Timeline of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California

Last updated

The following is a timeline of the history of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, United States.

Contents

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
DateEventImageRef(s)
1771 Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (Carmel Mission) was moved from Monterey to Carmel on August 1, 1771; the first mass was celebrated on August 24, and Junípero Serra officially took up residence in the newly constructed buildings on December 24, 1771. Carmel California, 1794 sketch by John Sykes.jpg [1]
1853Known as "Rancho Las Manzanitas", the unoccupied area of wooden hills that became Carmel-by-the-Sea was purchased by French businessman Honoré Escolle in the ca. 1853. He bought the land for pasturage and firewood. Honore Escolle (1832).jpg [2]
1859William Martin of Scotland arrived in Monterey in 1856 by ship with his family. His son, John Martin, bought land around the Carmel River in 1859 from broker Lafayette F. Loveland. He built the Martin Ranch on 216-acre (0.87 km2) that went as far as the Carmel River to the homes along Carmel Point. The ranch became known as the Mission Ranch because it was so close to the Carmel Mission. John Martin and Mission Ranch.jpg [3]
1870The United States government patent gave the Carmel Mission Church 7-acre (0.028 km2) of land. Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg [4]
1880The branch line of the Southern Pacific Railroad between Castroville and Monterey, California was completed. It was called the Del Monte Express. Charles Crocker chose Monterey as the site for a new seaside luxury hotel, which would be called the Hotel Del Monte. It was thought that the Southern Pacific would extend the line to Carmel. Del Monte at Monterey, September 1970.jpg [5] [4] : 220 
1884Work began on the repair of the Carmel Mission Church. Leland Stanford led the fund-raising effort that involved more than 50 citizens of California. Carmel Mission basilica1880.png [4]
1888Escolle and Santiago J. Duckworth, a young developer from Monterey with dreams of establishing a Catholic retreat near the Carmel Mission, signed an agreement to sell 324 acres (131 ha) to Duckworth and his brother on February 18, 1888. The land began at the top of the Carmel Hill and ran past the boundary of the Hatton Ranch, down through Ocean Avenue to Junipero Avenue. On May 1, 1888, they filed a subdivision map with the County Recorder of Monterey County. Santiago J. Duckworth.jpg [6] [7]
1889 Abbie Jane Hunter, a realtor from San Francisco, bought seven Carmel City lots. She became a real estate associate with Duckworth, to help build a Catholic summer resort called Carmel City. Abbie Jane Hunter portrait.jpg [2] : 9, 15 
1889In 1889, Carpenter Delos Goldsmith (1828–1923), an uncle to Abbie Jane Hunter, built the Carmel bathhouse above the beach at the foot of Ocean Avenue to attract visitors to Carmel City. Hunter's son, Wesley R. Hunter (1876–1966) helped build it. It was torn down in 1929. Carmel Bath House.jpg [2] : 15  [8]
1889The first Carmel Post Office opened in 1889. Seal of the United States Department of the Post Office.svg [9] [2]
1890Hotel Carmelo was one of the first buildings constructed along Ocean Avenue. In 1890, Carmel City trees were removed and an outline marked for the construction of Ocean Avenue heading east up the hill. Carmel City Street.jpg [10]
1892Abbie Jane Hunter used the name Carmel-by-the-Sea in advertisements for the first. She founded the Women's Real Estate Investment Company and acquired 164-acre (0.66 km2) of the Carmel City Tract. [2] : 16  [11] : 32 
1902City was founded in 1902. San Francisco attorney Frank Hubbard Powers purchased all the unsold land in Carmel with real estate developer James Franklin Devendorf who became his partner. They formed the Carmel Development Company on November 25, 1902, and established the artists and writers' colony that became Carmel-by-the-Sea, in 1903. James Franklin Devendorf (1877).jpg [12] [6] : 8  [4] : 222 
1902 (or 1903)Richardson Log Cabin, is a historic building that was built in 1902 (or 1903), by George H. Richardson, an Alameda attorney. The structure is recognized as one of the oldest residential buildings in Carmel and the earliest known residence of American poet Robinson Jeffers and his wife Una. Richardson Log Cabin.jpg [13]
1903The Carmel Development Company Building was the first "modern" commercial building in Carmel built by Thomas Albert Work of Pacific Grove, California, in 1902–1903, on the northwest corner of San Carlos Street and Ocean Avenue. Carmel Development Co. Building.jpg [11]
1903 Louis S. Slevin photographed Carmel in 1903, and was the first to open a general merchandise store in 1905. He was also the first postmaster and town treasurer. Slevin's store in 1905.jpg [6]
1905The Carmel Arts and Crafts Club was founded in 1905, by Elsie Allen, a former art instructor for Wellesley College. The club was located at Monte Verde Street where the Golden Bough Playhouse is today. The clubhouse served as the Carmel community cultural center. Between 1919 and 1948 Carmel was the largest art colony on the Pacific coast. Carmel Arts & Crafts Hall, 1907.jpg [14]
1905Writers Mary Austin, Jack London, James Hooper, Arnold Genthe, and George Sterling came to Carmel. In 1905, Sterling bought property between 10th and 11th Avenues. Mary Austin, Jack London, George Sterling, Jimmie Hooper, restored.jpg [4] : 241 
1906The Sunset School was Carmel's first public school founded in 1904, moving in 1906 to San Carlos Street. In 1907, there were only 30 children and one teacher. Sunset Center - Carmel-by-the-Sea, Ca..jpg [12]
