Three Tall Women

Three Tall Women
Written by	Edward Albee
Characters	A woman in her 90s A woman in her 50s A woman in her 20s The Boy
Date premiered	June 14, 1991
Place premiered	Vienna's English Theatre Vienna, Austria
Original language	English
Genre	Drama

Three Tall Women is a two-act play by Edward Albee that premiered at Vienna's English Theatre in 1991. The three unnamed women, one in her 90s, one in her 50s, and one in her 20s, are referred to in the script as A, B, and C. The character of A, the oldest woman, is based in part on Albee's mother. In the first act, B is the caretaker and C is the lawyer for A, while in the second act they become personifications of A from earlier in her life.

An off-Broadway production of Three Tall Women in 1994 won numerous awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, Albee's third Pulitzer. ^[1] Critics widely considered the play a return to form for Albee, after a string of critically derided plays in the 1980s. Three Tall Women premiered on Broadway in 2018, again earning significant acclaim, including star Glenda Jackson winning the Tony Award for Best Actress.

Characters

• A: A is a 92-year-old woman. She is thin, autocratic, proud, and wealthy, with "encroaching senility". ^{[2] [3]}
• B: B is a 52-year-old hired caretaker for A. Although she does not enjoy working for A, she learns much from her. In Act Two, she becomes the personification of A at the age of 52. She is markedly cynical about life.
• C: C is a 26-year-old lawyer, present on behalf of A's law firm, because A has neglected necessary paperwork. In Act Two, she becomes the personification of A at the age of 26. She has all of youth's common self-assurance.
• The Boy: The son of the three women, he does not play a speaking role, but is the subject of much discussion among them. A falling-out between the son and his mother(s) is the cause of much of A and B's despair.

Notable productions

Characters	Off-Broadway debut	West End debut	Broadway debut
	1994	1995	2018
A	Myra Carter	Maggie Smith	Glenda Jackson
B	Marian Seldes	Frances de la Tour	Laurie Metcalf
C	Jordan Baker	Anastasia Hille	Allison Pill

Overview

The protagonist, a compelling woman more than 90 years old, reflects on her life with a mixture of shame, pleasure, regret, and satisfaction. She recalls the fun of her childhood and her early marriage, when she felt an overwhelming optimism. She also bitterly recalls negative events that caused her regret: her husband’s affairs and death, and the estrangement of her gay son.

The woman’s relationship with her son is the clearest indication that Albee was working through some troubled memories of his own in Three Tall Women. Raised by conservative New England adoptive parents who disapproved of his being gay, he left home at 18, as does the son in this play. Albee admitted to The Economist that the play "was a kind of exorcism. And I didn’t end up any more fond of the woman after I finished it than when I started." ^{[ citation needed ]}

A study guide to the play noted, "Besides exorcising personal demons, Albee regained the respect of New York theater critics with the play. Many of them had despaired that the playwright, who showed such promise during the 1960s and 1970s, had dried up creatively. In fact, Three Tall Women was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1994, as well as the Drama Critics Circle, Lucille Lortel, and Outer Critics Circle awards for best play." ^[4]

Plot summary

Act I

The play opens with the three major characters together in A's bedroom. Throughout the scene, A does most of the talking, frequently reminiscing and telling stories about her life. B humors her, while helping her do everyday things that have become difficult to do alone (sitting down, going to the bathroom, getting into bed). C, while getting a rare word in edgewise about the duties she is there to accomplish, is most often deterred by A's slipping into long-winded storytelling. C often challenges A's contradictory and nonsensical statements, but she is discouraged by B, who is clearly used to A and her habits. Act 1 ends when A, in the middle of one of her stories, has a stroke.

Act II

The play picks up with a mannequin of A lying in a bed. A, B, and C are no longer the separate entities of Act 1, but represent A at different times in her life (their ages corresponding to those of A, B, and C in Act 1). Since A, B, and C in this act are all very coherent (unlike the senile A of Act 1), the audience gets a much clearer insight into the woman's past.

At one point, the son comes in to sit by the mannequin. A and B (who are invisible to him) are not happy to see him, because of the rift between them. C (also unseen by the son) is none the wiser, because she is from a period in the woman's life before her marriage. He says nothing throughout, and leaves before the end of the play.

