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A water beetle is a generalized name for any beetle that is adapted to living in water at any point in its life cycle. Most water beetles can only live in fresh water, with a few marine species that live in the intertidal zone or littoral zone. There are approximately 2000 species of true water beetles native to lands throughout the world.
The Haliplidae are a family of water beetles who swim using an alternating motion of the legs. They are therefore clumsy in water, and prefer to get around by crawling. The family consists of about 200 species in 5 genera, distributed wherever there is freshwater habitat; it is the only extant member of superfamily Haliploidea. They are also known as crawling water beetles or haliplids.
The Dytiscidae – based on the Greek dytikos (δυτικός), "able to dive" – are the predaceous diving beetles, a family of water beetles. They occur in virtually any freshwater habitat around the world, but a few species live among leaf litter. The adults of most are between 1 and 2.5 cm (0.4–1.0 in) long, though much variation is seen between species. The European Dytiscus latissimus and Brazilian Megadytes ducalis are the largest, reaching up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) and 4.75 cm (1.9 in) respectively. In contrast, the smallest is likely the Australian Limbodessus atypicali of subterranean waters, which only is about 0.9 mm (0.035 in) long. Most are dark brown, blackish, or dark olive in color with golden highlights in some subfamilies. The larvae are commonly known as water tigers due to their voracious appetite. They have short, but sharp mandibles and immediately upon biting, they deliver digestive enzymes into prey to suck their liquefied remains. The family includes more than 4,000 described species in numerous genera.
Graphoderus is a genus of beetle in family Dytiscidae native to the Holarctic.
Acilius is a holarctic genus of diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae and typically has a life cycle that is univoltine.
Thermonectus is a genus of beetle in family Dytiscidae. This genus is native to the New World, and mainly from warm temperate to tropical in distribution, but one species, T. basillaris occurs as far north as southern Ontario, Canada. They inhabit a wide range of freshwater habitats with static water and are often common. They are generally about 0.8–1.5 cm (0.3–0.6 in) long and a few species from desert pools in North America have a distinct yellow-spotted pattern on a black background.
Aethionectes is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae found in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.
Rhantaticus congestus is a species of beetle in the family Dytiscidae, the only species in the genus Rhantaticus. The current definition of R. congestus makes it one of the most widespread dytiscid species in the world, found throughout much of Africa, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines to Australia. However, the definition of the genus containing a single species may change as it becomes better understood.
Sandracottus is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae. These aquatic beetles are found in ponds and slow streams from South Asia east to southern Japan, and south to Australia. They are generally about 1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and often have distinctive markings.
Onychohydrus is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae. The genus is found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand's North Island. The genus consists of these two species:
Regimbartina pruinosa is a species of beetle in the family Dytiscidae, the only species in the genus Regimbartina. The known distribution of the species is in Cameroon, Angola, and Gabon.
Spencerhydrus is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae. The genus is found only in southern Australia and contains the following two species:
Sternhydrus is a genus of beetles in the family Dytiscidae. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and Buru Island. The genus contains the following four species:
Copelatus ilybioides is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in Africa.
Carabdytes plantaris is a naturally uncommon species of diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. For over a century, it was known from just a single specimen collected in 1880 "near Dunedin", and doubts were cast on whether it was actually a New Zealand species at all. In 1986, it was rediscovered when several were collected from a roadside pond near Lake Ellesmere. Carabdytes plantaris is now classed as "naturally uncommon" by the Department of Conservation.
Hydroporinae is a subfamily of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are at least 2,200 described species in Hydroporinae.
Graphoderus liberus is a species of predaceous diving beetle in the family Dytiscidae. It is found in North America.
Dytiscinae is a subfamily of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are at least 20 genera and 380 described species in Dytiscinae.
Aciliini is a tribe of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There are 7 genera and at least 69 described extant species in Aciliini, along with 5 fossil species.
Liadyxianus is an extinct genus of predaceous diving beetles in the family Dytiscidae. There is one described species in Liadyxianus, L. kirejtshuki.
References
- ↑ Miller, K.B.; J. Bergsten (2016). Diving Beetles of the World: Systematics and Biology of the Dytiscidae. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-1-4214-2054-7.
- ↑ Nilsson, Anders N.; Hájek, Jiří (2021). "A World Catalogue of the Family Dytiscidae or the Diving Beetles (Coleoptera, Adephaga)" (PDF) (1.I.2021 ed.).Cite journal requires
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