 Tutong fishermen in 2023. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 16,958 [1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Brunei | |
| Tutong District | 10,974 [1] |
| Languages | |
| Tutong, Malay (Brunei Malay) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Belait, Dusun Brunei | |
The Tutong people are an ethnic group native to Brunei, mainly in Tutong District. They traditionally speak the Tutong language. They are officially recognised as one of the seven ethnic groups of the Bruneian Malay race (jati Melayu). [2]
In Malay, the official language of Brunei, they are called puak Tutong. The endonym is Bunu Tutong in Tutong language. [3] The Brunei Dusun, another indigenous ethnic group in Brunei, called the Tutong people Sang Keluyoh. [4]
The origin of the Tutong people is unclear. [5] According to an oral tradition, they are descended from a Murut named Tutong who had helped the people of Lurah Saban, a village on the banks of the Tutong River, against headhunting by the Kayan people. [6] [1] The river itself is believed to have been named after him in honour of his heroic action. [6] Also, the people whom he had helped eventually considered themselves the followers of Tutong. [1]
Another oral tradition states that they are descended from someone named Si Letong who had migrated from Sulawesi, Indonesia. [7] It was believed that he initially settled in Kampong Telisai [lower-alpha 1] and married a local who was a member of the Dusun (Brunei) tribe. [7] It was said that he did not favour living there due to the noise from the sea waves, hence he decided to resettled away from the coast. [7] The river in the new settlement where he lived was eventually named after him, hence the name the Tutong River. [7]
Researchers on the linguistics of Tutong language hypothesise that the Tutong people might have originated from Lower Baram (Baram Hilir), [8] a region near the mouth of the Baram River in Sarawak, Malaysia. This is based on the cumulative researches which demonstrate the linguistic similarity between the language and Miri language, [9] the language of the people native to the region.
The Tutong people are the traditional speakers of the Tutong language (Basa' Tutong), an Austronesian language. It is considered endangered. [10] Notable initiatives to revitalise the language include the publication of a bilingual dictionary between Tutong and Malay by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, the Bruneian language authority, and the introduction of Tutong as a language subject in the national university Universiti Brunei Darussalam. [11]
The population is recorded to be 16,958 in Brunei. [1] Majority is in Tutong District at 64.7%, followed by Brunei-Muara District at 24.5%, Belait District at 10.5% and Temburong District at 0.2%. [1]
The Tutong people are entirely Muslims.[ citation needed ] However, in the past, they had practiced animism. [12] The exact point in time when they converted to Islam is not known, however it is thought to be related to the migration of the Muslims from Brunei proper and Sarawak and their marriage with the Tutong locals sometime in the 18th and 19th centuries. [12]
Tutong District or simply Tutong is one of the four districts of Brunei. It has an area of 1,166 square kilometres (450 sq mi); the population was 48,313 in 2016. The administrative town is Pekan Tutong. It is home to Tasek Merimbun, the country's largest natural lake.
The Kedayan are an ethnic group residing in Brunei, Federal Territory of Labuan, southwest of Sabah, and north of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. According to the Language and Literature Bureau of Brunei, the Kedayan language is spoken by about 30,000 people in Brunei, and it has been claimed that there are a further 46,500 speakers in Sabah and 37,000 in Sarawak. In Sabah, the Kedayan mainly live in the southern districts of Sipitang and Beaufort, where they are counted as a part of the local Malay populace. Whilst in Sarawak, the Kedayans mostly reside in the towns of Lawas, Limbang and Miri.
Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 1885 to 1906.
There are a number of languages spoken in Brunei. The official language of the state of Brunei is Standard Malay, the same Malaccan dialect that is the basis for the standards in Malaysia and Indonesia. This came into force on 29 September 1959, with the signing of Brunei 1959 Constitution.
Saiful Rijal ibni Abdul Kahar, also spelled Saiful Rehal and Saiful Rizal, was the eighth Sultan of Brunei and reigned from 1533 to 1581. He was succeeded by his eldest son Shah Berunai.
The Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Library is a group of public libraries operated by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei. It is also the legal deposit and copyright for Brunei.
Bruneian Malays are a native Malay ethnic group that lives in Brunei, the federal territory of Labuan, the southwestern coast of Sabah and the northern parts of Sarawak. The Bruneian Malays are a subgroup of the larger ethnic Malay population found in the other parts of the Malay World, namely Peninsular Malaysia and the central and southern areas of Sarawak including neighbouring lands such as Singapore, Indonesia and Southern Thailand, having visible differences especially in language and culture, even though they are ethnically related to each other and follow the teachings of Islam. All Bruneian Malays who are born or domiciled in East Malaysia even for generations before or after the independence of the states of Sabah and Sarawak from the British Empire through the formation of Malaysia in 1963 are also considered Malaysian Malays in the national census and were in the same status like the Malaysian Malays domiciled in Peninsular Malaysian states and the central and southern parts of Sarawak. They are also defined as a part of the Bumiputera racial classification together as a subgroup within the Malaysian Malay ethnic population along with the Kadazan-Dusuns, Orang Ulu, Ibans, Malaccan Portuguese, Muruts, Orang Sungai, Bajau, Suluks and the Malaysian Siamese.
