Tower of Paul III (Rome)

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Tower of Paul III
Torre di Paolo III
Parker, John Henry - Die Torre di Paolo III. am Kapitol (Zeno Fotografie).jpg
The Tower of Paul III at the Capitolium, photo by John Henry Parker (c. 1870).
Alternative namesPalazzo di Aracoeli; Rocca Paolina; Torre Paolina
General information
StatusNo longer extant
TypeVilla-fortress
Town or city Rome
Country Italy
Groundbreaking 16th century
Completed 1535
Demolished 1886
Design and construction
Architect(s)Jacopo Meleghino

The Tower of Paul III (Italian: Torre di Paolo III) was a fortified villa or tower belonging to the popes, rising on the Capitoline Hill in Rome (Italy). The edifice was built in the 16th century by Pope Paul III to the design of the architect Jacopo Meleghino. It was demolished in 1886 as part of the construction works of the Vittoriano. Its official name was Palazzo di Ara Coeli, or Torre di Ara Coeli [1] but it was also known as Rocca Paolina and Torre Paolina.

Contents

History

The tower took its name from Pope Paul III, who commissioned its construction soon after his own election, to underline the importance of the papal power over the city. It was annexed to the Franciscan Convent of Aracoeli (whose structures were almost entirely demolished as well [2] ) and rose at the foot of the Basilica of Ara Coeli, on the north side of the hill facing Via del Corso.

It was used as a summer residence for the Popes, but also as a residence for Cardinals by decision of Julius III; finally, Sixtus V assigned it permanently to the Franciscans of Ara Coeli.
In 1886 it was one of the first buildings to be demolished for the construction of the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II. The tower dominated the north end of Via del Corso, just above the Palazzetto di San Marco (to which it was connected by a corridor), and occupied approximately the same position of the current equestrian statue of the King. At the time, the demolition of the tower and of the adjacent historic structures saw a bitter polemic exchange between numerous scholars and intellectuals, even outside Italy.

Structure

The Tower had a characteristic massive structure with an approximately cubic shape, hanging over the square below, as can be clearly seen in the images and ancient photographs of the Capitolium; it was adjacent to one of the three fifteenth-century cloisters of the Convent of Ara Coeli, which was demolished as well.
The edifice was connected to the Palazzetto San Marco – the present Palazzetto Venezia, which however has been reconstructed, with several variations, on the opposite side of Palazzo Venezia – by a skywalk supported by high arches, also built by the Farnese Pope and known as Arch of St. Mark (or popularly "passetto"), which delimited the south side of the square: it was demolished during the construction works of the Vittoriano.
The external walls of the Tower had small rectangular windows surmounted by blind arches, which recalled the pattern of the arches of the nearby Colosseum; the upper part was crowned with a long battlements.
The interior of the structure originally boasted a rich decoration, which has largely been lost: the only surviving works, thanks to the efforts of the painter Filippo Prosperi, are some detached frescoes from the school of Raphael (Taddeo Zuccari, Michele da Lucca, maybe Perino del Vaga). [3]

Notes

  1. Torre di Ara Coeli, see Piazza di Venezia, Rome, 1799 engraving by Giovanni Battista Cipriani
  2. "Roma Sparita: Convento dell'Ara Coeli". 4 June 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  3. Picardi 2004.

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