Toyota C engine

Last updated

The ToyotaC engine family was a series of inline-4 diesel engines. There were two earlier generations of an engine Toyota named as the "Type C". The first generation was introduced in 1940 as a modification of the Type A engine. This first "Type C" was installed in the Toyota AE. The second generation was the first diesel engine at 1500cc used in the CS20 series 1959 Toyota Crown in October 1959. Japanese market vehicles with diesel engines were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships called Toyota Diesel Shop locations from 1979 until the dealership was cancelled in 1988.

Contents

C

The original C engine was first introduced on October 11, 1958 in a prototype Crown Diesel (CS20) at the 5th Tokyo Motor Show with sales commencing in October 19 the following year. [1] Derived from the R-series petrol engine, it has a displacement of 1,491 cc and produces 40 PS (29 kW). [2] It was underpowered, and due to the use of the insufficiently strong R-series block it was also not very durable. When the new 3R engine required a re-designed block, Toyota chose to cancel the C engine rather than re-engineer it. [3] Production ended in March 1961, [1] and Toyota chose to focus on the more powerful diesel J engine which appeared in 1964.

Technical specifications: [1]

Features at a glance

CodeCapacity (cc)Bore (mm)Stroke (mm)InjectionTurbo
1C183983.085.0
1C-L183983.085.0
1C-LC183983.085.0
1C-TL183983.085.0turbo
1C-TLC183983.085.0turbo
2C197486.085.0
2C-L197486.085.0
2C-E197486.085.0EFI
2C-T197486.085.0turbo
2C-TL197486.085.0turbo
2C-TLC197486.085.0turbo
2C-TE197486.085.0EFIturbo
3C21848694
3C-E21848694EFI
3C-T21848694turbo
3C-TE21848694EFIturbo

1C

1C
Overview
Manufacturer Toyota
Layout
Displacement 1.8 L (1839 cc)
Cylinder bore 83.0 mm
Piston stroke 85.0 mm
Valvetrain SOHC
Compression ratio 22.5:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
Fuel typediesel

1C, 1C-L, 1C-LC

The First Generation 1C was first introduced in the seventh generation Corona on January 26, 1982 [4] and May 12, 1983 for transversely mounted applications as the 1C-L in the front-wheel drive models of the fifth Generation Corolla. [5] It used a direct drive OHC mechanism that would later be adopted by the L series engine.

Technical specifications(1C/1C-L):

Applications:

63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp) at 4500 rpm, 11.3 kg⋅m (111 N⋅m; 82 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

-

65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) at 4500 rpm, 11.5 kg⋅m (113 N⋅m; 83 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

1C-II

The second generation 1C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

64 PS (47 kW; 63 hp) at 4700 rpm, 12 kg⋅m (118 N⋅m; 87 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-III

Uprated version of the 1C-II

Applications:

67 PS (49 kW; 66 hp) at 4700 rpm, 12.5 kg⋅m (123 N⋅m; 90 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

1C-TL, 1C-TLC

Introduced on August 18, 1983 in the V10-series Camry/Vista it is the turbocharged version of the first generation 1C. [20] This model was only installed in the V10-series Camry/Vista . The European model premiered at the 1983 Frankfurt Motor Show and produces 73 PS (54 kW) at 4500 rpm and 145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm. [21]

Applications:

74 PS (54 kW; 73 hp) at 4500 rpm, 14.3 kg⋅m (140 N⋅m; 103 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (US, Net SAE)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 14.8 kg⋅m (145 N⋅m; 107 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe)

80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4700 rpm, 15.5 kg⋅m (152 N⋅m; 112 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C

2C
Overview
Manufacturer Toyota
Production1983-2004
Layout
Configuration Inline-4
Displacement 2.0 L (1974 cc)
Cylinder bore 86.0 mm (3.39 in)
Piston stroke 85.0 mm (3.35 in)
Cylinder block material Cast Iron
Cylinder head material Aluminum
Valvetrain SOHC 2 valves per cylinder
Valvetrain drive system Timing belt
Compression ratio 22.5:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
Turbocharger Toyota CT12 or CT9 turbo
Fuel system Mechanical fuel injection
Electronic fuel injection
Fuel type Diesel
Oil system Wet sump
Cooling system Water-cooled
Output
Power output 68–91  PS (67–90  hp; 50–67  kW)
Torque output 126–190  N⋅m (13–19  kg⋅m; 93–140  lb⋅ft)
Dimensions
Dry weight 400 lbs

The 2C was a long running diesel engine, with some models (e.g. Corona, Townace, Liteace) receiving the turbo version 2C-T which provided 65 kW. It was replaced by the more economical 3C-TE in the above models from 1999.

