The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA

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The Burn of Columbia Valley
Wine region
TTB Map The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA.png
Type American Viticultural Area
Year established2021 [1]
Years of wine industry23 [2]
CountryUnited States
Part of Washington, Columbia Valley AVA
Other regions in Washington, Columbia Valley AVA Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA, Candy Mountain AVA, Goose Gap AVA, Horse Heaven Hills AVA, Naches Heights AVA, Lake Chelan AVA, Rattlesnake Hills AVA, Red Mountain AVA, Rocky Reach AVA, Snipes Mountain AVA, Wahluke Slope AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, White Bluffs AVA, Yakima Valley AVA
Heat units 2763 GDD [1]
Precipitation (annual average)6.65 to 10.44 in (168.91–265.18 mm) [1]
Soil conditionsWalla Walla silt loam [1]
Total area16,870 acres (26 sq mi) [1]
Size of planted vineyards1,500 acres (607 ha) [3] [1]
No. of vineyards3 [1]
Varietals produced Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malbec, Sangiovese, Syrah [2]

The Burn of Columbia Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Klickitat County in south-central Washington on the north banks of the Columbia River along the Oregon state border. The Burn of Columbia Valley was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on July 17, 2021, after reviewing a petition received from Kevin Corliss, Vice President of Vineyards for Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, Joan R. Davenport, Professor of Soil Sciences at Washington State University, and John Derrick, Vice President of Operations for Mercer Ranches, Inc., proposing “The Burn of Columbia Valley” viticultural area. [4] The appellation, known colloquially as “The Burn,” encompasses about 16,870 acres (26 sq mi) where 3 commercial vineyards cultivate approximately 1,261 acres (510 ha) as many Washington wineries source grapes from here. The state's 18th AVA lies entirely within the vast Columbia Valley appellation and stands alone between the Columbia Gorge and the Horse Heaven Hills viticultural areas. The distinguishing features of The Burn of Columbia Valley are its soils, climate, and topography. [1]

Contents

Name

There is no exact consensus on where the name "The Burn" originated, although it has been used in reference to the area for generations. "The Burn" may refer to a local legend where early settlers set clearing fires to the benchland every Fall and rejuvenate the native springtime grasses for their horses. “The name "The Burn" not only has a bit of legend behind it, but also historical name evidence,” said petitioner Kevin Corliss. “For example, in the early 1900s, mail was delivered from the SP&S Railway station in Sundale, WA, to this area with the designation "The Burn." Additionally, the USGS online map continues to call this area "The Burn." It may also be based on the Gaelic, German, and English-inspired use of the term "burn", as in "Bannockburn" or "born," as in "Padderborn" or "bourne," as in "Melbourne" to refer to a stream or a river, respectively. [2] [5]

Terroir

Topography

The topography of The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA consists of gently sloping bench lands above the Columbia River. Elevations in the appellation range from 270 to 1,780 feet (82–543 m) above sea level. The average slope angle within the AVA is 7.27 percent, which is suitable for mechanical cultivation of vineyards, yet is steep enough to avoid the pooling of cold air that could damage grapes. The AVA also has a large, contiguous expanse of land with easterly and southern aspects, as well as a southeasterly aspect, which allows excellent sunlight exposure for vineyards. [1] [6]

Soil

The soils of The Burn are primarily silty loams in the taxonomic order Mollisols. Soils are described as having good plant-available water holding capacity that are capable of delivering sufficient water to the vines during the growing season. The soils are also relatively high in organic material and provide adequate nutrients, particularly nitrogen, to the vines. The most common soil series and complexes in the AVA are Walla Walla silt loam (without cemented substratum), Rock outcrop–Haploxeroll complex, Haploxeroll–Fluvaquent complex, Fluventic Haploxeroll–Riverwash complex, Rock outcrop Rubble and Complex, Wato silt loam, Walla Walla silt loam (with cemented substratum), Endicott silt loam, and Endicott–Moxee complex. In the region to the south of The Burn, the soils contain series and complexes also not present within the AVA, including Ritzville silt loam, Willis silt loam, and Roloff–Rock outcrop complex. [1]

Climate

The climate within The Burn AVA is characterized by an average annual growing degree day 1 (GDD) accumulation of 2,763 GDDs, with a minimum of 2,405 GDDs and a maximum of 3,249 GDDs. Average annual GDD accumulations to the east-northeast and northwest of the AVA are lower, and average annual rainfall amounts are higher than within the area. The average annual GDD accumulations favor the production of grape varietals with higher heat unit requirements, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah, which are the two most commonly grown grape varietals in the AVA. The Burn receives an average of 8.76 inches of precipitation annually, with a minimum of 6.65 inches and a maximum of 10.44 inches. Low annual rainfall amounts mean that vineyards will require supplemental irrigation. [1] [6]

