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References
- ↑ "Chapter Two The Seven Years of Herzl". Zionisim – The First 120 Years. Jewish Agency. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- 1 2 Neville J. Mandel (1976). The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-02466-3.
In 1897, the year of the first Zionist Congress, a commission was set up in Jerusalem to scrutinise land sales to Jews... the commission effectively halted land sales to Jews in the Mutasarriflik for the next few years. Thus, when the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA — an organisation founded by Baron Maurice de Hirsch in 1891 and un-connected with the Zionist Movement) began to interest itself in Palestine in 1896, it very quickly discovered that the possibilities of buying land were wider in the north of the country... The breakthrough, from JCA's point of view, came in 1901 when the Council of Ministers ruled that JCA's President, Narcisse Leven, could, as a foreigner, buy land in the Vilayet of Beirut under the Ottoman Land Code of 1867, provided that he undertook not to install foreign Jews on it. The very fact that this concession could be granted shortly after the 1901 regulations went into force points to another weakness in the Government's handling of its own policy. Under this concession, JCA acquired 31,500 dunams of land near Tiberias in the early part of 1901, mainly from the Sursuq family of Beirut.
- ↑ Khalidi. Diaspora. p.38
- ↑ Beska, Emanuel (2014). "Political Opposition to Zionism in Palestine and Greater Syria: 1910–1911 as a Turning Point". Institute for Palestine Studies. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
- ↑ Choueiri, pp.166–168.
- ↑ Gavron, David (2000). The Kibbutz: Awakening from Utopia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 30. ISBN 9780847695263 . Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ La Guardia, Anton (2002). War without end: Israelis, Palestinians, and the struggle for a promised land. Macmillan. p. 113.
- ↑ UK National Archives CAB 27/24, EC-41.
- ↑ Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Lord Halifax), January 1939, UK National Archives, CAB 24/282, CP 19 (39).
- ↑ Glass, Joseph B. (2018). From New Zion to Old Zion: American Jewish Immigration and Settlement in Palestine, 1917–1939. Wayne State University Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-0-8143-4422-4.
- ↑ Isaiah Friedman,Palestine: A Twice-Promised Land? The British, the Arabs & Zionism, 1915–1920, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick and London, 2000 vol. 1 pp. 239–40
- ↑ Eliezer Tauber, The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria, Routledge, London 1994 pp. 79ff., esp. 96ff.
- 1 2 Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 28.
- 1 2 3 Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 29.
- ↑ Barbara J. Smith (1 July 1993). The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920–1929. Syracuse University Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-0-8156-2578-0.
- ↑ Wasserstein, 1991, pp. 59–60.
- 1 2 Wasserstein, 1991, p. 60.
- ↑ The charge was for violating paragraphs 32, 57, and 63 of the Ottoman code, dealing with incitement to riot. See E. Elat Haj Amin el Husseini, Ex Mufti of Jerusalem,Tel Aviv 1968 (page no. required). In his memoirs, Sir Ronald Storrs wrote: 'The immediate fomenter of the Arab excesses had been one Haj Amin al-Husseini, the younger brother of Kāmel Effendi, The Mufti. Like most agitators, having incited the man in the street to violence and probable punishment, he fled.' (Sir R. Storrs, Orientations, Nicholson & Watson, London 1945 p. 331: cited also Yehuda Taggar, The Mufti of Jerusalem and Palestine Arab Politics 1930–1937, Garland Publishing, 1986 p. ? Ronald Storrs (reprint 1972) The Memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs Ayer Publishing, ISBN 0-405-04593-X p. 349
- ↑ A Survey of Palestine - prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. Reprinted 1991 by the Institute of Palestine Studies, Washington. Volume 1: ISBN 0-88728-211-3. p.17
- ↑ Safarix.com Archived 11 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine , pg. 49
- ↑ Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917–1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60.
- ↑ Barbara Jean Smith, The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920–1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96–97;
- ↑ ESCO Foundation (1947), Palestine – A Study Of Jewish Arab And British Policies, vol. II, Yale University Press
- ↑ Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics, 1945: A Classification of Land and Area Ownership in Palestine, with Explanatory Notes. PLO Research Center.