2C, 2C-L

Output:

Applications:

68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) at 4500 rpm, 12 kg⋅m (118 N⋅m; 87 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Europe, DIN)

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4500 rpm, 12.8 kg⋅m (126 N⋅m; 93 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-II

The second generation 2C engine updated with a higher compression ratio of 23:1

Applications:

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.1 kg⋅m (128 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe, EEC)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13 kg⋅m (127 N⋅m; 94 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-III

Uprated version of the 2C-II

Applications:

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.4 kg⋅m (131 N⋅m; 97 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm (Pakistan, Net SAE)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.2 kg⋅m (129 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 3000rpm (Japan, Net JIS)/(Europe)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.2 kg⋅m (129 N⋅m; 95 lb⋅ft) at 2500rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 13.4 kg⋅m (131 N⋅m; 97 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm (Europe, EEC)

73 PS (54 kW; 72 hp) at 4700 rpm, 13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) at 4600 rpm, 12.7 kg⋅m (125 N⋅m; 92 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Philippines, Net SAE)

2C-E

EFI version of the 2C-III

Applications:

72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4600 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Europe)

2C-T, 2C-TL, 2C-TLC

Turbocharged version of the 2C engine with a compression ratio of 22.5:1 [52]

Applications:

80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.2 kg⋅m (159 N⋅m; 117 lb⋅ft) at 3000rpm (US, Net SAE)

2C-(II)T

Turbocharged variant of the higher compression 2C-II engine adopting the Ceramic reinforced pistons from the 2LTE series. [52]

Note: Toyota

Applications:

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.7 kg⋅m (164 N⋅m; 121 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Europe)

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4500 rpm, 16.3 kg⋅m (160 N⋅m; 118 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) at 4000 rpm, 17 kg⋅m (167 N⋅m; 123 lb⋅ft) at 2400rpm (Japan, Gross JIS)

2C-(III)T

Revised variant of the 2C-(II)T fitted with Diesel Smoke Control System to meet stricter Japanese and Euro 2 emission standards. [56]

Applications:

Non Intercooled

82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4000 rpm, 17.7 kg⋅m (174 N⋅m; 128 lb⋅ft) at 2000rpm (Europe)

88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) at 4000 rpm, 18 kg⋅m (177 N⋅m; 130 lb⋅ft) at 2200rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4400 rpm, 19.4 kg⋅m (190 N⋅m; 140 lb⋅ft) at 2600rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

2C-TE

EFI variant of the 2C-(III)T adopting electronic throttle control. [61]

Applications:

90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 4000 rpm, 20.7 kg⋅m (203 N⋅m; 150 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Europe)

3C

3C
Overview
Manufacturer Toyota
Layout
Displacement 2.2 L (2184 cc)
Cylinder bore 86.0 mm
Piston stroke 94.0 mm
Valvetrain SOHC
Compression ratio 22.0:1 - 23.0:1
Combustion
Fuel typediesel

Although having a larger displacement than the 2C-T, the 3C-TE was more economical and powerful at 100 PS. The C series engines were replaced by the CD series in the European market, while Toyota stopped selling diesel non-commercial models in Japan after the 3C-TE.

3C-E

EFI version with compression ratio of 23.0:1

79.0 PS (58.0 kW; 78.0 HP) at 4,400 rpm

Applications:

79 PS (58 kW; 78 hp) at 4400 rpm, 15 kg⋅m (147 N⋅m; 108 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

3C-T

Turbocharged version with compression ratio of 22.6:1(Non Intercooled) or 20.0:1(Intercooled).

From 88.0 PS (65.0 kW; 87.0 HP) at 4,000 rpm to 91.0 PS (67.0 kW; 90.0 HP) at 4,000 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4000 rpm, 19.6 kg⋅m (192 N⋅m; 142 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

91 PS (67 kW; 90 hp) at 4000 rpm, 19.8 kg⋅m (194 N⋅m; 143 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 4200 rpm, 22 kg⋅m (216 N⋅m; 159 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

3C-TE

Turbocharged version with EFI and compression ratio of 22.6:1.

