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Uhtred [1] (also Uchtryd or Uchtredus) (d. before 14 March 1148) was a Welsh clergyman. From 1140 to 1148 he was Bishop of Llandaff.
Uhtred's family origins are unknown. The name spelt "Uhtred" is a northern English name, but whether Bishop Uhtred was an Anglo-Saxon is not certain, and it is also possible he was a Welshman named Uchtred. [2] [3] His name was mentioned for the first time in 1126 when archdeacon Uchtredus of Llandaff testified in Woodstock about an agreement between Bishop Urban of Llandaff and Earl Robert of Gloucester. In 1131 and 1134 Uchtredus accompanied Bishop Urban on his travels to Rome. After almost six years of vacancy in the diocese of Llandaff, Uhtred became the new bishop in 1140. He was probably named bishop by King Stephen; otherwise Archbishop of Canterbury Theobald would not have ordained him bishop. However, during the war over the succession to the English throne known as the Anarchy, the area of the diocese of Llandaff fell under the control of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, who was one of the most important allies of King Stephen's opponent Empress Matilda. Because of this, Uhtred found himself in Robert of Gloucester's camp.
It is possible that Uhtred belonged to a claswr, one of native Welsh families in which clerical appointments were passed down from generation to generation even after the Norman conquest of Wales and who still shaped the church in South Wales in the 12th century. Like many other Welsh clergymen of his day, Uhtred was married and had children, which was criticized by reform-minded clergy. [4] [5] According to the chronicler Gerald of Wales, Uhtred was poorly educated and shamed the office of bishop, although this information is not impartial due to the rivalry between the Diocese of St David's (an appointment to which Gerald of Wales coveted all his life) and the Diocese of Llandaff at the time. But it is known that Uhtred was suspended by Archbishop Theobald for a period of time. In addition, he had frequent quarrels with Gilbert Foliot, the abbot of Gloucester Abbey, who vigorously defended the interests of his abbey in Wales. On the other hand, Foliot repeatedly affirmed his friendship with Uhtred and occasionally asked him for assistance. Uhtred himself also asserted his rights as a bishop. He improved the administration of his diocese and appointed a Welsh clergyman as dean of Gwent to strengthen his authority as bishop. Furthermore, he kept his good relationship with Robert, Earl of Gloucester. Uhtred strengthened his position by marrying his daughter Angharad to Iorwerth, the brother of King Morgan ab Owain of Caerleon. After Uhtred's death, his son Robert tried in vain to enforce his inheritance claim to the diocese of Llandaff against the newly appointed bishop Nicholas ap Gwrgan.
Theobald of Bec was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury from 1139 to 1161. His exact birth date is unknown. Some time in the late 11th or early 12th century Theobald became a monk at the Abbey of Bec, rising to the position of abbot in 1137. King Stephen of England chose him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1138. Canterbury's claim to primacy over the Welsh ecclesiastics was resolved during Theobald's term of office when Pope Eugene III decided in 1148 in Canterbury's favour. Theobald faced challenges to his authority from a subordinate bishop, Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester and King Stephen's younger brother, and his relationship with King Stephen was turbulent. On one occasion Stephen forbade him from attending a papal council, but Theobald defied the king, which resulted in the confiscation of his property and temporary exile. Theobald's relations with his cathedral clergy and the monastic houses in his archdiocese were also difficult.
Miles FitzWalter of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford was a great magnate based in the west of England. He was hereditary Constable of England and Sheriff of Gloucestershire.
Uhtred or Uchtred is a common masculine personal name from the Middle Ages period of British history. It may refer to:
The Bishop of Llandaff is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff.
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Hervey le Breton was a Breton cleric who became Bishop of Bangor in Wales and later Bishop of Ely in England. Appointed to Bangor by King William II of England, when the Normans were advancing into Wales, Hervey was unable to remain in his diocese when the Welsh began to drive the Normans back from their recent conquests. Hervey's behaviour towards the Welsh seems to have contributed to his expulsion from his see. Although the new king, Henry I wished to translate Hervey to the see of Lisieux in Normandy, it was unsuccessful.
