| Tingupidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Order: | Chordeumatida |
| Superfamily: | Brannerioidea |
| Family: | Tingupidae Loomis, 1966 |
Tingupidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. [1] Adult millipedes in this family have 28 or 30 segments (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last). [2] [3] [4] There are 2 genera and 13 described species in Tingupidae. [5] [6]
Causeyella causeyae, Causey's cave millipede, is a millipede, ghostly white in color, which was first noticed, but not identified, in 1964. It was discovered in caves in Arkansas in 2004. It has been found in 10 caves in Izard, Independence, and Stone counties.
Causeyella youngsteadtorum, Youngsteadt's cave millipede, is a ghostly white millipede, first collected in 1976 by Norman and Jean Youngsteadt, but not recognized as a new species until 2003. It has been found in seven caves in Boone and Searcy counties in Arkansas.
Glomerida is an order of pill-millipedes found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. They superficially resemble pill-bugs or woodlice, and can enroll into a protective ball. They have twelve body segments, 17 to 19 pairs of legs, and males have enlarged rear legs involved in mating. The order includes about 30 genera and at least 280 species, including Glomeris marginata, the common European pill-millipede. The order contains members in Europe, South-east Asia and the Americas from California to Guatemala. Although historically considered closely related with the similar sphaerotheriidans that also enroll, some DNA evidence suggest they may be more closely related to glomeridesmidans, a poorly known order that does not enroll.
Desmoxytes, whose species are commonly known as the dragon millipedes, is a genus of millipedes of the family Paradoxosomatidae found in Southeast Asia. The genus was described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1923, and reviewed by Sergei Golovatch and Henrik Enghoff in 1994. At least 18 species are known from to Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. One species, D. planata, has also been observed in Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Seychelles, Java, Great Coco Island, and Fiji; however, this species has expanded its range by being transported through human activity. Several species have only recently been discovered, and some have yet to be officially described.
Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, containing approximately 3,500 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Causeyella, is a genus of millipedes comprising three species:
Glomeridesmida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia containing 2 families and at least 31 species. Glomeridesmida is the only living order of the superorder Limacomorpha. Glomeridesmidans are small and somewhat flattened, and unlike other orders of Pentazonia, are unable to roll into a ball. Ocelli (eyes) are absent.
Callipodida is an order of millipedes containing around 130 species, many characterized by crests or ridges.
Chordeumatida is a large order of millipedes containing some 1200 species with a nearly worldwide distribution. Also known as "sausage millipedes," they possess around 30 body segments behind the head as adults and reach about 25 mm (0.98 in) in length.
Branneria is a genus of small millipedes in the order Chordeumatida and the only genus in the family Branneriidae. Individuals reach about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. There are two species known, found in the southeastern USA: Branneria bonoculus is found in Arkansas and eastern Texas while B. carinata occurs from North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. The adult B. bonoculus millipede has 28 body segments, and the adult B. carinata millipede has 26, both fewer than the 30 usually found in the order Chordeumatida. In both species, the gonopod complex in adult males includes three leg pairs rather than just the two that are usually modified into gonopods in this order.
Casimir Albrecht Willem Jeekel (1922–2010) was a Dutch myriapodologist and entomologist known for his major contributions to the taxonomy of millipedes. His 1971 monograph Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum is credited as launching the "modern era" of millipede taxonomy, and has been considered the "most important single work ever published on the Diplopoda". He served as director of the Zoological Museum Amsterdam, and authored over 150 works on the taxonomy of millipedes and other myriapods.
Glomeridesmidae, is a millipede family of the order Glomeridesmida. Adult females in this family have 36 pairs of legs and 21 segments, counting 20 tergites plus the anal shield. Male specimens in this family are rare and known for only a small number of species. Descriptions of mature males in at least three species report 35 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and 20 segments, one fewer than the 21 segments found in adult females. The description of an adult male of another species, however, reports 37 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and the same 21 segments normally found in adult females. The family includes 27 species belonging to one genus.
Caseyidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. There are about 7 genera and at least 40 described species in Caseyidae.
Cleidogonidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28, 29, or 30 segments. This family includes the genus Tianella, notable for featuring adult millipedes with 29 segments, a number not found in the adults of any other chordeumatidan species. All Tianella species have adults with 29 segments except for two in which adults have only 28 segments. There are seven genera and at least 140 described species in Cleidogonidae.
Conotylidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. There are about 19 genera and at least 60 described species in Conotylidae.
Striariidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments. There are at least 3 genera and about 13 described species in Striariidae.
David A. Hubbard, Jr is an American speleobiologist and karst geologist, exploring and documenting speological sites and life forms around Virginia and Maryland. He has published on phenomenon of burial caves, in particular by the indigenous peoples of Virginia, as well as the use of caves by human beings over the past 10,500 years.
Buotidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. This family contains a single species, Buotus carolinus, which exhibits sexual dimporphism in segment number: the adult female has 28 segments, but the adult male has only 26, both fewer than the 30 usually found in this order.
Peterjohnsiidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Species in this family exhibit sexual dimorphism in segment number: adult males have 30 segments, but adult females have 32 segments. In adult males in this family, the gonopod complex involves three leg pairs rather than just the two usually modified into gonopods in this order.
Kashmireumatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have only 26 or 28 segments rather than the 30 segments usually found in this order. In the species Vieteuma topali, adults have 26 segments, whereas in all other species in this family, adults have 28 segments. In some species, the second leg pair in the adult female is vestigial, but all other species in this family, the adult female has a normal legs.
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