From 94.0 PS (69.0 kW; 92.0 HP) at 4,400 rpm to 100.0 PS (74.0 kW; 99.0 HP) at 4,200 rpm

Applications:

Non Intercooled

90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 4000 rpm, 20.9 kg⋅m (205 N⋅m; 151 lb⋅ft) at 2000-2400 rpm (Europe)

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.0 kg⋅m (206 N⋅m; 152 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.5 kg⋅m (211 N⋅m; 156 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

-

94 PS (69 kW; 93 hp) at 4000 rpm, 21.0 kg⋅m (206 N⋅m; 152 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Intercooled

105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) at 4200 rpm, 23 kg⋅m (226 N⋅m; 166 lb⋅ft) at 2600 rpm (Japan, Net JIS)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota A engine</span> Family of internal combustion engines

The Toyota A Series engines are a family of inline-four internal combustion engines with displacement from 1.3 L to 1.8 L produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. The series has cast iron engine blocks and aluminum cylinder heads. To make the engine as short as possible, the cylinders are siamesed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota ZZ engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota ZZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series. The ZZ series uses a die-cast aluminium engine block with thin press-fit cast iron cylinder liners, and aluminium DOHC 4-valve cylinder heads. The camshafts are chain-driven. The two 1.8 L members of the family, the 1ZZ and 2ZZ, use different bore and stroke. The former was optimised for economy, with torque emphasised in lower revolutions per minute operating range, while the latter is a "square" design optimised for high-RPM torque, yielding higher peak power. The ZZ family replaced the extremely popular cast-iron block 4A engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota AZ engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota AZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series. The AZ series uses an aluminium engine block with cast iron cylinder liners and aluminium DOHC cylinder head. The engine series features many advanced technologies including slant-squish combustion chambers, offset cylinder and crank centers, and the VVT-i continuously variable intake valve timing system. The aluminium engine measures 626 mm (24.6 in) long, 608 mm (23.9 in) wide, and 681 mm (26.8 in) tall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota VZ engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota VZ engine family is a series of V6 gasoline piston engines ranging from 2.0 to 3.4 L in displacement and both SOHC and DOHC configurations. It was Toyota's first V6 engine, being made as a response to Nissan’s VG engine, one of Japan’s first mass-produced V6 engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota R engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota R family was a series of inline-four gasoline automobile engines. Designed for longitudinal placement in such vehicles as the Celica and Hilux and in production from 1953 through 1997, usage faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. Overhead cam (OHC) versions featured a chain-driven camshaft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota K engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota K series is an inline-four engine that was produced from 1966 through 2007. It is a two-valve pushrod engine design. It was originally built from the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City factory in Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota T engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota T series is a family of inline-4 automobile engines manufactured by Toyota beginning in 1970 and ending in 1985. It started as a pushrod overhead valve (OHV) design and later performance oriented twin cam (DOHC) variants were added to the lineup. Toyota had built its solid reputation on the reliability of these engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota GR engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, a timing chain, and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection, and others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota S engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota S Series engines are a family of straight-4 petrol or CNG engines with displacement from 1.8 L to 2.2 L produced by Toyota Motor Corporation from January 1980 to August 2007. The series has cast iron engine blocks and aluminium cylinder heads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota E engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota E engine family is a straight-four piston engine series, and uses timing belts rather than chains. The E engines were the first multi-valve engines from Toyota designed with economy, practicality and everyday use in mind. Like many other Toyota engines from the era, the E engine series features a cast iron block, along with an aluminium cylinder head. E engines are lighter than earlier Toyota engines, due to the hollow crankshaft, thinned casting of the cylinder block, and several other reductions in auxiliaries as well as in the engine itself. Carbureted versions include a newly designed, variable-venturi carburetor. All of these changes improved economy and emissions. The members of the E engine family, range from 1.0 L to 1.5 L. The E family supplanted the K engines in most applications. A large number of parts in the E engine series are interchangeable between each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota L engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The L family is a family of inline four-cylinder diesel engines manufactured by Toyota, which first appeared in October 1977. It is the first diesel engine from Toyota to use a rubber timing belt in conjunction with a SOHC head. Some engines like the 2L-II and the 2L-T are still in production to the present day. As of August 2020, the 5L-E engine is still used in Gibraltar in the fifth-generation Toyota HiAce, eighth-generation Toyota Hilux, second-generation Toyota Fortuner, and fourth-generation Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. Vehicles with the diesel engine were exclusive to Toyota Japan dealership locations called Toyota Diesel Store until that sales channel was disbanded in 1988.

