Tallinn Power Plant | |
---|---|
Official name | Tallinna Elektrijaam |
Country | Estonia |
Location | Tallinn |
Coordinates | 59°26′40″N24°45′2″E / 59.44444°N 24.75056°E |
Status | Decommissioned |
Construction began | 1912 |
Commission date | 24 March 1913 |
Decommission date | 2 February 1979 |
Thermal power station | |
Primary fuel | Coal |
Secondary fuel | Oil shale |
Tertiary fuel | Peat |
Cogeneration? | Yes |
External links | |
Commons | Related media on Commons |
The Tallinn Power Plant (Estonian : Tallinna elektrijaam) is a former power plant located in Tallinn, Estonia. Construction of the power plant was initiated by Volta company and it was decided by the Tallinn City Council in 1912 after the work of special committee established in 1909. [1] The plant was located next to the Tallinn Gas Factory at the location of the former Stuart fortress. [2] The plant was designed by Volta and the architect was Hans Schmidt. [1] [2] Originally it used three Laval-type 250 horsepower (0.19 MW) steam turbines and three 250 horsepower (0.19 MW) electric generators—all produced by Volta. Two coal-fired boilers were manufactured by AS Franz Krull. The power plant was opened on 24 March 1913, and originally it was fired by coal. [1] In 1919–1920 the plant was expanded and transferred to peat and wood. [1] [3] In 1924 the power plant was switched to oil shale. [1] [4] [5] [6] It was the first power plant in the world to employ oil shale as its primary fuel. [7] [8] In 1939, the plant achieved capacity of 22 MW. [6] [9]
In 1929, a new turbine hall and in 1932 a new switchboard were commissioned. [3] In 1941, the power plant was destroyed by leaving Soviet troops but was restored by 1948. A new 102.5-metre (336 ft) flue-gas stack was built. [2] On 9 October 1959, the plant started to operate as combined heat and power plant providing district heating to Tallinn. [10] In 1965, the plant was switched to fuel oil. [3] The plant ceased electricity production on 2 February 1979. [10]
In 1978, the power plant area was used for the Andrei Tarkovsky's film Stalker as the threshold to the Zone. The UN's acronym, which is still visible, was painted on the power plant's flue-gas stack. [11] A memorial plate of the film was set up on the flue-gas stack in 2008.[ citation needed ]
Since 1984, the former power plant boiler house is used as an energy museum. Since 2011, the power plant complex is used for hosting the Tallinn Creative Hub ( Kultuurikatel ). [12]
The Narva Power Plants are a power generation complex in and near Narva in Estonia, near the border with Leningrad Oblast, Russia. The complex consists of the world's two largest oil shale-fired thermal power plants, Eesti Power Plant and Balti Power Plant. In 2007, Narva Power Plants generated about 95% of total power production in Estonia. The complex is owned and operated by AS Narva Elektrijaamad, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia.
Viru Keemia Grupp is a private Estonian large-scale industrial enterprise. It focuses on oil shale mining, shale oil, combined heat and power production and production and marketing of fine chemical products.
The history of the oil shale industry started in ancient times. The modern industrial use of oil shale for oil extraction dates to the mid-19th century and started growing just before World War I because of the mass production of automobiles and trucks and the supposed shortage of gasoline for transportation needs. Between the World Wars oil shale projects were begun in several countries.
Oil shale gas is a synthetic non-condensable gas mixture (syngas) produced by oil shale thermal processing (pyrolysis). Although often referred to as shale gas, it differs from the natural gas produced from shale, which is also known as shale gas.
Attarat Power Plant is an oil shale-fueled power plant constructed in the Attarat Umm Ghudran area, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Al Qatranah, in Jordan. The project is developed by the Attarat Power Company (APCO), a partnership between YTL Power International (45%), Guangdong Energy Group Co., Ltd. (45%) and Eesti Energia (10%). It is the first oil shale power plant in Jordan and the largest private sector project in Jordan to date.
Oil shale in Jordan represents a significant resource. Oil shale deposits in Jordan underlie more than 60% of Jordanian territory. The total resources amounts to 31 billion tonnes of oil shale.
There are two kinds of oil shale in Estonia, both of which are sedimentary rocks laid down during the Ordovician geologic period. Graptolitic argillite is the larger oil shale resource, but, because its organic matter content is relatively low, it is not used industrially. The other is kukersite, which has been mined for more than a hundred years. Kukersite deposits in Estonia account for 1% of global oil shale deposits.
Narva Oil Plant is a commercial scale shale oil retorting facility located in Auvere near Narva, Estonia. The plant produces shale oil from oil shale by using Galoter/Eneffit technology. The facility belongs to Enefit Energiatootmine, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia.
The Galoter process is a shale oil extraction technology for the production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil. In this process, the oil shale is decomposed into shale oil, oil shale gas, and spent residue. Decomposition is caused by mixing raw oil shale with hot oil shale ash generated by the combustion of carbonaceous residue (semi-coke) in the spent residue. The process was developed in the 1950s, and it is used commercially for shale oil production in Estonia. There are projects for further development of this technology and expansion of its usage, e.g., in Jordan and the USA.
Estonia's electricity sector is interconnected with regional energy markets, particularly through connections with Finland, Latvia, and Russia. The direct electrical interconnection with Finland was established in 2006 and was further strengthened by the Estlink 2 interconnector in 2014. Estonia joined the Nord Pool Spot market by 2012, securing its own price area within this regional electricity market.
Energy in Estonia has heavily depended on fossil fuels. Finland and Estonia are two of the last countries in the world still burning peat.
Iru Power Plant is a co-generation power plant in Iru village, Maardu, Estonia. It is owned by Enefit Green, a subsidiary of Eesti Energia. The plant has a heating capacity of 698 MWt.
Ahtme Power Plant was an oil shale-fired power plant in Ahtme, Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. It was owned by VKG Soojus, a subsidiary of Viru Keemia Grupp. Until the end of 2012, it supplied with heat Ahtme district of Kohtla-Järve and Jõhvi.
The Kohtla-Järve Power Plant is an oil shale-fired power plant in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia, about 15 km to north-west of the Ahtme Power Plant. It is owned by VKG Soojus, a subsidiary of Viru Keemia Grupp. It consists of Põhja Power Plant and Lõuna Power Plant.
The Väo Power Plant is a biomass and peat-fired combined heat and power plant in Tallinn, Estonia. It's located in the eastern end of Tallinn in Väo, in a depleted part of Väo limestone quarry. The plant supplies heat to Lasnamäe and the central districts of Tallinn.
AS Eesti Kiviõli was an oil shale company located in Kiviõli, Estonia. It was a predecessor of Kiviõli Keemiatööstus, a shale oil extraction company. The town of Kiviõli is named after Eesti Kiviõli.
Esimene Eesti Põlevkivitööstus was an oil shale company located in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. It was a predecessor of Viru Keemia Grupp, a shale oil extraction company.
New Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd Estonian Branch was an oil shale company located in Kohtla-Nõmme, Estonia. It was a subsidiary of Consolidated Gold Fields.
AS Eesti Küttejõud was an oil shale company located in Küttejõu, Estonia. The Küttejõu township, now district of Kiviõli, is named after the company.
AS Franz Krull was a metal works and engineering company in Tallinn, Estonia. It was founded by the German industrialist Franz Krull in 1865 in Narva, and in 1875 it was moved to Tallinn. The company manufactured various products, including steam locomotives, equipment for power plants and the oil shale industry, and agricultural machinery. During the Soviet occupation the company was nationalized, and it became one of the largest contractors for the Soviet gas industry.