Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar, Comte de Lowendal

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Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar de Lowendal
Lowendal.jpg
Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar de Lowendal
Born(1700-04-01)1 April 1700
Free Imperial City of Hamburg
Died 27 May 1755(1755-05-27) (aged 55)
Paris, France
Allegiance
Service/branch French Army
Years of service 1707–1755
Rank Marshal of France
Battles/wars

Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar, Comte de Lowendal (Ulrich Friedrich Woldemar Reichsgraf von Löwendal, literally transliterated into Russian as Ульрих Фридрих Вольдемар граф фон Левендаль, 1700–1755) was a German officer and statesmen.

A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government. Politicians propose, support and create laws or policies that govern the land and, by extension, its people. Broadly speaking, a "politician" can be anyone who seeks to achieve political power in any bureaucratic institution.

Contents

Life

Freiherr von Löwendal served first under German Emporer Charles VI in the Imperial Army. He joined the daniish army for a short time, then he returnd to the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire. Later he served Augustus II the Strong, who made him Feldmarschall and Generalinspektor of the Saxon Infantery. 1734 to 1735 he commanded the troops of Saxony at the Rhine. Later, like so many Germans, he served in the Imperial Russian Army, fighting the Turks 1739 by Khotyn.

<i><i lang="de" title="German language text">Freiherr</i></i> title of nobility in the Holy Roman Empire

Freiherr, Freifrau and Freiin are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire, and in its various successor states, including Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, etc. Traditionally it denotes the titled rank within the nobility above Ritter (knight) and Edler and below Graf and Herzog (duke). The title superseded the earlier medieval form, Edelherr.

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia

Charles VI succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia, Serbia and Archduke of Austria in 1711. He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative, Charles II, In 1708 He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by whom he had his two children: Maria Theresa, the last Habsburg sovereign, and Maria Anna, Governess of the Austrian Netherlands.

Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire) soldiers recruited for the Holy Roman Emperor during the Early Modern Period

The Imperial Army, Imperial Troops, Exercitus Imperatoris Romani, or Imperialists (Kaiserliche) for short, was a name used for several centuries, especially to describe soldiers recruited for the Holy Roman Emperor during the Early Modern Period. The Imperial Army of the Emperor should not be confused with the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsarmee), which could only be deployed with the consent of the Imperial Diet. The Imperialists effectively became a standing army of troops under the Habsburg emperor from the House of Austria, which is why they were also increasingly described in the 18th century as "Austrians", although its troops were recruited not just from the Archduchy of Austria but from all over the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

From 1740 until 1743 he was Generalgouverneur of Estonia. 1741 Augustus III, who was Reichsvikar, granted him the title of "Reichsgraf".

Estonia Republic in Northern Europe

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side, to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), water 2,839 km2 (1,096 sq mi), land area 42,388 km2 (16,366 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second most spoken Finnic language.

Augustus III of Poland King of Poland, Elector of Saxony

Augustus III was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire from 1733 until 1763 where he was known as Frederick Augustus II.

Imperial Count title of nobility in the Holy Roman Empire

Imperial Count was a title in the Holy Roman Empire. In the medieval era, it was used exclusively to designate the holder of an imperial county, that is, a fief held directly (immediately) from the emperor, rather than from a prince who was a vassal of the emperor or of another sovereign, such as a duke or prince-elector. These imperial counts sat on one of the four "benches" of Counts, whereat each exercised a fractional vote in the Imperial Diet until 1806.

French Army

From 1744 to 1755 he served in the French army. Born in Hamburg, he served in the armies of several countries, and from 1740 to 1743 acted as Governor-General of the Ostsee governorates of the Russian Empire. But he is best known for his service in the French army during the War of the Austrian Succession. In the French campaign in the Austrian Netherlands against the Pragmatic Army he served as a subordinate to Maurice de Saxe. He led French forces that captured Ghent in 1745 [1] and Bergen-op-Zoom in 1747. [2] The King of France, Louis XV, made him a Marshal of France for his success in capturing Bergen op Zoom.

Hamburg City in Germany

Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany with a population of over 1.8 million.

Russian Empire former country, 1721–1917

The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia or simply Russia, was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

War of the Austrian Succession Dynastic war in Austro-Hungary

The War of the Austrian Succession involved most of the powers of Europe over the issue of Archduchess Maria Theresa's succession to the Habsburg Monarchy. The war included peripheral events such as King George's War in British America, the War of Jenkins' Ear, the First Carnatic War in India, the Jacobite rising of 1745 in Scotland, and the First and Second Silesian Wars.

In 1755 Louis XV gave Lowendal instructions to act as a Plenipotentiary in negotiations with Prussia, designed to prevent the Seven Years' War from breaking out. However Lowendal died before he could carry out his orders and was replaced by Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, Duc de Nivernais. [3]

The word plenipotentiary has two meanings. As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers". In particular, the term commonly refers to a diplomat fully authorized to represent a government as a prerogative. As an adjective, plenipotentiary refers to something—an edict, assignment, etc.—that confers "full powers".

Prussia state in Central Europe between 1525–1947

Prussia was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and de jure by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in Königsberg and from 1701 in Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany.

Seven Years War Global conflict between 1756 and 1763

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain on one side and the Kingdom of France, the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Swedish Empire on the other. Meanwhile, in India, some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire, with the support of the French, tried to crush a British attempt to conquer Bengal. The war's extent has led some historians to describe it as "World War Zero", similar in scale to other world wars.

Death

Marshall Ulrich Friedrich Woldemar Reichsgraf von Löwendal died on 27 May 1755 in Paris. He had been married twice (first since 23 January 1722 to Theodora Eugenia von Schmettau, daughter of German General Gottlieb von Schmettau; since 13. November 1736 to Barbe Madeleine Gräfin von Szembek) and was father of eight children.

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Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Holy Roman Emperor

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Maurice de Saxe Marshal General of France

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Woldemar is a given name, a variant of Waldemar.

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References

  1. ↑ Browning p.219
  2. ↑ Browning p.319-21
  3. ↑ Dull p.42

Bibliography

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