Wind

In neighboring Horse Heaven Hills viticultural area, its petition specified as a significant distinguishing feature the persistent strong winds the area receives. Based on the proximity to the Columbia River, with the Columbia Gorge acting as a funnel, both Horse Heaven Hills and The Burn AVAs receive significantly more wind than surrounding areas. In the article titled "The Columbia Gorge Wind Funnel" from the August 1953 issue (pp. 104–107) of Weatherwise magazine, Howard E. Graham of the National Weather Service’s Portland, Oregon, office, explains the Columbia Gorge wind patterns are a function of the pressure differences between the west and east ends of the 120 miles (193 km) long river canyon. [7] The Gorge surrounds the Columbia River between Bridal Veil, Oregon, in the west, and Arlington, Washington, in the east. The article emphasizes that the persistent winds, rarely calm, always flow along the axis of the Gorge. The Pacific winds from the west bring moderating, mild maritime air into the Gorge. Conversely, the continental high winds from the east bring in dry air that is seasonably hot or cold. The heat of the Columbia Basin draws these intense winds north over The Burn and Horse Heaven Hills after they exit the Columbia Gorge. Wind through the Columbia Gorge is determined by Wind Run Miles (WRMs), a unit of measure for the force and speed of wind in one hour. The Horse Heaven Hills viticultural area records an average of 30 percent more WRMs than the Walla Walla Valley AVA to the east and the Yakima Valley AVA to the north, and 20 percent more than the Red Mountain AVA to the immediate north. These three surrounding viticultural areas, unlike the Horse Heaven Hills region, are not in the direct wind funnel path of the Columbia Gorge. [6] [8]

Viticultural areaAnnual wind run miles
(WRMs) [8]
Horse Heaven Hills46,200
Red Mountain36,700
Walla Walla Valley32,800
Yakima Valley32,800

The wind's effect on viticulture is especially noted during the grapevine bud-break to fruit-set period, according to a 1982 article, "Influence of Windbreaks and Climatic Region on Diurnal Fluctuation of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance, and Leaf Temperature of Grapevines" by Freeman, Kliewer, and Stern in the American Journal of Enological Viticulture (vol. 33, pp.233–236). [9] The most-often observed consequences of the higher winds within the affected AVAs include a reduction in canopy size and density of grapes on the vines. Also, vines are less prone to disease, based on the wind's drying of wet plant surfaces on where fungal spores or bacteria can land. The volume of wind is also a key factor in determining the amount of irrigation needed for optimum vine growth. [2] [8] [10]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candy Mountain AVA</span> Viticultural area in Washington, US

Candy Mountain is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in Washington that encompasses the slopes surrounding Candy Mountain in Benton County located southwest of Richland along the Columbia River. The viticultural area is the state's 16th AVA formally established on September 24, 2020, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Dr. Kevin R. Pogue, professor of geology at Whitman College, on behalf of the following industry members with wine businesses within the Candy Mountain appellation: Ramer Holtan, who is developing a commercial wine grape vineyard on Candy Mountain; Premiere Columbia Partners LLC, owners of Candy Mountain Vineyard; and Paul and Vickie Kitzke, owners of Kitzke Cellars. For wines to bear the “Candy Mountain AVA” label, at least 85% of the grapes used for production must be grown in the designated area, Candy Mountain is a sub-appellation entirely within the Yakima Valley and the expansive Columbia Valley AVAs adjacent to the eastern boundary of Goose Gap AVA and few miles southeast of Red Mountain AVA. Within the 815 acres (330 ha) minute AVA, there are currently two producing commercial vineyards, Candy Mountain Vineyard and Kitzke Cellars, which cultivate approximately 54 acres (22 ha) with future expansions for 200 acres (81 ha)

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White Bluffs is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located about 10 miles (16 km) north of Tri-Cities on the plateaus overlooking the Columbia River. The area lies entirely within the established vast Columbia Valley appellation. White Bluffs AVA was recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury on July 19, 2021, after reviewing the petition submitted by Whitman College professor and geologist, Dr. Kevin Pogue, on behalf of local winemakers and vineyard owners, proposing to establish the viticultural area named "White Bluffs." Within its 93,738 acres (146 sq mi), the area has nine commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 1,127 acres (456 ha) and a single winery. The distinguishing features of White Bluffs are its topography, geology, soils, and climate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Slope AVA</span> Viticultural area in Washington, USA

