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A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species.
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the Homoptera – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Lesser-known insects largely regarded as Homoptera are the Coleorrhyncha. However, the taxonomic status of the Hemiptera and Homoptera is currently under investigation and discussion. See Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha for more information.
Maiestas is a genus of insects in the family Cicadellidae, the vast majority of which were formerly placed in the genus Recilia.
Deltocephalinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers. Deltocephalinae is the largest subfamily in the family Cicadellidae and is divided into 40 tribes, comprising over 925 genera, and over 6,700 described species.
Sweta is a genus of leafhopper in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, with two species. The genus name is derived from the Sanskrit word for white, the type species S. hallucinata being predominantly whitish. The genus has an elongate pronotum which is unusual in Typhlocybinae and seen only in the Signoretiinae. A second species Sweta bambusana was described from China in 2012.
Recilia is a genus of bugs from the family Cicadellidae. As of Webb & Viraktamath (2009), it includes just two species, with the vast majority of former species now in the genus Maiestas. Before this, the genus was sometimes treated as a subgenus of Deltocephalus.
Typhlocybinae is a subfamily of insects in the leafhopper family, Cicadellidae. This is currently the second largest leafhopper subfamily based on the number of described species, but researchers believe there are so many taxa yet undescribed that it is probably the largest subfamily. Approximately 6000 species have been described to science so far.
Orientus is a genus of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae subfamily Deltocephalinae.
Japananus hyalinus, the Japanese maple leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Opsiini. Believed to be native to eastern Asia, it has been carried with the trade in cultivated maples and is now widely found in Europe, North America and Australia.
Dikraneurini is a leafhopper tribe in the subfamily Typhlocybinae.
Eupteryx is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are about 5 described species in Eupteryx.
Agallia is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are about 8 described species in Agallia.
Deltocephalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Deltocephalini contains 72 genera and more than 600 species.
Coelidiinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are at least 8 tribes, 108 genera, and over 900 species in Coelidiinae.
Scaphoideini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are 64 genera and over 600 described species in Scaphoideini.
Xestocephalus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are at least 120 described species in Xestocephalus.
Acinopterus is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are more than 30 described species in Acinopterus. The members of Acinopterus are widely distributed across North and South America. Acinopterus is the type genus of the tribe Acinopterini.
Chandrashekaraswami Adiveyya Viraktamath is an Indian entomologist who specializes in the systematics of leaf-hoppers, Cicadellidae. He served as a professor of entomology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
Bonaspeiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the family Deltocephalinae. Bonaspeiini is made up of 26 genera and over 125 species found throughout southern Africa. Many species are found in the fynbos biome.
Drakensbergena is a genus of leafhoppers in the tribe Drakensbergenini of the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently 18 described species all found in the grasslands and fynbos of South Africa and Lesotho.
References
- ↑ Stiller, M. (2011). "A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)." Zootaxa 2794: 35-51.
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