1908Carmel fire department was established in 1908 by twenty citizens that was led by Robert George Leidig (1879–1970). [6]
1910 Dr. Daniel T. MacDougal of the Carnegie Institution established the Coastal Botanical Laboratory at the Outlands in the Eighty Acres, with some scientists moving to the Carmel area. Daniel Trembly MacDougal.jpg [15]
1910The Forest Theater Society was founded by Herbert Heron. The first theatrical production, David and Saul, a biblical drama by Constance Lindsay Skinner under the direction of Garnet Holme of Berkeley, inaugurated the Forest Theater on July 9, 1910 Forest Theater.jpg [4] [16]
1913 Carmel City Hall was established in July 1913 as the All Saints Episcopal Church located on Monte Verde Street and 7th Avenue. Carmel City Hall entrance.jpg [12]
1914From July through September 1914, painter William Merritt Chase taught his last summer class, his largest with over one hundred pupils, at the Carmel Arts and Crafts Club's Summer School Of Art. Chase William Merritt Self Portrait 1915.jpg [17]
1915The Carmel Pine Cone was founded in 1915 by William Overstreet who proclaimed in the first four-page edition of 300 copies, "we are here to stay!" Carmel Pine Cone 1921-05-05 (IA ccarm 001338).pdf [18]
1916City was incorporated on October 31, 1916. Alfred P. Frazer became first Mayor of Carmel. Seal of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.png [9] [4] [19]
1916 August Englund served as Carmel's first police chief and one-man police department, dedicated to ensuring the safety and security of Carmel for nearly 20 years. Gus Englund and Beauty.jpg [20]
1920In 1920, Carmel-by-the-Sea had a total population of 638. Seal of the United States Census Bureau.svg [21]
1921The Abalone League baseball and softball league was established in 1921. It was the first softball league in the Western United States. The League was a Carmel focal point for many years. Abalone League team.jpg [22] [23]
1922A city planning commission was established to protect Carmel from over commercialization. Perry Newberry, concerned about Carmel's growth, entered city politics. [4]
1922 Carmel Woods was laid out in 1922 by developer Samuel F. B. Morse (1885–1969). It included a 25-acre (0.10 km2) subdivision with 119 building lots. Carmel Woods was one of three major land developments adjacent to the Carmel city limits between 1922 and 1925. The other two were the Hatton Fields, a 233 acres (94 ha) between the eastern town limit and Highway 1, and the Walker Tract to the south, which was 216 acres (87 ha) of the Martin Ranch called The Point. Statue of Junipero Serra (Carmel Woods).jpg [24]
1923The Bank of Carmel opened on July 15, 1923, in a building between Mission and Dolores Streets in Carmel-by-the-Sea. Businessman Thomas Albert Work (1870–1963), of Pacific Grove, was elected president and Barnet J. Segal (1898–1985) was a director and early founder of the bank. Bank of Carmel.jpg [11]
1924 Hugh W. Comstock built a cottage in the style of a storybook, intended to showcase his wife's popular Otsy-Totsy dolls. The style not only marked a new venture for him but also ignited a trend of fairytale-style cottages in Carmel. Hansel cottage.jpg [6] : 100  [25]
1925 Paul Aiken Flanders founded the Carmel Land Company to help develop Hatton Fields. He purchased 233.15 acres (94.35 ha) of property from the Hatton estate for $100,000 (equivalent to $1,737,381in 2023). Hatton Fields in 1921.jpg [26] [27]
1927The Carmel Art Association was founded on August 8, 1927, by a small group of artists. Ira Mallory Remsen's studio on Dolores Street became the permanent home for the Carmel Art Association in 1933. Carmel Art Association.jpg [28]
1928The Harrison Memorial Library, designed by architect Bernard Maybeck, and built by Michael J. Murphy in 1928. Harrison Memorial Library, Carmel.jpg [29]
1928The Kocher Building was built, the first of three commercial structures designed by Blaine & Olsen of Oakland, in the Spanish Eclectic Revival style. It was followed by El Paseo Building (1928) and La Ribera Hotel (1929). Kocher Building.jpg [11]
1929The Grace Deere Velie Metabolic Clinic, funded by Grace Deere Velie Harris, opens on the outskirts of Carmel. Specializing in "metabolic disorders" it was converted to a general hospital in 1934 and becomes the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula. [30]
1929 Perry Newberry became the city trustee on the platform "Keep Carmel Off the Map!" Mayor Perry Newberry.jpg [4] : 247 
1929In early 1929 photographer Edward Weston came to Carmel and moved to Johan Hagemeyer's cottage in Carmel, at Mountain View and Ocean Avenues. Young Edward Weston with a camera.jpg [31]
1932 James Cooper Doud established the Doud Building, built by master builder Michael J. Murphy as a mixed-use retail shop and residence, located on the SW corner of Ocean Avenue and Mission Street. Doud Building, Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.jpg [32]
1937The Carmel Fire Station was opened in June 1937, located on 6th Avenue, between San Carolos and Mission Streets. The Carmel Fire Station.jpg [33]
1986Actor Clint Eastwood, Republican is elected Mayor of Carmel from 1986 to 1988. Clint Eastwood at 2010 New York Film Festival.jpg [34]
1989By 1989, the Harrison Memorial Library expanded to the a second Park Brank Library located at Mission Street and 6th Avenue. The Henry Meade Williams Local History Room, in honor of Henry Meade Williams, preserves collections of manuscripts, personal papers, photographs, and books relating to Carmel's history. Harrison Library Park Branch.jpg [35]
2020As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. [21]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmel-by-the-Sea, California</span> Town in California, United States