- ↑ List of villages sold by Sursocks and their partners to the Zionists since British occupation of Palestine, evidence to the Shaw Commission, 1930, p.1074, exhibit 71
- ↑ "Buying the Emek by Arthur Ruppin, 1929 (with an introduction)". Zionism-israel.com. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- ↑
- Nevill Barbour: Nisi Dominus: A Survey of the Palestine Controversy . George G. Harrap, London 1946, pp. 117–118
- Polk, Stamler, Asfour: Backdrop to Tragedy: The Struggle for Palestine. Beacon Press, Boston, 1957, pp. 237–238.
- ↑ Khalidi, Walid (Ed.) (1992) All That Remains. The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. IoPS, Washington. ISBN 0-88728-224-5. p.573
- ↑ Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the disturbances in Palestine in May, 1921, with correspondence relating thereto (Disturbances), 1921, Cmd. 1540, p. 60.
- 1 2 Khalidi. Remains. p.573
- ↑ Nicosia, Francis R. "Hajj Amin al-Husayni: The Mufti of Jerusalem." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . May 20, 2008. June 17, 2008.
- ↑ Survey. p.18
- ↑ Survey. p.19
- ↑ Survey. p.21
- ↑ Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 37.
- ↑ Survey. pp.21,22
- ↑ Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 43.
- 1 2 Survey p.22
- ↑ Shepherd, Naomi (1999) Ploughing Sand. British Rule in Palestine 1917–1948. John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5707 0. p.197
- ↑ Segev, Tom (2000). One Palestine, Complete . Metropolitan Books. pp. 314–327. ISBN 0-8050-4848-0.
- ↑ Survey. p.24
- ↑ "United Nations Maintenance Page". maintenance.un.org. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
- ↑ Khalidi. Diaspora. p.90
- ↑ Survey. p, 30
- ↑ Survey. pp.31,32
- ↑ Horne, Edward (1982). A Job Well Done (Being a History of The Palestine Police Force 1920–1948). The Anchor Press. ISBN 0-9508367-0-2. pp.193.194,199
- ↑ Survey. p.33
- ↑ Khalidi. Diaspora. p.91
- ↑ Survey. p.35
- ↑ Survey. p.37
- ↑ Khalidi. Remains. p.574
- ↑ Survey. p.38
- ↑ William Roger Louis, Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization, 2006, p.391
- ↑ Benny Morris, One state, two states:resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict, 2009, p. 66
- ↑ Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, p. 48; p. 11 "while the Zionist movement, after much agonising, accepted the principle of partition and the proposals as a basis for negotiation"; p. 49 "In the end, after bitter debate, the Congress equivocally approved –by a vote of 299 to 160 – the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiation."
- ↑ "Britain Drops Partition, Maps Peace Parleys; Agency Rejects Woodhead Report As Talks Basis". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 1938-11-10. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
- ↑ "League of Nations Archives". Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
- ↑ Motti Golini, Palestine Between Politics and Terror, 1945-1947], Brandeis University Press, 2013, p.192.
- ↑ Haim Levenberg, [Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948], Psychology Press, 1993, pp.83-84.
- ↑ A/RES/106 (S-1) Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine of 15 May 1947 General Assembly Resolution 106 Constituting the UNSCOP
- ↑ UNSCOP Report Archived 2012-06-10 at the Wayback Machine . Doc.nr. A/364 d.d. 3 September 1947
- ↑ A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947". United Nations. 1947. Retrieved 30 December 2012
- ↑ Benny Morris. 1948 : The First Arab-Israel War. Yale University Press. pp. 107–108.
- ↑ James Cameron, (British journalist), "The making of Israel", published by Martin Secker & Warburgh Ltd, 1976. SBN 436 08230 6. Page 51. "Seventy Jews were killed, many of them after surrendering, many of them finished off most barbarously by Arab villagers instructed by legionaries."
- ↑ Moshe Dayan, 'The Story of My Life'. ISBN 0-688-03076-9. Page 130. Out of a total of 670 prisoners released.