to many Europeans.
Satya Vrat Shastri was an Indian Sanskrit scholar, writer, grammarian and poet. He wrote three Mahakavyas, three Khandakavyas, one Prabandhakavyas and one Patrakavya and five works in critical writing in Sanskrit. His important works are Ramakirtimahakavyam, Brahattaram Bharatam, Sribodhisattvacharitam, Vaidika Vyakarana, Sarmanyadesah Sutram Vibhati, and "Discovery of Sanskrit Treasures" in seven volumes.
Āśrama is a system of stages of life discussed in Hindu texts of the ancient and medieval eras. The four asramas are: Brahmacharya (student), Gṛhastha (householder), Vanaprastha, and Sannyasa (renunciate).
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. (MRML) is a leading publishing house located in New Delhi, India. Established in 1952 by Manohar Lal Jain, it is one of the oldest publishing houses in India.
Lal Mani Joshi was a Buddhist scholar and professor of comparative religions and Buddhist studies in a number of distinguished universities of India and USA.
Batakrishna Ghosh (1905-1950) was an Indian linguist, who specialised in Indo-European linguistics. He was born in 1905 and died at the age of 45 in 1950. He wrote a number of books and articles on Sanskrit and Indo-European linguistics. He translated Wilhelm Geiger's German book on the Pali language into English, published by the University of Calcutta.
Adya Rangacharya, known as R.V. Jagirdar till 1948, later popularly known by his pen name Sriranga, was an Indian Kannada writer, actor and scholar, and a member of the Adya Jahagirdar family. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1967 and the Sahitya Akademi Award for literature in 1971 for Kalidasa, a literary criticism in Kannada.
Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism, though it is only at the end of the first millennium CE that Yoga is mentioned as a separate school of thought in Indian texts, distinct from Samkhya. Ancient, medieval and most modern literature often refers to Yoga-philosophy simply as Yoga. A systematic collection of ideas of Yoga is found in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, a key text of Yoga which has influenced all other schools of Indian philosophy.
Dr. Satyanarayana Dasa is an Indian Gaudiya Vaisnava scholar and practitioner. Dasa is a polymath, holding a Ph.D. in Sanskrit from Agra University, a degree in Indian law from Agra University, a Bachelors of Technology in Mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology and a Masters of Technology in Industrial Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology. Currently based in India at the Jiva Institute, which he founded, Dasa has published numerous books and original papers in the field of Gaudiya Vaisnavism including translations and commentaries on the Sat Sandarbhas. His honors include an award from the President of India in 2012. Dasa has been called a leading living practitioner-scholar of Jīva Gosvāmin.