The play ends with A, B, and C debating about the happiest moment in their life. A has the last word, saying, "That's the happiest moment. When it's all done. When we stop. When we can stop."

Productions

Three Tall Women had its world premiere at the English Theatre, Vienna, Austria, in June 1991. ^[5] The play was directed by Albee, with a cast that included Myra Carter as the Old Woman, Kathleen Butler as the Middle-Aged Woman, Cynthia Bassham as the Young Woman, and Howard Nightingall as the Boy. ^[6]

The play opened off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on January 27, 1994, and closed on March 13, 1994. Directed by Lawrence Sacharow, the cast featured Jordan Baker (as C), Myra Carter (as A), Michael Rhodes (as the Boy), and Marian Seldes (as B). The production moved to the Promenade Theatre on April 13, 1994, where it ran to August 26, 1995. ^{[2] [7] [8]} During the run, Seldes assumed the role of A, with Joan Van Ark and Frances Conroy assuming the role of B.

The play premiered in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre in October 1994, directed by Anthony Page and featuring Maggie Smith (Elder Tall Woman), Frances de la Tour (Middle Tall Woman), Anastasia Hille (Younger Tall Woman), and John Ireland (the Boy). ^[9]

In April 1995, translated as Três Mulheres Altas, the play opened at the Teatro Hebraica theater in São Paulo, Brazil, directed by José Possi Neto and starring Beatriz Segall as A, Nathalia Thimberg as B and Marisa Orth as C. ^[10]

The play opened in Washington, DC, at the Kennedy Center's Eisenhower Theater on November 9, 1995. Directed by Lawrence Sacharow, the production starred Marian Seldes as A, Michael Learned as B, Christina Rouner as C, and Michael Rhodes as the Boy.

Translated as Tres mujeres altas, the play premiered in Madrid at the Teatro Lara in September 1995. It was directed by Jaime Chávarri and adapted by Vicente Molina Foix. The cast featured María Jesús Valdés (A), Magüi Mira (B), and Sílvia Marsó (C). ^[11]

The play was revived in London at the Wyndhams Theatre in October 1995, with direction by Anthony Page and featuring Maggie Smith, Sara Kestelman, and Samantha Bond. ^[12]

The play premiered on Broadway at the Golden Theatre on March 29, 2018, directed by Joe Mantello and starring Glenda Jackson as A, Laurie Metcalf as B, and Alison Pill as C. ^{[13] [14] [15]}

A 2021 performance at the Stratford Festival in Canada starred Canadian stage icon Martha Henry as A, in her final performance before her death. ^[16] A film of the production was broadcast by CBC Television in 2022, and received three Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.

In August 2022, still translated as Três Mulheres Altas, the play once again premiered in Brazil, but this time at the Teatro Copacabana Palace located in Rio de Janeiro directed by Fernando Philbert and starring Suely Franco as A, Deborah Evelyn as B and Nathalia Dill as C. The play also premiered at the TUCA Theater later that year ^{[17] [18]}

Awards and nominations

1994 off-Broadway production

Year	Award	Category	Nominee	Result
1994	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Actress in a Play	Myra Carter	Won
	Drama Critics Circle Award [7]	Best Play		Won
	Lucille Lortel Award [7]	Outstanding Play		Won
		Best Actress	Myra Carter	Won
	Outer Critics Circle Award [7]	Best off-Broadway Play		Won
		Best Actress	Myra Carter	Won
	Pulitzer Prize for Drama [19]			Won
	Obie Award	Distinguished Performance by an Actor	Myra Carter	Won

1994 West End production

Year	Award	Category	Nominee	Result
1994	Evening Standard Award [20] [21]	Best Play		Won
		Best Actress	Maggie Smith	Won

