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The Daoguang Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanzong of Qing,personal name Mianning, was the seventh emperor of the Qing dynasty,and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper,reigning from 1820 to 1850. His reign was marked by "external disaster and internal rebellion." These included the First Opium War and the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion which nearly brought down the dynasty. The historian Jonathan Spence characterizes the Daoguang Emperor as a "well meaning but ineffective man" who promoted officials who "presented a purist view even if they had nothing to say about the domestic and foreign problems surrounding the dynasty."
The Jiaqing Emperor,also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing,personal name Yongyan,was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty,and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper,from 1796 to 1820. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign,he prosecuted Heshen,the corrupt Manchu favorite of his father,and attempted to restore order within the Qing Empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China.
The Niohuru were a prominent Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty. The clan had inhabited the Changbai Mountains since as early as the Liao dynasty. The clan was well known during the Qing dynasty for producing a variety of consorts of all ranks for emperors,several of whom went on to become mothers to reigning emperors. Prominent people who belonged or trace heritage to the Niohuru clan including famed Manchu warrior Eidu,his son the high official Ebilun,the Empress Dowager Ci'an,the infamous corrupt official Heshen,the contemporary concert pianist Lang Lang and Lang Tsuyun,Taiwanese TV,movie and stage actress,singer and producer.
Empress Xiaocigao,of the Manchu Yehe Nara clan,personal name Monggo Jerjer,was a consort of Nurhaci. She was 16 years his junior.
Imperial Noble Consort Gongshun (恭順皇貴妃) of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏) was a consort of the Jiaqing Emperor. She was 27 years his junior.
Empress Xiaoherui,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan,was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second empress consort of Yongyan,the Jiaqing Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1801 until her husband's death in 1820,after which she was honoured as Empress Dowager Gongci during the reign of her step-son,Mianning,the Daoguang Emperor. She was the longest-serving empress consort in Qing history.
Empress Xiaoshurui (孝淑睿皇后),of the Manchu Plain White Banner Hitara clan (喜塔臘氏) was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first empress consort of Yongyan,the Jiaqing Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1796 until her death in 1797,having been empress for barely a year.
Empress Xiaoyichun,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Weigiya clan,was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was 16 years younger than him. Her eldest surviving son became the Jiaqing Emperor.
Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui,of the Han Chinese Plain White Banner Su clan,was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was two years his junior.
Empress Xiaozhaoren,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan,was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second empress consort of Xuanye,the Kangxi Emperor. She was empress consort of China during the Qing dynasty from 1677 until her death in 1678.
Empress Xiaomucheng,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan,was a consort of the Daoguang Emperor.
Empress Xiaoshencheng,of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Tunggiya clan,was a posthumous name bestowed on the wife and first empress consort of Mianning,the Daoguang Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1822 until her death in 1833.
Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong,of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner Lu clan,was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was 13 years his junior. She came from the Lu clan. Although her family was not a very prominent one,Lady Lu rose to Noble Consort in her lifetime. Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong had no children of her own,but raised Prince Yongyan,the future Jiaqing Emperor.
The Empress of the Nara clan was the wife and second empress consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was the empress consort of the Qing Dynasty from 1750 until her death in 1766. Informally known as the Step Empress,she is one of the most controversial female figures in Chinese history.
Empress Xiao may refer to:
Imperial Noble Consort Heyu,of the Han Chinese Bordered White Banner Liu clan,was a consort of Jiaqing Emperor.
Consort Zhuang,from the Manchu Wanyan clan,was a consort of the Jiaqing Emperor.
Imperial Noble Consort Dunyi was a consort of Kangxi Emperor. She was 29 years his junior. She outlived Empress Xiaoxianchun,the Hoifa-Nara Step Empress,and several Qianlong's consorts and children.
Consort Qian,a member of Han Chinese Liu clan,was a consort of Yongzheng Emperor.
References
- ↑ Yesasia.com. "Yesasia.com." 滿清十三皇朝. Retrieved on 2010-12-27.