Alexander of Lincoln was a medieval English Bishop of Lincoln, a member of an important administrative and ecclesiastical family. He was the nephew of Roger of Salisbury, a Bishop of Salisbury and Chancellor of England under King Henry I, and he was also related to Nigel, Bishop of Ely. Educated at Laon, Alexander served in his uncle's diocese as an archdeacon in the early 1120s. Unlike his relatives, he held no office in the government before his appointment as Bishop of Lincoln in 1123. Alexander became a frequent visitor to King Henry's court after his appointment to the episcopate, often witnessing royal documents, and he served as a royal justice in Lincolnshire.
Gilbert Foliot was a medieval English monk and prelate, successively Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London. Born to an ecclesiastical family, he became a monk at Cluny Abbey in France at about the age of twenty. After holding two posts as prior in the Cluniac order he was appointed Abbot of Gloucester Abbey in 1139, a promotion influenced by his kinsman Miles of Gloucester. During his tenure as abbot he acquired additional land for the abbey, and may have helped to fabricate some charters—legal deeds attesting property ownership—to gain advantage in a dispute with the Archbishops of York. Although Foliot recognised Stephen as the King of England, he may have also sympathised with the Empress Matilda's claim to the throne. He joined Matilda's supporters after her forces captured Stephen, and continued to write letters in support of Matilda even after Stephen's release.
Remigius de Fécamp was a Benedictine monk who was a supporter of William the Conqueror.
Nigel was an Anglo-Norman Bishop of Ely. He came from an ecclesiastical family; his uncle Roger of Salisbury was a bishop and government minister for King Henry I, and other relatives also held offices in the English Church and government. Nigel owed his advancement to his uncle, as did Nigel's probable brother Alexander, who like Nigel was advanced to episcopal status. Nigel was educated on the continent before becoming a royal administrator. He served as Treasurer of England under King Henry, before being appointed to the see, or bishopric, of Ely in 1133. His tenure was marked by conflicts with the monks of his cathedral chapter, who believed that Nigel kept income for himself that should properly have gone to them.
Hilary was a medieval bishop of Chichester in England. English by birth, he studied canon law and worked in Rome as a papal clerk. During his time there, he became acquainted with a number of ecclesiastics, including the future Pope Adrian IV, and the writer John of Salisbury. In England, he served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, who was the bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen of England. After Hilary's unsuccessful nomination to become Archbishop of York, Pope Eugene III compensated him by promoting him to the bishopric of Chichester in 1147.
Robert de Bethune was a medieval bishop of Hereford. From a knightly family, he became a teacher before becoming a canon by 1115. He was elected prior of Llanthony Priory in the middle 1120s, and was named bishop by King Henry I of England in 1130. As bishop, he was often appointed a judge by the papacy, and was known for the care he took of his diocese.
Robert Foliot was a medieval Bishop of Hereford in England. He was a relative of a number of English ecclesiastics, including Gilbert Foliot, one of his predecessors at Hereford. After serving Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln as a clerk, he became a clerk of Henry of Blois, the Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen of England. He attended the Council of Reims in 1148, where another relative, Robert de Chesney, was elected as Bishop of Hereford. Chesney then secured the office of Archdeacon of Oxford for Foliot.
Robert de Chesney was a medieval English Bishop of Lincoln. He was the brother of an important royal official, William de Chesney, and the uncle of Gilbert Foliot, successively Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London. Educated at Oxford or Paris, Chesney was Archdeacon of Leicester before his election as bishop in December 1148.
This article is about the particular significance of the century 1101–1200 to Wales and its people.
Events from the 1100s in England.
The Bishop of St Davids is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.
David FitzGerald was a medieval Bishop of St David's in Wales.
The Archdeacon of Llandaff is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of Llandaff, one of three archdeaconries in the diocese. The archdeaconry of Llandaff currently consists of five deaneries: Cardiff, Llandaff, Merthyr Tydfil & Caerphilly, Pontypridd, and Penarth & Barry.
Iorwerth ab Owain was a Welsh prince of Gwynllŵg and Lord of Caerleon.
