Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. Common tics are blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements. These are typically preceded by an unwanted urge or sensation in the affected muscles known as a premonitory urge, can sometimes be suppressed temporarily, and characteristically change in location, strength, and frequency. Tourette's is at the more severe end of a spectrum of tic disorders. The tics often go unnoticed by casual observers.
A tic is a sudden and repetitive motor movement or vocalization that is not rhythmic and involves discrete muscle groups. It is typically brief, and may resemble a normal behavioral characteristic or gesture.
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a controversial hypothetical diagnosis for a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders. Symptoms are proposed to be caused by group A streptococcal (GAS), and more specifically, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections. OCD and tic disorders are hypothesized to arise in a subset of children as a result of a post-streptococcal autoimmune process. The proposed link between infection and these disorders is that an autoimmune reaction to infection produces antibodies that interfere with basal ganglia function, causing symptom exacerbations, and this autoimmune response results in a broad range of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome include legal advocacy and health insurance issues, awareness of notable individuals with Tourette syndrome, and treatment of TS in the media and popular culture.
The obsessive–compulsive spectrum is a model of medical classification where various psychiatric, neurological and/or medical conditions are described as existing on a spectrum of conditions related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). "The disorders are thought to lie on a spectrum from impulsive to compulsive where impulsivity is said to persist due to deficits in the ability to inhibit repetitive behavior with known negative consequences, while compulsivity persists as a consequence of deficits in recognizing completion of tasks." OCD is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. An obsession is defined as "a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control". Compulsion can be described as a "ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform". The model suggests that many conditions overlap with OCD in symptomatic profile, demographics, family history, neurobiology, comorbidity, clinical course and response to various pharmacotherapies. Conditions described as being on the spectrum are sometimes referred to as obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders.
Tourette syndrome is an inherited neurological disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence, characterized by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function.
Marc Elliot is an American former motivational speaker and a loyal follower of Keith Raniere and his organization NXIVM, a purported self-improvement company which has been widely accused of being a criminal organization and a cult. Elliot has claimed the group helped him overcome Tourette syndrome. Since Raniere was sentenced to 120 years for racketeering and other crimes, Elliot has advocated for the conviction to be overturned.
Dick Figures is an American adult animated series created by Ed Skudder and written, directed, and produced by Skudder and Zack Keller. The series, featuring two humanlike stick figures named Red and Blue who are best friends, aired for the first time on November 18, 2010. Episodes, which are typically under 4-minutes in length, are distributed on YouTube by Mondo Media. The series is aimed at mature audiences. In 2012, Keller was nominated for an Annie Award for Directing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production for the episode titled "Kung Fu Winners".
Shots Podcast Network is a podcasting company founded by brothers John Shahidi and Sam Shahidi.
Eleonora "Lele" Pons Maronese is a Venezuelan-born American YouTuber, actress and singer.
Hannah Stocking-Siagkris is an American comedian and internet personality who first gained recognition from the social media platform Vine. She later became known for her comedy videos on YouTube.
Anwar Jibawi is a Palestinian-American internet personality notable for his videos on YouTube, and previously on the Vine app.
John Shahidi is the President of Shots Podcast Network and Happy Dad Hard Seltzer. Also, a partner of the popular YouTube group Nelk Boys.
Sam Shahidi is a businessperson and co-founder of Shots Podcast Network and CEO of Happy Dad Hard Seltzer. Also, a partner of the popular YouTube group, Nelk Boys.
Lockdown is a Canadian-American children's and teen drama mystery thriller streaming television series produced by Sinking Ship Entertainment and commissioned and distributed by YouTube Originals. Conceived, developed and produced in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and the United States, the scripted live-action series follows a group of socially distanced teenagers working together to solve a mystery in their neighborhood. Originally announced in April 2020, the initial ten-episode series premiered on the YouTube Originals for Kids & Family channel on June 26, 2020.
Jeffrey R. Wittek is an American YouTuber, comedian, and podcaster. He runs the series Jeff's Barbershop and the podcast, Jeff FM.
Best Kept Secrets with Lele Pons is a weekly podcast produced by Shots Studios and exclusively distributed by Spotify. Hosted by American YouTuber Lele Pons, the podcast invites anonymous callers to share deeply personal and intimate secrets that they have kept from family and friends. The podcast debuted on August 19, 2020.
Christopher J. Pittenger is an American psychiatrist and translational neuroscientist. He is a professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and Director of the Yale OCD Research Clinic.
Noted: Alicia Keys The Untold Stories is a 2021 documentary series about the life and career of American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys. The series offers insight into Keys’ world as an artist, a mother and wife through live performances, behind the scenes footage and conversations. The series was released in four episodes on YouTube as part of YouTube Originals September 30, 2021. In the series. Keys previews four songs, “Skydive”, “Is It Insane”, “Best of Me” and “Lala” from her eighth studio album Keys (2021). Fifth bonus episode was released on YouTube Premium and features behind the scenes footage of Keys and the director TT The Artist producing four music videos.