Royal Slope is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Adams and Grant Counties in central Washington state. Royal Slope is the state's 15th appellation recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on October 2, 2020, after reviewing the petition submitted by Alan Busacca, a licensed geologist and founder of Vinitas Vineyard Consultants, LLC, on behalf of the Royal Slope Wine Grower's Association, proposing the viticultural area named “Royal Slope.” The AVA lies between the Quincy Basin and Saddle Mountains surrounding the town of Royal City encompassing 156,389 acres (244 sq mi) entirely within the vast Columbia Valley AVA. There are currently 13 producing commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 14,100 acres (5,706 ha) with only one winery. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of the Royal Slope AVA are its climate, topography, geology, and soils.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Pisgah, Polk County, Oregon AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in Oregon

MountPisgah, Polk County, Oregon is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) in the northern Willamette Valley of Oregon located in Polk County. It was established on June 3, 2022, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the state's 23rd and the 11th appellation in the Willamette Valley viticultural area. It encompasses approximately 5,850 acres (9 sq mi) and contains 10 commercial vineyards cultivating about 648 acres (262 ha) under vine with two wineries. The viticultural area surrounds the 835 ft (255 m) summit of Mount Pisgah among the hills of the Willamette Valley located southwest of Eola Hills, Amity Hills and 15 mi (24 km) from the state capital of Salem. TTB received the petition from the representatives of the local vineyards and wineries proposing a viticultural area named "Mount Pisgah, Polk County, Oregon." It is the southernmost sub-region within the established Willamette Valley viticultural area. The petition notes that vineyard owners plan to expand four of the existing vineyards by a total of 164 acres (66 ha).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Luis Rey AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Diego County, California

San Luis Rey is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in San Diego County, California within the vast 3,251,042 acres (5,080 sq mi) multi-county South Coast AVA. The AVA extends from the coastal town of Oceanside inland to the Merriam Mountains and Moosa Canyon. It was established as California's 153rd appellation on August 30, 2024, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Rebecca Wood, managing member of Premium Vintners, LLC on behalf of Fallbrook Winery and other local vineyard owners and winemakers proposing the viticultural area named "San Luis Rey." There are 44 commercially-producing vineyards cultivating approximately 256 acres (104 ha), along with 29 acres (12 ha) of planned vineyards and 23 wineries within the AVA. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of San Luis Rey AVA are its topography, climate and soils.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Establishment of The Burn of Columbia Valley Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [Docket No. TTB–2020–0005; T.D. TTB–168; Ref: Notice No. 190] RIN 1513–AC60 Final Rule). Federal Register . 86 (115). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury: 32191–32194. June 17, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 17, 2023.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Welcome to the World: The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA!". Wine, Wit, and Wisdom. June 18, 2021. Archived from the original on March 22, 2024.
  3. ↑ "The Burn of Columbia Valley" (PDF). WA Wine. Seattle, Wash.: State Wine Commission. 2021.
  4. ↑ "The Burn of Columbia Valley Petition" (TTB-2020-0005-0002). Regulations.gov. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). August 1, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  5. ↑ "ReleasesWine Business TTB Approves the Burn of Columbia Valley AVA in Washington State". Wine Industry Advisor. June 16, 2021. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 Sullivan, Sean P. (July 2, 2021). "Meet Washington's newest AVAs Part 3: The Burn of Columbia Valley". .Northwest Wine Report. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023.
  7. ↑ Graham, Howard E. (August 1953). "The Columbia Gorge Wind Funnel". Weatherwise. 6 (4): 104–107. Bibcode:1953Weawi...6d.104G. doi:10.1080/00431672.1953.9932953.
  8. 1 2 3 "Establishment of the Horse Heaven Hills Viticultural Area (2002R–103P)" (27 CFR 9 [T.D. TTB–28; Re: Notice No. 27] RIN 1513–AA91 Final Rule). Federal Register . 70 (126). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury: 38004–38009. July 1, 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2023.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  9. ↑ Freeman, Brian M.; Kliewer, W. M.; Stern, Peter (January 1982). "Influence of Windbreaks and Climatic Region on Diurnal Fluctuation of Leaf Water Potential, Stomatal Conductance, and Leaf Temperature of Grapevines". American Journal for Enology and Viticulture. 33 (4): 233–236. doi:10.5344/ajev.1982.33.4.233. ISSN   0002-9254.
  10. ↑ "Washington Adds Two American Viticultural Areas". WA Wine. Seattle, Wash.: Washington State Wine Commission. June 16, 2021.

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