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Freedom's Journal was the first African American owned and operated newspaper published in the United States. Founded by Rev. John Wilk and other free Black men in New York City, it was published weekly starting with the March 16, 1827 issue. Freedom's Journal was superseded in 1829 by The Rights of All, published between 1829 and 1830 by Samuel Cornish, the former senior editor of the Journal. The View covered it as part of Black History Month in 2021.
African American newspapers are news publications in the United States serving African American communities. Samuel Cornish and John Brown Russwurm started the first African American periodical, Freedom's Journal, in 1827. During the Antebellum South, other African American newspapers sprang up, such as The North Star, founded in 1847 by Frederick Douglass.
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Jennie Carter was an American journalist and essayist who wrote for the California African-American newspaper The Elevator from her home in Nevada County, California during the Reconstruction Era. She used the pen names Anna J. Trask and Semper Fidelis. Her work covered diverse topics, including slavery, racism, women's suffrage, temperance, politics, and immigration, and was widely circulated in late 19th century black communities throughout the American West and nationwide. In the 21st century, with the republication of her essays, her work began to receive wider attention.
Philip Alexander Bell (1808–1889) was a 19th-century American newspaper editor and abolitionist. Born in New York City, he was educated at the African Free School and became politically active at the 1832 Colored Convention. He began his newspaper career with for William Lloyd Garrison's anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator and became an outspoken voice on a variety of social and political of issues of the day including abolition, suffrage, and the protection of fugitive slaves.
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Peter Anderson was an African American rights activist who actively participated in California Colored Conventions Movements during the 1800s. Anderson was also the author of a newspaper called The Pacific Appeal which advocated black rights and helped activists network. Anderson and his coeditor Philip Alexander Bell argued often and eventually these disagreements led Bell to split off and create his own paper called The Elevator while Peterson continued with The Pacific Appeal.
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The Afro-American Sentinel was a newspaper in Omaha, Nebraska. It was established in 1893, and ran issues until 1899. The newspaper published articles relevant to Nebraska's black community. It was strongly in favor of self-defense against lynching, and issued reports about the extent of discrimination within the city.
The Mirror of the Times was an African American weekly newspaper in San Francisco. Though its exact foundation and dissolution dates are not known, the paper started between 1855 and 1857, and ran issues until around 1858. It was the first African American newspaper in the state – and possibly in the entirety of the West Coast – and it advocated against racial segregation and for Black civic engagement.
The California State Convention of Colored Citizens (CSCCC) was a series of colored convention events active from 1855 to 1902. The convention was one of several social movement conventions that took place in the mid-19th century in many states across the United States.
Rev. Peter William Cassey (1831–1917) was an African-American 19th-century school founder, deacon, minister, educator, abolitionist, and political activist. He was a pioneer in Santa Clara County. Cassey founded the first African American secondary school in the state of California, the Phoenixonian Institute. Cassey also worked as a prominent barber and co-owned a shaving saloon in San Francisco; and had worked as Methodist clergy in North Carolina and Florida. His name was sometimes written as Peter Williams Cassey.
The Phoenixonian Institute, also known as St. Philip’s Mission School for Negroes, is a former secondary school for African American students active from 1861 until the mid-1870s and located in San Jose, California, United States. It was the first African American secondary school in the state of California, founded by Peter William Cassey, and was a residential school.
References
- ↑ "The Elevator · African American Fourth of July". africanamerican4th.omeka.net. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- 1 2 3 4 Bragg, Susan (2007-01-30). "Philip Alexander Bell (1808-1889)" . Retrieved 2021-04-08.
- 1 2 "P.A. Bell: Abolitionist". www.lincolnshrine.org. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
- 1 2 3 "Philip Alexander Bell". Media Museum of Northern California. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
- ↑ Something in the Soil: Legacies and Reckonings in the New West. W. W. Norton & Company. 2001. p. 265. ISBN 9780393321029.
- ↑ Eric Gardner, Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West Univ. Press of Mississippi, January 1, 2007, p. 7