![]() Thornhill Square | |
Postal code | N1 |
---|---|
Coordinates | 51°32′26″N0°06′55″W / 51.540545°N 0.115195°W |
Construction | |
Construction start | 1847 |
Completion | 1852 |
Thornhill Square together with the adjacent Thornhill Crescent form a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by Victorian terraced houses, all of which are listed buildings. The central public gardens contain flower beds, mature trees, and a children's play area, and the Crescent gardens surround the Victorian Church of St Andrew.
The extensive Thornhill Estate in Barnsbury was owned by the wealthy Thornhill family, originally from Yorkshire, who had acquired a substantial amount of land in the area which was primarily let for dairy farming. Several plans were drawn up between 1810 and 1847 for housing development on the estate, but little progress was made until the 1830s, under the ownership of George Thornhill. Construction of Thornhill Square by builders G.S.S. Williams & Son commenced around 1847, starting on the west side. A rich local dairy farmer, Samuel Pocock, built Thornhill Crescent starting around 1849. [1] : 136–139
With the substantial growth in the population as a result of new housing, additional new churches were needed in Islington. The site for a church was donated in 1852 by George Thornhill, and the large church of St Andrew was built here in 1852-54, seating 1,650. [2] Thornhill also gave £500 towards the building costs, and Samuel Pocock gave £100 for the railings. Mr Wontner, builder of nearby Tibberton Square, gave £2. [1] : 140 After winning the design competition, the church design was completed by John Johnson and Francis B. Newman [3] and it was built by Dove Brothers Ltd, who were a Barnsbury based construction company from 1781 to 1993. [4] The church was consecrated in 1854 by the Bishop of London, Dr Charles Blomfield in the presence of the Lord Mayor of London and other City dignitaries, indicating the prosperous status of the estate and its new residents. The £6,500 cost exceeded the sum stated in the competition conditions and, on completion, debts of over £2,000 were still outstanding. [1] : 140
Residents of the new estate were well-to-do, including lawyers, doctors, merchants and retired clergy. [1] : 140 From 1854 Thornhill College for Ladies, no. 1A Thornhill Crescent, offered a broad education, including French, drawing, and music, and preparation for university and public examinations. In 1884 there were 40 boarders and day pupils. [5]
In 1906 nos. 64 & 65 Thornhill Square were demolished to make way for a new library. Islington West Library was designed by Professor Arthur Beresford Pite, the architect of the south end of Burlington Arcade, was built by C. Dearing & Co., and opened in 1907. £5,000 of the £8,700 cost of the building was from the library fund of Andrew Carnegie. [2]
Charles Booth’s poverty map of c.1890 shows Thornhill Square households as “Middle-class. Well to-do”, and those of Thornhill Crescent as "Fairly comfortable. Good ordinary earnings". [6] However as the 20th century progressed, the area became run-down like much of Islington. The Thornhill family interest ceased with the death of Captain Noel Thornhill in 1955, and there were rumours that the estate might be broken up and redeveloped. By 1959 about a third of the property in the surrounding square mile was condemned for rebuilding by Islington Council, and the vicar claimed that women were afraid to attend church on dark evenings because of the disagreeable neighbourhood. [1] : 142 However, as the area became newly fashionable as part of the gentrification of Islington in the 1960s and 1970s, many of the freeholds were privately purchased by occupants and the houses were rehabilitated. It was one of the later areas of Barnsbury to be reclaimed and rehabilitated. [1] : 142
Thornhill Square is the largest square in Islington and was for many years one of its largest open spaces, [1] : 136 although for many years the gardens were open only to key-holders. [1] : 143 Thornhill Square together with Thornhill Crescent form an unusual large ovoid ellipse. The houses are grouped in series, with houses with paired square-headed windows punctuated with sets of three with single windows, with the result that triangular pediments are flanked by semi-circular ones. [7] The houses were built with conservatories at the rear, many of which remain. [1] : 143
The church is built of Kentish rag-stone and Bath stone, in Decorated neo-Gothic "middle-pointed" style. [8] [2] An east window was added in 1873. [2] The Ecclesiologist journal described the church as "an ostentatious cruciform pile, all gables and transepts, with an exaggerated broach". [3]
The building has a temple-like main front, and is capped with an octagonal roof lantern. Arts and Crafts, or possibly Art Nouveau, style letters of the alphabet are carved on the panels above the windows. [7] [1] : 143
Originally Thornhill Square gardens were provided for the private use of the residents of the square, and in the early days were mainly better-off professional classes. The gardens were Islington's largest (though private) recreational space until Highbury Fields were acquired in the 1880s. [1] : 143 The railings enclosing the garden date from 1852, having survived removal in the Second World War when many garden squares lost their railings. [9] This was supposedly to provide scrap metal for munitions, but there is some scepticism as to whether they were actually used for this purpose. [10] Historical paint analysis of the railings has shown that when first installed, they were painted a patina green to mimic weathered bronze,[ citation needed ] a common theme of early Georgian architecture.
Captain Noel Thornhill donated the gardens to Islington Council in 1947 for public use, and in 1953 the gardens were re-designed and landscaped with formal flowerbeds and a children’s playground as part of the Council’s “Coronation Year” improvements. [1] : 143-144 Planting includes shrub borders, ornamental displays and rose beds, with paths, lawns and seating, and a mound to the north. [11]
St Andrew's Church is surrounded by a pleasant garden laid out with flower beds, paths and shrubs, with trees around its perimeter.