The Toyota KZ is one of Toyota's small passenger diesel engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota KD engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota KD engine series is a diesel engine produced by Toyota which appeared in 2000.

The Toyota ND is an inline-four diesel engine used for Toyota models in various markets including Japanese, Indian and European ones.

The Toyota N engine is a diesel engine produced by Toyota between 1986 and 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota ZR engine</span> Type of engine created by Toyota

The ZR engine is a family of straight-four 16-valve all-aluminum and water cooled gasoline engines with a die-cast aluminum block and variable valve timing developed by Toyota Motor Corporation, produced from 2007. Engines displace from 1.6 to 2.0 liters. Most engines in this family are equipped with Toyota's dual VVT-i technology that optimizes both intake and exhaust valve timing. This engine family is also the first to use Toyota's Valvematic system, first appearing on the Noah and Voxy in 2007 and then the European Avensis in 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota Sprinter Trueno</span> Motor vehicle

The Toyota Sprinter Trueno is a series of compact sports coupés and hot hatches which were produced by Toyota from 1972 to 2000. The name Trueno in Spanish means thunder. In Japan, the Sprinter Trueno was exclusive to Toyota Auto Store locations, later renamed Toyota Vista Store in 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota AR engine</span> Toyota 4-cyclinder engine introduced in 2008

The AR engine family is an Inline-4 piston engine series by Toyota, first introduced in 2008 for the RAV4, and subsequently for the Highlander, Venza, Camry and Scion tC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota NR engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Toyota NR engine family is a series of small inline-four piston engines designed and manufactured by Toyota, with capacities between 1.2 and 1.5 litres.