2018 Broadway production

Year	Award	Category	Nominee	Result
2018	Tony Award	Best Revival of a Play		Nominated
		Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play	Glenda Jackson	Won
		Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play	Laurie Metcalf	Won
		Best Scenic Design of a Play	Miriam Buether	Nominated
		Best Costume Design of a Play	Ann Roth	Nominated
		Best Direction of a Play	Joe Mantello	Nominated
	Drama League Award [22]	Outstanding Revival of a Broadway or off-Broadway Play		Nominated
		Distinguished Performance Award	Glenda Jackson	Won
			Laurie Metcalf	Nominated
	Outer Critics Circle Award [23]	Outstanding Revival of a Play (Broadway or Off-Broadway)		Nominated
		Outstanding Director of a Play	Joe Mantello	Nominated
		Outstanding Set Design (Play or Musical)	Miriam Buether	Nominated
		Outstanding Actress in a Play	Glenda Jackson	Won
		Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play	Laurie Metcalf	Won
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Revival of a Play		Nominated
		Outstanding Actress in a Play	Glenda Jackson	Won
			Laurie Metcalf	Nominated
		Outstanding Director of a Play	Joe Mantello	Nominated
		Outstanding Set Design of a Play	Miriam Buether	Won
		Outstanding Costume Design of a Play	Ann Roth	Nominated
		Outstanding Lighting Design of a Play	Paul Gallo	Nominated

References

1. Gussow, Mel 1999). Edward Albee: A Singular Journey. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 353. ISBN   0-684-80278-3.
2. Brantley, Ben. "Review/Theater: 'Three Tall Women'; Edward Albee Conjures Up Three Ages of Woman" The New York Times, February 14, 1994
3. Albee, Edward. Three Tall Women dramatists.com, retrieved March 30, 2018
4. Gale, Cengage Learning. A Study Guide for Edward Albee's "Three Tall Women", "Drama for Students", Introduction, Gale, Cengage Learning, 2016, ISBN   1410360512
5. Wise, Michael Z. "Viennese Not Waltzing Over Albee's 'Three Tall Women' : Stage: The disaffected American playwright is premiering his latest work far from home because Broadway 'is our national disgrace.'" Los Angeles Times, June 27, 1991
6. Albee, Edward. "Script", Edward Albee's Three Tall Women, Dramatists Play Service, Inc., 1994, ISBN   0822214202, p. 3
7. "'Three Tall Women' Vineyard" lortel.org, accessed November 6, 2015
8. "'Three Tall Women' Promenade" lortel.org, accessed November 6, 2015
9. "'Three Tall Women' 1994" theatricalia.com, accessed November 6, 2015
10. "Folha de S.Paulo - "Três Mulheres Altas" estréia hoje em SP com Beatriz Segall - 13/4/1995". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2023-01-26.
11. "Silvia Marsó - TRES MUJERES ALTAS de Edward Albee - Teatro 1995". 24 March 2015.
12. Taylor, Paul. "REVIEW:Theatre Three Tall Women Wyndham's Theatre, London" The Independent, October 22, 2011
13. Cox, Gordon (May 19, 2017). "Glenda Jackson to Return to Broadway in 'Three Tall Women'". Variety. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
14. Hetrick, Adam. "Glenda Jackson, Laurie Metcalf, and Alison Pill Open Broadway Premiere of Edward Albee’s 'Three Tall Women'" Playbill, March 29, 2018
15. McHenry, Jackson. "Triple Whammy: Glenda Jackson, Laurie Metcalf, and Alison Pill Unite for 'Three Tall Women'" vulture.com (New York Magazine), March 5, 2018
16. "Martha Henry's final performance on the stage was 'given in the face of her own death'". CBC Arts, October 14, 2022.
17. "Com texto premiado, peça aborda as diferentes fases da vida das mulheres". VEJA RIO (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-01-26.
18. "Depois de quase 30 anos, 'Três Mulheres Altas' faz nova temporada em SP | Na Plateia". VEJA SÃO PAULO (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-01-26.
19. "Pulitzer Prize for Drama" pulitzer.org, accessed November 6, 2015
20. Evening Standard Awards Archived 2012-05-04 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 October 2009
21. "Albee's 'Tall Women' Wins Award in London" New York Times, November 28, 1994
22. McPhee, Ryan. "Glenda Jackson, 'Harry Potter and the Cursed Child' Among 2018 Drama League Award Winners"playbill.com, May 18, 2018
23. McPhee, Ryan. " 'Harry Potter and the Cursed Child', 'My Fair Lady' Win Big at 2018 Outer Critics Circle Awards" Playbill, May 7, 2018

• Rose, Lloyd (November 10, 1995). "Review/Theater: 'A Rage for Dying'". The Washington Post .

External links

• ​Three Tall Women​ (1994 production) at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• ​Three Tall Women​ (2018 production) at the Internet Broadway Database