Tal der Ahnungslosen (Valley of the Clueless) was a sarcastic designation for two regions in the southeast and northeast of East Germany (GDR) that were generally unable to receive television broadcasts from West Germany (FRG) from the mid to late 1950s until early 1990, shortly before German reunification. These broadcasts included the West German public broadcasters ARD and ZDF. [1] [2]
East Germans jokingly used the abbreviation ARD to stand for Außer Rügen und Dresden (except Rügen and Dresden), since the programmes could be viewed in almost all other parts of East Germany, such as Erfurt, Leipzig, Magdeburg, Rostock, and Schwerin. West German television stations were widely regarded as more up-to-date and reliable in their coverage than their East German counterpart, Fernsehen der DDR.
As a result, people who could not receive those stations were considered less well-informed about contemporary events in their country and the wider world, even though they still had access to some international radio. [3] The West German broadcasters took measures to cover as much of East Germany as possible, building high-powered transmitter sites on the highest ground possible near the border (as well as in West Berlin) and placing ARD on the VHF Band I channels which carried the farthest. Notable in this regard was the transmitter on Ochsenkopf in Bavaria, which covered much of southern East Germany with ARD on VHF channel E4 (61–68 MHz), but required the use of large and conspicuous antennas nicknamed Ochsenkopfantenne for reception.
Tony Judt noted that by the mid-1980s the East German government even ran a cable from the West German border to the Dresden area, in what he described as "the wishful belief that if East Germans could watch West German television at home they would not feel the need to emigrate". [4] However, a 2009 study of the opened Stasi documents revealed that dissatisfaction with the regime was recorded higher in the "Valley of the Clueless". [5]
Effects of these media exposure differences have been found to last a decade after German reunification, with those not exposed to Western television broadcasts less inclined to believe that effort rather than luck determines success in life. [6]