The Toyota CD engine is a 2.0 L (1,995 cc) diesel engine used in the Toyota Corolla, RAV4, Avensis and other vehicles. It is a DOHC engine with a bore and stroke of 82.2 mm × 94 mm with 116 hp (87 kW). The higher-output CD Series engines have now largely been replaced by the AD engine while low output applications where replaced by the ND engine. There were two versions: the 1CD-FTV and the more powerful 2CD variant.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "75 Years of Toyota | Part 1 Chapter 2 Section 8 | Item 2. Development of the C diesel engine". www.toyota-global.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  2. ↑ ＧＰ企画センター [GP Planning Center], ed. (2006). 日本自動車史年表[History Timeline of the Japanese automobile]. Tokyo, Japan: GP Publications. ISBN   978-4-87687-286-2.
  3. ↑ "Section 8. Debut of the Toyopet Crown, a Full-Fledged Passenger Car: Item 2. Development of Large Trucks, Four-wheel-drive Vehicles, and Diesel Engines (d)". 75-Year History. Archived from the original on 2019-03-10.
  4. 1 2 "Toyota Corona Undergoes Full Model Change". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  5. 1 2 "Toyota Announces Model Changes in Corolla and Sprinter". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  6. 1 2 3 "60014528B Townace Truck 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  7. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". www.toyota-global.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  8. ↑ "Toyota Liteace Vol. 1". 郷愁の自動車・カタログギャラリー. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  9. ↑ "Toyota Markets Carina With 1C-Type Diesel Enbgine". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  10. ↑ "Toyota Introduces Diesel Powered Corolla and Sprinter". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  11. ↑ "60003780 Corolla 6th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  12. ↑ "Toyota Announces New Corolla and Sprinter Series". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  13. ↑ "60003801B Corolla wagon 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  14. ↑ "60009134 Sprinter 6th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  15. ↑ "60009177 Sprinter Van 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  16. 1 2 "思い出のクルマをカタログで振り返る３４（３代目ライトエースバン）". みんカラ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  17. 1 2 "Toyota Announces All New Liteace and Town Ace Tucks". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  18. 1 2 "60001491 Townace Truck 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  19. 1 2 "Toyota Corolla 1990 AE92 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  20. 1 2 "Turbodiesel to Power Toyota Vista and Camry" (Press release). Toyota. 1983-08-18. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  21. 1 2 Verhelle, Tony (1983-10-13). "Frankfurt: vervolg en slot" [Frankfurt continued]. De AutoGids (in Flemish). Brussels, Belgium: Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine. 5 (106): 35–36.
  22. ↑ "Toyota Camry Brochure 1985 NL - Page 15 of 16 - Veikl". www.veikl.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  23. 1 2 "ImportArchive / Toyota Camry 1983‑1986 Specifications Pages". importarchive.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  24. ↑ "60002570 Carina 4th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  25. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1986 NL - Page 4 of 4 - Veikl". www.veikl.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  26. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1986 NL - Page 9 of 16 - Veikl". www.veikl.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  27. ↑ "60015984A Light Ace 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  28. 1 2 "60001321 Townace 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  29. ↑ "60015861 Light Ace Truck 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  30. ↑ "Indus Motor Company LTD - Corolla - Specification". 2008-02-05. Archived from the original on 2008-02-05. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  31. ↑ "Indus Motor Company Limited | Specifications". 2008-08-31. Archived from the original on 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  32. ↑ "60003908 Corolla 7th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  33. ↑ "60009223 Sprinter 7th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  34. ↑ "60009249B Sprinter Wagon 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  35. ↑ "60009249A Sprinter Van 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  36. ↑ "Full-Time 4WD Models Join Corolla and Sprinter Lines". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  37. ↑ "60004075 Corolla 8th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  38. ↑ "60009339 Sprinter 8th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  39. ↑ "Toyota Carina II Brochure 1990 NL - Page 21 of 30 - Veikl". www.veikl.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  40. ↑ "Full Model Change for Carina". global.toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  41. ↑ "60008397 Corona 9th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  42. ↑ "Toyota Townace 1998 SR40, CR40 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  43. ↑ "60002691 Carina 6th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  44. ↑ "60008512A Corona 10th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  45. ↑ "60003001 Caldina 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  46. ↑ "Toyota: Tamarawfx". 2002-08-10. Archived from the original on 2002-08-10. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  47. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. Archived from the original on 1998-07-01. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  48. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. Archived from the original on 1998-07-01. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  49. ↑ "Toyota Motor Philippines: Toyota Tamaraw FX". 1998-07-01. Archived from the original on 1998-07-01. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  50. ↑ "Press Release:The Most Desirable Corolla Ever" (PDF). Toyota Press Office UK. 1997.
  51. ↑ "Corolla Generations: 1997 - 2001". Toyota UK. 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  52. 1 2 3 "Toyota Camry" (PDF) (Press release). UK: Toyota. January 17, 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-24.
  53. ↑ "60015984A Light Ace 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  54. ↑ "60002069 Camry 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  55. ↑ "60012094A Vista 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  56. 1 2 "Press Release: A New Face For A British Favorite" (PDF). Toyota Press Office UK. March 1996.
  57. ↑ "60008553 Corona Premio 11th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  58. ↑ "60002728 Carina 7th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  59. ↑ "60002106 Camry 4th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  60. ↑ "60012122A Vista 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  61. 1 2 "Toyota Avensis" (Press release). UK: Toyota. October 1997. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21.
  62. ↑ "トヨタ、カルディナ バンを一部改良 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 公式企業サイト". global.toyota. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  63. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". www.toyota-global.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  64. ↑ "Toyota Sprinter 1998 Wagon EE104, CE102 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  65. ↑ "Toyota Corolla 1998 AE100, AE101 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  66. ↑ "Toyota Corolla 1998 EE111, AE110 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  67. ↑ "Toyota Sprinter 1998 EE111, AE110 01 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  68. ↑ "60004185A Corolla 9th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  69. ↑ "60004239 Corolla Fielder 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  70. ↑ "60001574 Townace Truck 4th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  71. ↑ "75 Years of Toyota". www.toyota-global.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  72. ↑ "60012128A Vista 4th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  73. ↑ "60002144 Camry 5th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  74. ↑ "60019879A Light Ace 4th". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  75. ↑ "60001375A Townace 3rd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  76. ↑ "60000479 Estima Lucida 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  77. ↑ "60000467 Estima Emina 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  78. ↑ "60002006 Gaia 1st". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  79. ↑ "Toyota Ipsum 2000 SXM10, CXM10 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  80. ↑ "Toyota Picnic Brochure 1998 NL - Page 18 of 24 - Veikl". www.veikl.com. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  81. ↑ "Toyota Townace 1998 SR40, CR40 01 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  82. ↑ "Toyota Liteace noah 1998 SR40, CR40 01 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  83. ↑ "Toyota Carina 1998 AT212, AT210 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  84. ↑ "Toyota Corona premio 1998 AT210, AT211 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  85. ↑ "60003059 Caldina 2nd". www.toyota.co.jp. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  86. ↑ "Toyota Estima 1998 Lucida CXR10, TCR10 - JapanClassic". www.en.japanclassic.ru. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.