Allegories of the Five Senses is a series of early-17th-century paintings by the Spanish artist Jusepe de Ribera. One of the series (Hearing) has been lost and is known only through copies.
According to the art historian Giulio Mancini, a contemporary of the artist, their commissioner was Spanish but they were probably produced during Ribera's stay in Rome. Alfonso Pérez Sánchez dates their production to between 1611 and 1615. [1]
Jusepe de Ribera was a Spanish painter and printmaker. Ribera, Francisco de Zurbarán, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, and the singular Diego Velázquez, are regarded as the major artists of Spanish Baroque painting. Referring to a series of Ribera exhibitions held in the late 20th century, Philippe de Montebello wrote "If Ribera's status as the undisputed protagonist of Neapolitan painting had ever been in doubt, it was no longer. Indeed, to many it seemed that Ribera emerged from these exhibitions as not simply the greatest Neapolitan artist of his age but one of the outstanding European masters of the seventeenth century." Jusepe de Ribera has also been referred to as José de Ribera, Josep de Ribera, and Lo Spagnoletto by his contemporaries, early historians, and biographers.
Cecco del Caravaggio, is the notname given to a painter who worked in Rome in the early decades of the 17th century and was an important early follower of Caravaggio (1571–1610). In the past art historians have suggested he may have been a Flemish, French or Spanish Caravaggist but more recently some have identified the artist with Francesco Boneri, although this is not universally accepted. In his work the artist responded in a very individual and original manner to Caravaggio's naturalism.
Giovanni Battista Caracciolo (1578–1635) was an Italian artist and important Neapolitan follower of Caravaggio. He was a member of the murderous Cabal of Naples, with Belisario Corenzio and Giambattista Caracciolo, who were rumoured to have poisoned and disappeared their competition for painting contracts.
Massimo Stanzione was an Italian Baroque painter, mainly active in Naples, where he and his rival Jusepe de Ribera dominated the painting scene for several decades. He was primarily a painter of altarpieces, working in both oils and fresco. His main subject matter was biblical scenes. He also painted portraits and mythological subjects. He had many pupils and followers as his rich color and idealized naturalism had a large influence on other local artists, such as Francesco Solimena. In 1621 Pope Gregory XV gave him the title of Knight of the Golden Spur and Pope Urban VIII made him a knight of St. John around 1624 and a knight of the Order of Christ in 1627. From then on, he liked to sign his works as "EQUES MAXIMUS".
Francesc Ribalta , also known as Francisco Ribaltá or de Ribalta, was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period, mostly of religious subjects.
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi (1587–1625), occasionally referred to as Bartolomeo Crescenzi, was an Italian caravaggisti painter of the Baroque period. Cavarozzi's work begin receiving increased admiration and appreciation from art historians in the last few decades of the 20th century, emerging as one of the more distinct and original followers of Caravaggio. He received training from Giovanni Battista Crescenzi in Rome and later traveled to Spain alongside his master for a few years where he achieved some renown and was significant in spreading "Caravaggism" to Spain before returning to Italy. His surviving works are predominantly Biblical subjects and still-life paintings, although older references note he "was esteemed a good painter especially of portraits".
Francisco Collantes (1599–1656) was a Spanish Baroque era painter.
Luis Tristán de Escamilla, also known as Luis de Escamilla or Luis Rodríguez Tristán, was a Spanish painter in the mannerist style.
The Salón de Reinos or salón grande is a 17th-century building in Madrid, originally a wing of the Buen Retiro Palace. The Salón de Reinos and the Casón del Buen Retiro are the only survivors of the original grand scheme of the palace. Built between 1630 and 1635, the Hall of Realms housed the largest paintings in the royal collection, now all in the Museo del Prado. It is named after its paintings of the coats of arms of the 24 kingdoms which formed the Kingdom of Spain at the time of Philip IV of Spain.
The Clubfoot is a 1642 oil on canvas painting by Jusepe de Ribera. It is housed in the Musée du Louvre in Paris, and was painted in Naples. Art historian Ellis Waterhouse wrote of it as "a touchstone by which we can interpret the whole of Ribera's art".
Jonathan Mayer Brown was an American art historian, known for his work on Spanish art, particularly Diego Velázquez. He was Carroll and Milton Petrie Professor of Fine Arts at New York University.
Aristotle is a 1637 oil painting by Spanish artist Jusepe de Ribera, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is part of a series of six portraits of ancient philosophers commissioned by the Prince of Liechtenstein in 1636.
The Pietà is a painting by José de Ribera, "The Españoleto", painted, signed and dated in 1633.
The Martyrdom of Saint Philip is a painting by Jusepe de Ribera from 1639.
Saint Mary of Egypt is an oil on canvas painting of the 4th century ascetic saint Mary of Egypt by José de Ribera, executed in 1641. It is now in the Musée Fabre in Montpellier, which acquired it in 1837.
Pietà is painting of 1637 by the Spanish artist Jusepe de Ribera, produced for the Tesoro Nuovo chapel in the Certosa di San Martino in Naples, where it still hangs.
Ixion is a 1632 oil painting, signed and dated by Jusepe de Ribera. It shows a scene from Classical mythology, of Ixion being tortured as the eternal punishment meted out by Zeus. It is one of a series of four paintings by Ribera of the four "Furies" or "Condemned" from Greek mythology. It is held by the Museo del Prado in Madrid, along with Ribera's painting of Tityos; the other two, of Sisyphus and Tantalus, are lost.
Democritus is an oil on canvas painting by Jusepe de Ribera, executed in 1630, now in the Museo del Prado, in Madrid. It is believed to depict the Ancient Greek philosopher Democritus.
Baptism of Christ is a 1643 painting by Jusepe de Ribera. Since 1881 it has been in the Museum of Fine Arts in Nancy.
The Martyrdom of Saint Andrew is a 1628 painting by Jusepe de Ribera. It depicts the martyrdom of Saint Andrew, one of the Twelve Apostles.