The Brunei Malay language, also called Bruneian Malay language, is the most widely spoken language in Brunei and a lingua franca in some parts of Sarawak and Sabah, such as Labuan, Limbang, Lawas, Sipitang and Papar. Though Standard Malay is promoted as the official national language of Brunei, Brunei Malay is socially dominant and it is currently replacing the minority languages of Brunei, including the Dusun and Tutong languages, existing in a diglossic speech, wherein Brunei Malay is commonly used for daily communication, coexisting with the aforementioned regional languages and Malay creoles, and standard Malay used in formal speech; code switching between standard Malay and Brunei Malay is spoken in informal speech as a lingua franca between Malay creoles and regional languages. It is quite similar to Standard Malay to the point of being almost mutually intelligible with it, being about 84% cognate with standard Malay. Standard Malay is usually spoken with Brunei pronunciation.
The Tutong language, also known as Basa Tutong, is a language spoken by approximately 17,000 people in Brunei. It is the main language of the Tutong people, the majority ethnic group in the Tutong District of Brunei.
The Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA or MoRA; Malay: Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ugama, KHEU) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for the propagation of Islam and its upholding as the state religion, as well as oversees the Islamic religious education in the country. It is currently led by a minister and a deputy minister, whereby the incumbents are Badaruddin Othman and Pengiran Mohd Tashim Pengiran Hassan respectively. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan.
Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim CBE, pen name Yura Halim, was a Bruneian nobleman, politician, civil servant, diplomat, and writer. He served as the Chief Minister of Brunei from 1967 to 1972. He wrote the lyrics for Brunei's national anthem, "Allah Peliharakan Sultan," in 1947. The song was adopted as the country's official national anthem in 1951, when it was still a British protectorate. He was longtime member of the Legislative Council of Brunei, serving on the council until his death in 2016.
Muda Hashim Secondary School is a government boys' secondary school in Tutong, the town of Tutong District in Brunei. The school provides five years of general secondary education leading up to O Level qualification. It has 636 students. The current principal is Mohamad Saiful Bahrin bin Sabri.
Kampong Kiudang or simply known as Kiudang, is a village in Tutong District, Brunei, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the district town Pekan Tutong. The population was 1,258 in 2016.
The Language and Literature Bureau is the Bruneian language authority of the country's official language Malay. It is also the operator of public libraries in the country. It was established in 1960 and is now a government department under the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.
Bukit Bendera is a populated area in Tutong, the town of Tutong District, Brunei. It is officially a village-level subdivision under the mukim or subdistrict of Pekan Tutong, as well as a designated postcode area with the postcode TA1341. Parts of Bukit Bendera area is also under the spatial jurisdiction of Tutong Municipal Department, the municipal body of the town.
Kampong Penabai is a coastal village in Tutong District, Brunei, about 4–5 kilometres (2.5–3.1 mi) from the district town Pekan Tutong. The population was 749 in 2021. It is one of the villages within Mukim Pekan Tutong, a mukim in the district.
Nasruddin ibni Besar Abdullah, sometimes spelled Nassaruddin and posthumously named Marhum di Kianggeh, was the self-proclaimed 16th Sultan of Brunei and the grandson of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. It was under his reign that the first gold coins or pitis were introduced, with the name Nasiruddin Malik al Zahir.
Pengiran Abu Bakar bin Pengiran Umar MBE was a nobleman, civil servant, and politician who became the fifth Speaker of the Brunei legislative council, serving from 1 December 1974 until his retirement on 14 December 1981. Notably, he is the father-in-law to Princess Masna Bolkiah.
Pengiran Mohammad bin Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut MBE or commonly referred to by his title Pengiran Temenggong and nicknamed National Hero, was a Bruneian nobleman, teacher and politician who formerly held several high-ranking positions which included being a member of the State Council, Privy Council, and the Islamic Religious Council. Notably, he is one of the founding members of the Royal Brunei Yacht Club and the Chairman of the Brunei Boxing Association.
The Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara is a government department under the Prime Minister's Office that functions to guarantee the constant maintenance of Royal Customs. It has been translated literally as the Office of State Customs, the Department of the State Customs or the State Department of Customs and Traditions, even though it does not have an English name. In order to guarantee that the practice and implementation, particularly the Istiadat Diraja, are always in accordance with the philosophy of Melayu Islam Beraja, preaching and teaching the public through lectures, briefings, and workshops on Adat Istiadat (Customs) are regularly held.
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