Tahuantinsuyoa

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Tahuantinsuyoa
Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza male.jpeg
T. macantzatza, male
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cichliformes
Family: Cichlidae
Tribe: Cichlasomatini
Genus:Tahuantinsuyoa
S. O. Kullander, 1986
Type species
Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza
S. O. Kullander, 1986

Tahuantinsuyoa is a small genus of cichlids endemic to Peru where they are found in the Amazon Basin.

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Cichlid Family of fishes

Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Cichliformes. Cichlids were traditionally classed in a suborder, Labroidei, along with the wrasses (Labridae), in the order Perciformes but molecular studies have contradicted this grouping. The closest living relatives of cichlids are probably the convict blennies and both families are classified in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as the two families in the Cichliformes, part of the subseries Ovalentaria. This family is both large and diverse. At least 1,650 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain undescribed. The actual number of species is therefore unknown, with estimates varying between 2,000 and 3,000.

Endemism ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location or habitat

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. The extreme opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution. An alternative term for a species that is endemic is precinctive, which applies to species that are restricted to a defined geographical area.

Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus: [1]

Sven O. Kullander Swedish ichthyologist

Sven Oscar Kullander is a Swedish biologist specialised in ichthyology. He primarily researches cichlids – notably the genus Apistogramma and the Cichlasoma-complex – and other tropical fresh water fishes. He also has been working with endangered fish species in Sweden.

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Cichlasoma is a genus of fish in the cichlid family. The genus was previously very large, including cichlids from North America, including Central America, and South America.

<i>Apistogramma</i> genus of fishes

Apistogramma is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in South America. They are relatively small and belong among the dwarf cichlids. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, with males generally larger and differently coloured to females. In a few species this pattern is reverse. All species are micropredators. Their main prey items consist of fry of other fish, insect larvae and other invertebrates. Brood care is highly developed, as in most cichlids. Nearly all species spawn in caves, typically under rocks or in holes in sunken logs or branches. In three of the described species, A. barlowi, A. megastoma, and A. pantalone, both females and males are mouthbrooding. A number of breeding strategies exist. Some species breed in polygamous harems, while other species form monogamous pairs. In most cases, regardless of the breeding strategy, the female is more highly involved with brood care, whilst the male defends a territory from predators. The sex of the fry is affected by the water conditions, with warmer and more acid water favoring more males.

<i>Aequidens</i> genus of fishes

Aequidens is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in South America. Formerly a wastebasket genus, as presently defined Aequidens is largely restricted to the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and river basins in The Guianas. The only exceptions are A. plagiozonatus which also occurs in the Paraná Basin, and A. tetramerus which also occurs in the Parnaíba River.

<i>Geophagus</i> genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America

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<i>Danio</i> genus of fishes

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<i>Mikrogeophagus</i> genus of fishes

Mikrogeophagus is a genus of small cichlids native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. Both species are popular with aquarists, especially M. ramirezi.

<i>Australoheros</i> genus of fishes

Australoheros is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was erected after a taxonomic revision in 2006. These are relatively small cichlids that typically do not surpass 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in) in length, although A. facetus reaches about 20 cm (7.9 in).

<i>Bujurquina</i> genus of fishes

Bujurquina is a genus of cichlid fish endemic to South America. Most species in the genus are restricted to the western Amazon Basin. The only exceptions are B. mariae from the Orinoco Basin, and B. oenolaemus and B. vittata from the Paraguay–Paraná Basin.

<i>Teleocichla</i> genus of fishes

Teleocichla is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae found in the Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins and Jari River basins, which are part of the Amazon River Basin in Brazil. All species are rheophilic, and highly elongated in shape. They generally are smaller than 9 cm (3.5 in) in length, making them some of the smallest cichlids of the Americas. Only T. preta can grow larger, reaching about 12 cm (4.7 in). Since restricted to areas with fast currents, they are particularly vulnerable to the building of dams, and the Belo Monte Dam may cause the extinction of T. centisquama. Other species recognized as threatened by Brazil's Ministry of the Environment are T. cinderella, T. prionogenys and T. wajapi.

<i>Mesonauta</i> genus of fishes

Mesonauta, the flag cichlids, is a small genus of cichlids native to the Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo, Paraná and Paraguay basins in South America. Mesonauta is included in the subfamily Cichlasomatinae. They occur in various freshwater habitats such as streams and lakes, especially in areas with little water movement and aquatic vegetation. They are generally found in small groups that stay near the water surface. To avoid predators, adults may jump out of the water and juveniles mimic leaves.

Cichlasomatinae subfamily of cichlid fishes

The Cichlasomatinae are a subfamily of cichlid fishes, including all ciclids native to the Greater Antilles, United States, Mexico and Central America, and many of the cichlids from South America. The subfamily Cichlasomatinae is often divided into two tribes: Cichlasomatini and Heroini, however some authorities classify these two tribes as part of the wider Neotropical and marginally Nearctic subfamily Cichlinae.

<i>Andinoacara</i> genus of fishes

Andinoacara is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae. The genus was described in 2009. Before this the members of Andinoacara were placed in the "catch-all" genus Aequidens although they are not closely related to the other members of this genus. The genus Andinoacara is restricted to freshwater habitats in northwestern South America and southern Central America. There are no members of the genus in the Amazon Basin.

Han Nijssen was a Dutch ichthyologist.

Mazarunia is a genus of cichlids from the Mazaruni River, a tributary of the Essequibo River in Guyana. They are dwarf cichlids that do not surpass 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in length.

<i>Pethia</i> genus of fishes

Pethia is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae native to South Asia, East Asia(only Pethia stoliczkana recorded)and Mainland Southeast Asia. Some species are commonly seen in the aquarium trade. The name Pethia is derived from the Sinhalese "pethia", a generic word used to describe any of several small species of cyprinid fishes. Members of this genus were formerly included in Puntius.

<i>Badis</i> (genus) genus of fishes

Badis is a genus of fish in the family Badidae found in South Asia, Southeast Asia and China. These species have a sharp spine on the opercle, soft and spinous parts of the dorsal fin contiguous, three spines in the anal fin, tubed pores in the lateral line, villiform teeth and a rounded caudal fin. In addition, they differ from the related genus Dario (genus) by being larger and displaying more involved parental care.

<i>Dario</i> (genus) genus of fishes

Dario is a genus of very small chameleonfishes native to streams and freshwater pools in China (Yunnan), India and Myanmar. Depending on exact species, they are up to 1.5–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) in standard length, and reddish or brownish in colour.

Cichlasomatini tribe of Cichlids

Cichlastomatini is a tribe of cichlids from South America, one of two tribes that make up the subfamily Cichlasomatinae. They were recognised in 1983 as an assemblage by the Swedish ichthyologist Sven O. Kullander by their four rather than five 5 dentary foramina in the lateralis canal system of the head, describing them as closely related to the genus Cichlasoma. Melanie Stiassny suggested that these fishes recognised as a clade by Kullander were divided into two groupings in 1991 which she termed cichlasomines and heroines, Kullander formally raised these to the tribes Cichlasomatini and Heroini of the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in 1999. In other classifications the tribe Cichlasomatini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae.

Geophagini tribe of fishes

Geophagus is a tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt.

References

  1. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Tahuantinsuyoa in FishBase . April 2013 version.