Carmel-by-the-Sea, commonly known simply as Carmel, is a town in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lincoln Steffens</span> American investigative journalist (1866–1936)

Joseph Lincoln Steffens was an American investigative journalist and one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era in the early 20th century. He launched a series of articles in McClure's, called "Tweed Days in St. Louis", that would later be published together in a book titled The Shame of the Cities. He is remembered for investigating corruption in municipal government in American cities and for his leftist values.

Francis Whitaker was a blacksmith in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, where he established The Forge in the Forest. He had The Mountain Forge, in Aspen, Colorado, which he later relocated when he was named an artist-in-residence at the Colorado Rocky Mountain School in Carbondale, Colorado.

Allied Arts Guild was founded in 1928 and is a complex of artist studios, shops, restaurant, and gardens in Menlo Park, California, and is used as a venue for both public and private events. It is run by the Allied Arts Guild Auxiliary to provide funds for uncompensated care and special projects at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jo Mora</span> Artist, sculptor, illustrator

Joseph Jacinto Mora was a Uruguayan-born American cowboy, photographer, artist, cartoonist, illustrator, painter, muralist, sculptor, and historian who wrote about his experiences in California. He has been called the "Renaissance Man of the West".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmel Highlands, California</span> Unincorporated community in California, United States

Carmel Highlands is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Carmel-by-the-Sea, at an elevation of 318 feet. Carmel Highlands is just south of the Point Lobos State Reserve, and serves as the northern gateway of the Big Sur coastline along California State Route 1. Carmel Highlands was laid out in 1916 by developers Frank Hubbard Powers and James Franklin Devendorf and the Carmel Development Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Hopper (writer)</span> American writer and novelist (1876–1956)