Edith Garrud (1872–1971), gave training in jujutsu and the use of Indian club to "the Bodyguard", a suffragette unit to protect Emmeline Pankhurst. She lived at 60 Thornhill Square, and is commemorated there with a plaque. [12]
Author, broadcaster and academic Ian Bradley lived in Thornhill Square in the 1970s.
Thornhill Square and Thornhill Crescent appear in the film V for Vendetta (2005), [13] and in the Agatha Christie’s Poirot TV episode The Clocks (2011). [14]
Islington is a district in the north of Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. It is a mainly residential district of Inner London, extending from Islington's High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy High Street, Upper Street, Essex Road, and Southgate Road to the east.
Islington was a civil parish and metropolitan borough in London, England. It was an ancient parish within the county of Middlesex, and formed part of The Metropolis from 1855. The parish was transferred to the County of London in 1889 and became a metropolitan borough in 1900. It was amalgamated with the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury to form the London Borough of Islington in Greater London in 1965.
Liverpool Road is a street in Islington, North London. It covers a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) between Islington High Street and Holloway Road, running roughly parallel to Upper Street through the area of Barnsbury. It contains several attractive terraces of Georgian houses and Victorian villas, many of which are listed buildings. There are a number of pubs, small businesses and restaurants along its route, as well as some secluded garden squares. The vast majority of the street is residential, with a bustling shopping and business area at the southern, Angel, end.
The London Borough of Islington is short of large parks and open spaces, given its status in recent decades as a desirable place of residence. In fact, Islington has the lowest ratio of open space to built-up areas of any London borough. The largest continuous open space in the borough, at 11.75 hectares, is Highbury Fields.
Stoke Newington Church Street is a road in north London of the borough of Hackney. The road links Green Lanes (A105) in the west to Stoke Newington High Street, in the east. Stoke Newington is one of the villages swallowed by the growth of London in the 19th century, and Church Street retains some of this neighbourhood feel, with many restaurants, pubs, and independent (non-chain) shops.
Lonsdale Square is a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by unusual Tudor Gothic Revival terraced houses, with picturesque gables and Elizabethan-style windows, and is probably unique among squares. All the houses are listed buildings. The central public garden contains flower beds and mature trees.
Caledonian Road passes for about a mile and a half north–south through the London Borough of Islington. It connects North London, from Camden Road near its junction with Holloway Road, and central London's Pentonville Road in the south. It is known colloquially as the "Cally" and forms the entirety of the A5203.
Barnsbury Wood is a Local Nature Reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I, in Barnsbury in the London Borough of Islington. With an area of only 0.35 hectares, it is the smallest Local Nature Reserve in London It is owned and managed by Islington Council.
Ethel Eleanor Mary Cosh, FSA was a British freelance journalist and local historian who was known for her works on the history of Islington, London. Her book, A History of Islington (2005), was the first full-length history of the area since the mid-nineteenth century. She also wrote two historical works relating to Scotland. Cosh died in December 2019 at the age of 100.
Canonbury Square is a garden square in Canonbury, North London. It is bounded by terraces of mostly Georgian houses, many of which are listed buildings. The central public gardens contain attractive flower beds and several London plane trees of great age. The Evening Standard newspaper described it in 1956 as “London’s most beautiful square”. Many significant figures from the arts and literary worlds have lived in the square, including George Orwell, Evelyn Waugh, Samuel Phelps, Duncan Grant and Vanessa Bell.
Canonbury House is the name given to several buildings in the Canonbury area of Islington, North London which once formed the manor house of Canonbury, erected for the Canons of St Bartholomew's Priory between 1509 and 1532. The remains today consist of Canonbury Tower and several buildings from the 1790s, some of which incorporate parts of the late 16th-century manor house. Today, the Tower and the other buildings, including a 1790s building today also named "Canonbury House", are arranged around the road named Canonbury Place.
The Metropolitan Public Gardens Association is a charity in London for the purposes of the preservation of public parks and gardens, established in 1882. It facilitated the creation of new public open spaces, including from philanthropic landowners within its membership. The MPGA was involved in the formation and development of other amenity organisations. The charity still exists; in recent decades its emphasis has changed to smaller parcels of land and smaller projects within larger spaces, as well as to themed projects. The MPGA was the starting point for the careers of the ground-breaking female landscape gardeners Fanny Wilkinson and Madeline Agar.
John Spencer Square is a neo-Georgian residential garden square in the heart of the Canonbury conservation area in Islington, London, England.
Barnsbury Square is a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by Victorian villas and Regency and Victorian terraces, several of which are listed buildings. The central public gardens contain flower beds and mature trees.
Gibson Square is a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by Regency and Victorian terraced houses, most of which are listed buildings. The central public gardens contain flower beds and mature trees, and an unusual building resembling a classical temple.
Milner Square is a garden square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by early Victorian terraced houses, which are all listed buildings. Historic England describes it as "important for the radical logic of its design, of a type rarely seen outside Scotland and the North, and unlike anything in London."
Cloudesley Square is a square in the Barnsbury district of Islington, North London. It is bounded by Georgian terraced houses, all of which are listed buildings. The central area is occupied by the Gothic Revival former Holy Trinity Church, designed by Charles Barry.
Arundel Square is a garden square in Barnsbury, North London. It is bounded on three sides by terraces of Victorian houses, and on the fourth with modern flats. The central public gardens contain mature trees, attractive flower beds and playground equipment.
Wilmington Square is a garden square in Clerkenwell, Central London. It is bounded by Regency and Victorian terraces, most of which are listed buildings. The central public gardens contain flower beds and mature trees, a pavilion or shelter, and a water fountain.
Historic England listed building entries: