Tallinn Power Plant | |
---|---|
Official name | Tallinna Elektrijaam |
Country | Estonia |
Location | Tallinn |
Coordinates | 59°26′40″N24°45′2″E / 59.44444°N 24.75056°E |
Status | Decommissioned |
Construction began | 1912 |
Commission date | 24 March 1913 |
Decommission date | 2 February 1979 |
Thermal power station | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Secondary fuel | Oil shale |
Tertiary fuel | Peat |
Cogeneration? | Yes |
External links | |
Commons | Related media on Commons |
The Tallinn Power Plant (Estonian : Tallinna elektrijaam) is a former power plant located in Tallinn, Estonia. Construction of the power plant was initiated by Volta company and it was decided by the Tallinn City Council in 1912 after the work of special committee established in 1909. [1] The plant was located next to the Tallinn Gas Factory at the location of the former Stuart fortress. [2] The plant was designed by Volta and the architect was Hans Schmidt. [1] [2] Originally it used three Laval-type 250 horsepower (0.19 MW) steam turbines and three 250 horsepower (0.19 MW) electric generators—all produced by Volta. Two coal-fired boilers were manufactured by AS Franz Krull. The power plant was opened on 24 March 1913, and originally it was fired by coal. [1] In 1919–1920 the plant was expanded and transferred to peat and wood. [1] [3] In 1924 the power plant was switched to oil shale. [1] [4] [5] [6] It was the first power plant in the world to employ oil shale as its primary fuel. [7] [8] In 1939, the plant achieved capacity of 22 MW. [6] [9]
In 1929, a new turbine hall and in 1932 a new switchboard were commissioned. [3] In 1941, the power plant was destroyed by leaving Soviet troops but was restored by 1948. A new 102.5-metre (336 ft) flue-gas stack was built. [2] On 9 October 1959, the plant started to operate as combined heat and power plant providing district heating to Tallinn. [10] In 1965, the plant was switched to fuel oil. [3] The plant ceased electricity production on 2 February 1979. [10]
In 1978, the power plant area was used for the Andrei Tarkovsky's film Stalker as the threshold to the Zone. The UN's acronym, which is still visible, was painted on the power plant's flue-gas stack. [11] A memorial plate of the film was set up on the flue-gas stack in 2008.[ citation needed ]
Since 1984, the former power plant boiler house is used as an energy museum. Since 2011, the power plant complex is used for hosting the Tallinn Creative Hub ( Kultuurikatel ). [12]
Eesti Energia AS is a public limited energy company in Estonia with its headquarters in Tallinn. It is the world's biggest oil shale to energy company. The company was founded in 1939. As of 2014, it operates in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Jordan and Utah, United States. In Estonia, the company operates under the name Eesti Energia, while using the brand name Enefit for international operations. The main raw material for energy production – oil shale – is extracted from mines located in Eastern-Estonia and owned by the company. The group of Eesti Energia has three main operation areas: electricity generation, shale oil production, and sale and distribution of electricity. Its shares are owned by the Government of Estonia.
The Narva Power Plants are a power generation complex in and near Narva in Estonia, near the border with Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The complex consists of the world's two largest oil shale-fired thermal power plants, Eesti Power Plant and Balti Power Plant. In 2007, Narva Power Plants generated about 95% of total power production in Estonia. The complex is owned and operated by AS Narva Elektrijaamad, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia.
Viru Keemia Grupp (VKG) is an Estonian holding group of oil shale industry, power generation, and public utility companies.
The history of the oil shale industry started in ancient times. The modern industrial use of oil shale for oil extraction dates to the mid-19th century and started growing just before World War I because of the mass production of automobiles and trucks and the supposed shortage of gasoline for transportation needs. Between the World Wars oil shale projects were begun in several countries.
Oil shale gas is a synthetic non-condensable gas mixture (syngas) produced by oil shale thermal processing (pyrolysis). Although often referred to as shale gas, it differs from the natural gas produced from shale, which is also known as shale gas.
Attarat Power Plant is an oil shale-fueled power plant constructed in the Attarat Umm Ghudran area, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Al Qatranah, in Jordan. The project is developed by the Attarat Power Company (APCO), a partnership between YTL Power International (45%), Guangdong Energy Group Co., Ltd. (45%) and Eesti Energia (10%). It is the first oil shale power plant in Jordan and the largest private sector project in Jordan to date.
There are two kinds of oil shale in Estonia, both of which are sedimentary rocks laid down during the Ordovician geologic period. Graptolitic argillite is the larger oil shale resource, but, because its organic matter content is relatively low, it is not used industrially. The other is kukersite, which has been mined for more than a hundred years. Kukersite deposits in Estonia account for 1% of global oil shale deposits.
Narva Oil Plant is a commercial scale shale oil retorting facility located in Auvere near Narva, Estonia. The plant produces shale oil from oil shale by using Galoter/Eneffit technology. The facility belongs to Enefit Energiatootmine, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia.
The Galoter process is a shale oil extraction technology for the production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil. In this process, the oil shale is decomposed into shale oil, oil shale gas, and spent residue. Decomposition is caused by mixing raw oil shale with hot oil shale ash generated by the combustion of carbonaceous residue (semi-coke) in the spent residue. The process was developed in the 1950s, and it is used commercially for shale oil production in Estonia. There are projects for further development of this technology and expansion of its usage, e.g., in Jordan and the USA.
Electricity sector in Estonia is connected to Finland, Russia and the other Baltic countries. As of 2016, it was one of the dirtiest in the EU in terms of CO2 emissions, as oil-based fuels accounted for about 80% of domestic production. However, renewables had grown to over 13% of production whereas they were less than 1% in 2000. Thus, Estonia is one of the countries to have reached its EU renewable target by 2016.
Energy in Estonia has heavily depended on fossil fuels. Finland and Estonia are two of the last countries in the world still burning peat.
Iru Power Plant is a co-generation power plant in Iru village, Maardu, Estonia. It is owned by Enefit Green, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia. The plant has a heating capacity of 698 MWt.
Ahtme Power Plant was an oil shale-fired power plant in Ahtme, Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. It was owned by VKG Soojus, a subsidiary of Viru Keemia Grupp. Until the end 2012, it supplied with heat Ahtme district of Kohtla-Järve and Jõhvi.
The Kohtla-Järve Power Plant is an oil shale-fired power plant in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, about 15 km to north-west of the Ahtme Power Plant. It is owned by VKG Soojus, a subsidiary of Viru Keemia Grupp. It consists of Põhja Power Plant and Lõuna Power Plant.
The Väo Power Plant is a biomass and peat-fired combined heat and power plant in Tallinn, Estonia. It's located in the eastern end of Tallinn in Väo, in a depleted part of Väo limestone quarry. The plant supplies heat to Lasnamäe and the central districts of Tallinn.
AS Eesti Kiviõli was an oil shale company located in Kiviõli, Estonia. It was a predecessor of Kiviõli Keemiatööstus, a shale oil extraction company. The Kiviõli town is named after Eesti Kiviõli.
Esimene Eesti Põlevkivitööstus was an oil shale company located in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. It was a predecessor of Viru Keemia Grupp, a shale oil extraction company.
New Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd Estonian Branch was an oil shale company located in Kohtla-Nõmme, Estonia. It was a subsidiary of Consolidated Gold Fields.
AS Eesti Küttejõud was an oil shale company located in Küttejõu, Estonia. The Küttejõu township, now district of Kiviõli, is named after the company.
AS Franz Krull was a metal works and engineering company in Tallinn, Estonia. It was founded by German industrialist Franz Krull in 1865 in Narva and in 1875 it was moved to Tallinn. The company manufactured different products, including steam locomotives, equipment for power plants and oil shale industry, and agricultural machinery. During the Soviet occupation the company was nationalized, and it became one of the largest contractors for the Soviet gas industry.