James Marie Hopper was an American writer and novelist. He was also an early college football player and coach, playing at the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1890s and then serving single seasons as head football coach at Nevada State University—now known as the University of Nevada, Reno—in 1900 and at his alma mater, California, in 1904. During his lifetime, Hopper published 450 short stories and six novels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johan Hagemeyer</span>

Johan Hagemeyer was a Dutch-born horticulturalist and vegetarian who is remembered primarily for being an early 20th century photographer and artistic intellectual.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Stanton (architect)</span> American architect

Robert Stanton (1900-1983) was an American architect. A resident of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, he practiced primarily in the central California coastal region, and was responsible for a variety of eclectic buildings, most notably the Monterey County Court House and the King City Joint Union High School Auditorium, both listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He worked closely with sculptor Joseph Jacinto Mora on several of his projects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunset Center</span> United States historic place

The Sunset Center is located in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, United States. It is a performing arts center which features concerts, comedy, theatre, and dance. Formerly the Sunset School, the site was purchased by the city of Carmel in 1965 with the plan to develop it into a cultural center. It is home to the Carmel Bach Festival. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Statue of Junípero Serra (Carmel-by-the-Sea, California)</span> Statue in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, U.S.

A statue of Junípero Serra, also known as the Serra Shrine, was installed in the community of Carmel Woods in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, United States. Artist Joseph "Jo" Mora (1876-1947), designed and carved the wood statue of Serra for real estate developer Samuel F.B. Morse's new subdivision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch</span> War memorial in Carmel-by-the-Sea

The Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch is a World War I memorial designed in 1919 by architect Charles Sumner Greene and located at Ocean Avenue and San Carlos Street center median divider in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The Memorial Arch was designated as a significant monument in the city's Downtown Historic District Property Survey, The Memorial Arch was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation on November 16, 2001. The Memorial Arch has been a historic landmark since November 1921, when it was built for Carmel World War I veterans. The Spanish Mission Revival style arch is constructed of Carmel sandstone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Franklin Devendorf</span> American builder

James Franklin Devendorf, was a pioneer real estate developer and philanthropist. Devendorf and attorney Frank Hubbard Powers (1864-1921), founded the Carmel Development Company in 1902. He became the "Father" of an artists and writers' colony that became Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, which included the Carmel Highlands, California. Devendorf spent the next 30 years of his life developing Carmel and the Carmel Highlands into a community of painters, writers, and musicians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmel Arts and Crafts Club</span> Early Carmel art club

The Carmel Arts and Crafts Club was an art gallery, theatre and clubhouse founded in 1905, by Elsie Allen, a former art instructor for Wellesley College.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert Heron (writer)</span> American poet and writer (1883-1968)

Herbert "Bert" Heron was an American writer, actor, and poet. Heron is best known for founding the Forest Theater in 1910. He was the former mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, for two terms in the 1920s. He lived in Carmel for 62 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perry Newberry</span> American poet and writer (1883-1968)

Perry Harmon Newberry was an American writer, actor and director. He was an editor and publisher of the Carmel Pine Cone and the fifth mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. Newberry was known for his efforts to "keep Carmel free from tourists".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Ribera Hotel</span> Historic building in California, U.S.

The La Ribera Hotel, also known as the Cypress Inn, is a historic Spanish Eclectic hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. It was designed by architects Blaine & Olsen of Oakland, California and built in 1929, by Meese & Briggs. The building was designated as a significant commercial building in the city's Downtown Historic District Property Survey, and was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation on February 13, 2003.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Playa Hotel</span> Historic building in California, U.S.

The La Playa Hotel is a historic two-story hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, once owned by artist Chris Jorgensen. The building is an example of Mediterranean Revival architecture. The building qualified as an important commercial building and was registered with the California Register of Historical Resources on September 21, 2002.

