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Tylopilus is a genus of over 100 species of mycorrhizal bolete fungi separated from Boletus. Its best known member is the bitter bolete, the only species found in Europe. More species are found in North America, such as the edible species T. alboater. Australia is another continent where many species are found. All members of the genus form mycorrhizal relationships with trees. Members of the genus are distinguished by their pinkish pore surfaces.
Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus, commonly known as the violet-grey bolete, is a fungus of the bolete family. First described in 1936, the mushroom has a disjunct distribution, and is distributed in eastern North America and Korea. The fruit bodies of the fungus are violet when young, but fade into a chocolate brown color when mature. They are solid and relatively large—cap diameter up to 15 cm (5.9 in), with a white pore surface that later turns pink, and a white mycelium at the base of the stem. The mushroom is inedible. A number of natural products have been identified from the fruit bodies, including unique chemical derivatives of ergosterol, a fungal sterol.
Tylopilus alboater, called the black velvet bolete, by some, is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The species is found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and in eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. A mycorrhizal species, it grows solitarily, scattered, or in groups on the ground usually under deciduous trees, particularly oak, although it has been recorded from deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests.
Tylopilus badiceps is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to North America. It was described in 1900 as Boletus badiceps by Charles Horton Peck, and transferred to the genus Tylopilus in 1971 by Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers. It is a good edible mushroom.
Tylopilus neofelleus is a bolete fungus found in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China, Taiwan, Japan, and New Guinea. It is similar in appearance to Tylopilus felleus, but is distinguishable from that species by its smaller spores.
Tylopilus sultanii is a bolete fungus found in Pakistan and reported as new to science in 2014. Named after Pakistani mycologist Sultan Ahmad (1910–1983), it is one of three Tylopilus species found in the country; the others are T. pseudoscaber and T. felleus. Tylopilus sultanii resembles T. pseudoscaber, but differs from that species in having a cracked cap surface, no color changes in bruised flesh, and larger spores. Known only from the type locality of Ayubia National Park in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, it fruits under conifers from July to September.
Tylopilus brunneirubens is a bolete fungus of the genus Tylopilus. It was originally described in 1972 by E.J.H. Corner, and transferred to Tylopilus by Roy Watling in 1994. The fungus has been recorded from Malaysia and Zambia, and Singapore.
Tylopilus perplexus is a bolete fungus of the genus Tylopilus. Described as new to science in 1994 by Scottish mycologist Roy Watling, it is found in Zambia, where it grows on the ground in relic miombo woodland.
Tylopilus subvinaceipallidus is a bolete fungus found in New South Wales, Australia.
Tylopilus montoyae is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Veracruz, Mexico, where it grows in mesophilous montane forest. It was described as new to science in 1991.
Tylopilus subniger is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Costa Rica, where it grows under oak in montane woodland. It was described as new to science in 1991.
Tylopilus virens is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in Asia. It was described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of Boletus; Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo transferred it to Tylopilus in 1964. The fruit body has a convex to flattened cap that is 2.5–8 cm (1.0–3.1 in) in diameter. The tubes on the cap underside are up to 2 cm long, while the roundish pores are about 1–2 mm wide. The mushroom is similar in appearance to Tylopilus felleus, but unlike that species, has a greenish cap when young. T. virens typically grows near the conifer species Keteleeria evelyniana. It has elliptical spores measuring 11–14 by 5.5–6 µm.
Tylopilus albofarinaceus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in China. It was first described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of Boletus; F.L. Tai transferred it to the genus Tylopilus in 1979. The fruit body has a convex, white cap that is up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The tubes on the cap underside are 3 mm long, while the pores are about 0.7–1 mm wide. The flesh in the stipe is white and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 11–14 by 5–7 µm. The type collection was made in Kunming in August 1938.
Tylopilus punctatofumosus is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in China. It was described as new to science in 1948 by Wei-Fan Chiu as a species of Boletus; F.L. Tai transferred it to the genus Tylopilus in 1979. The fruit body has a hemispherical to cushion-shaped, white cap measuring 2–3.5 cm (0.8–1.4 in) in diameter. The pores on the cap underside measure less than 1 mm wide. The flesh in the stipe is whitish to yellowish at the base, and does not change color with injury. It has ellipsoid spores measuring 9–11 by 5–6 µm. The type collection was made in Chichushan, in September 1938 growing under the conifer species Chinese white pine. Related Asian Tylopilus species include T. javanicus and T. roseolus.
Tylopilus funerarius is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Singapore, it was described as new to science in 1909 by English mycologist George Edward Massee. He described it as a "sombre, uninviting species, characterised by brownish-black velvety pileus and brown tube and pores", and considered it similar in appearance to Boletus chrysenteron. The species was transferred to the genus Tylopilus in 1981.
Tylopilus bulbosus is a bolete fungus of the genus Tylopilus. Described as new to science in 2001 by mycologists Roy Halling and Greg Mueller, it is found in Costa Rica, where it grows on the ground in montane forests dominated by the oak species Quercus copeyensis, Q. oocarpa, and Q. seemannii. The fungus produces fruit bodies with convex to flattened caps measuring 4.5–11 cm (1.8–4.3 in) in diameter. Its color is initially violet to purplish brown, and eventually fades to brown. The pore surface is initially pale pinkish purple to grayish red, and bruises brown where it has been handled. The white flesh stains pinkish brown where it has been exposed. Spores are more or less spindle shaped (subfusoid), smooth, and measure 10–14 by 4.2–5.6 µm; the fresh spore deposit is pinkish. Morphologically similar Tylopilus species include the eastern North American T. rubrobrunneus and the North and Central American T. williamsii.
Tylopilus brunneus is a bolete fungus of the genus Tylopilus found in New Zealand. It was originally described by Robert Francis Ross McNabb as a species of Porphyrellus in 1967, and transferred to Tylopilus by Carl Wolfe in 1980.
Tylopilus nebulosus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae found in eastern North America. It was originally described by Charles Horton Peck in 1898 as a species of Boletus, from collections made in Ray Brook, New York. Carl B. Wolfe transferred it to the genus Tylopilus in 1980.
Pseudoaustroboletus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Pseudoaustroboletus valens, found in China, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. It was originally given the name Boletus albellus illegitimately based on specimens from Singapore by George Edward Massee in 1909. In 1972 it was given the name Boletus valens legitimately before being transferred to Tylopilus valens in 1976. A molecular phylogenetics study found it to be distinct from Tylopilus and Boletus and the authors placed it in its own genus, Pseudoaustroboletus.
Tylopilus glutinosus is a species of the fungal family Boletaceae. It is the first generic report for Bangladesh. This species is putatively associated with Shorea robusta.
References
- ↑ Singer R. (1989). "New taxa and new combinations of Agaricales (Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium 4)". Fieldiana Botany. 21: 125.