References

  1. ↑ Slevin, Slevin, L.S., M. E. (1912). Guide Book to the Mission of San Carlos at Carmel and Monterey, California. Carmel News Co. pp. 9, 11. ASIN   B000893QGS.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Hudson, Monica (2006). Carmel-By-The-Sea. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 9–14. ISBN   9780738531229 . Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  3. ↑ "There were horses, cows and swine, but surprisingly, no sheep" (PDF). The Carmel Pine Cone. December 10, 2021. p. 23. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fink, Augusta (2000). Monterey County: The Dramatic Story of its Past. Valley Publishers. p. 244. ISBN   9780913548622 . Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  5. ↑ Orsi, Richard J. (February 6, 2007). Sunset Limited, The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850–1930. University of California Press. p. 115. ISBN   9780520251649 . Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Hale, Sharron Lee (1980). A tribute to yesterday: The history of Carmel, Carmel Valley, Big Sur, Point Lobos, Carmelite Monastery, and Los Burros. Santa Cruz, California: Valley Publishers. pp. 4–5. ISBN   9780913548738 . Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Carmel City. The Beautiful Spot Decided Upon For a Catholic Summer Resort". Monterey Cypress. Monterey, California. April 20, 1889. p. 1. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Old Bath House". Carmel Pine Cone. Carmel-by-the-Sea. August 6, 1945. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  9. 1 2 Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 881. ISBN   1-884995-14-4.
  10. ↑ Dramov, Alissandra (2022). Past & Present Carmel-By-The-Sea. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 16. ISBN   9781467108980 . Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Seavey, Kent (2007). Carmel, A History in Architecture. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Pub. pp. 43–44. ISBN   9780738547053 . Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 Grimes, Teresa; Heumann, Leslie. "Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea" (PDF). Leslie Heumann and Associates1994. pp. 15–16. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  13. ↑ Kent L. Seavey (May 20, 2002). "Department Of Parks And Recreation" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  14. ↑ "The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History by Barbara J. Klein". www.tfaoi.com. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  15. ↑ "DANIEL T. MACDOUGAL (1865–1958)". dpb.carnegiescience.edu. 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  16. ↑ Edwards, Robert W. (2012). Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif.: East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 49, 124, 144, 179. ISBN   9781467545679. OCLC   1240419876.
  17. ↑ "The Chase School Of Art At Carmel-By-The-Sea, California, by Eunice T. Gray". Art and Progress. 6 (4): 118–120. February 1915. JSTOR   20561363.
  18. ↑ "1915 Oakland Tribute reference to founding of Carmel Pine Cone in 1915 by William Overstreet - Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Fog Makes Fleet Late In Reaching Monterey Harbor". Bakersfield Morning Echo. Bakersfield, California. August 26, 1919. p. 2. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Gus Englund Of Carmel Fame Dies". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. November 5, 1935. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  21. 1 2 "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Carmel Ball League Is Now Incorporated". The Californian. Salinas, California. September 8, 1927. p. 5. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  23. ↑ "Abalone League Village Focal Point for Years". Carmel Pine Cone . Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. April 19, 1940. p. 7. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  24. ↑ "Outlands In The Eighty Acres". United States Department of Interior National Park Service. February 21, 1989. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  25. ↑ Paul, Linda Leigh (2000). Cottages by the Sea, The Handmade Homes of Carmel, America's First Artist Community. New York, NY: Universe. ISBN   9780789304957 . Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  26. ↑ "How the high school got there" (PDF). Carmel Pine Cone. Carmel, California. November 26, 2021. p. 22. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Property Transactions". Carmel Pine Cone. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. December 12, 1925. p. 12. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  28. ↑ "Carmel Art Body Forms". Oakland Tribune. August 10, 1927. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  29. ↑ Kent L. Seavey (November 18, 2002). "Department Of Parks And Recreation" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  30. ↑ "Stanford, Clinic May Affiliate In Research". The Carmel Pine Cone. October 25, 1929. p. 1. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  31. ↑ Edwards, Robert W. (2012). Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1. Oakland, Calif.: East Bay Heritage Project. pp. 193, 203–204, 222, 226, 241, 599, 618, 680, 689. ISBN   9781467545679. An online facsimile of the entire text of Vol. 1 is posted on the Traditional Fine Arts Organization website ( "Introduction to Online Presentation". Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.).
  32. ↑ Dramov, Alissandra (2019). Historic Buildings of Downtown Carmel-by-the-Sea. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 45, 85, 92. ISBN   9781467103039 . Retrieved June 14, 2022.
  33. ↑ Kent L. Seavey (April 25, 2002). "Department Of Parks And Recreation" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  34. ↑ "Call it "Clintwood-by-the-sea"". The Californian. Salinas, California. April 9, 1986. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  35. ↑ "Monterey County Local Historical Directory of Archives and Resources". Monterey County Free Libraries. Retrieved August 20, 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.