Syed Umar Khalid (born 11 August 1987) is an Indian activist. He was a research scholar at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU),[1][2] and a former leader of the Democratic Students' Union at the university.[3] He is associated with United Against Hate, a campaign founded along with Nadeem Khan in July 2017, in response to a series of lynchings in India.[4][5]
In February 2016, Khalid was arrested by the Delhi Police for his alleged involvement in the JNU sedition row, in which anti-India slogans were raised by unknown persons following a protest organised against the capital punishment meted out to the 2001 Indian Parliament attack convict Afzal Guru, and was later released on bail.[6] He was re-arrested in September 2020 for his alleged involvement in the 2020 Delhi riots, an inter-religious riots that took place in the Indian capital of Delhi.[7] Considered a political prisoner, he has since been imprisoned in Tihar Jail and has consistently been denied bail, with his court trial yet to begin.[8][9][10] In January 2026, though the Supreme Court of India acknowledged the delay in trial, it cited the seriousness of the charges and denied bail to him again.[11]
Khalid's PhD thesis was titled “Contesting claims and contingencies of the rule on Adivasis of Jharkhand” and was submitted to the JNU in 2018.[21] Following his PhD, he published a research article titled "Changing Village Authority in an Adivasi Hinterland: State, Community and Contingencies of Rule in Singhbhum, 1830–1897" in the journal Social Scientist in 2018.[22]
Four days after the event, Delhi Police arrested JNU Students Union (JNUSU) president Kanhaiya Kumar on charges of sedition and criminal conspiracy.[24] Five other students including Khalid went into hiding. After their return 10 days later, Khalid and Anirban Bhattacharya were taken into custody.[25]
The arrest and the use of sedition charges were widely criticized as suppression of political dissent.[26][27][28] An inquiry committee appointed by the administration of JNU meted out varying punishments to a number of students. Kanhaiya Kumar was fined 10,000 rupees while Khalid and Bhattacharya were rusticated for one semester.[29] JNU refused to allow Umar Khalid to submit his PhD thesis in July 2018.[30][31] Khalid went to the Delhi High Court,[32][33] and obtained an order allowing him to submit his thesis.[33] On 2 August 2018, JNU accepted the PhD thesis submission.[34][35]
On 28 February 2020, the Delhi government gave its approval for a trial in the sedition case.[36]
Umar Khalid was active in the student protests which followed the suspicious disappearance of Najeeb Ahmed from his JNU hostel on 15 October 2016 after he was allegedly assaulted by students affiliated to the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP). Speaking to The Hindu, Khalid said the administration had not filed a police complaint regarding the incident (and only the family and students had) and have not taken action against those who attacked Najeeb.[37] In June 2017, he was fined by the university administration along with three other students for 20,000 rupees each and was issued immediate hostel transfer.[38]
On 15 October 2019, United Against Hate (a campaign group) organised a protest march at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi to mark three years of the disappearance of Najeeb. Khalid expressed his solidarity and joined the march alleging that the fact that investigative agencies including the CBI have not made any progress showed that there have been no efforts to find Najeeb, while his attackers were being protected.[39]
Along with Jignesh Mevani, Umar Khalid was booked for giving 'provocative' speeches in Pune. The criminal charges against Mevani and Khalid was for promoting enmity between different groups through their speeches. The Elgar Parishad rally, where this reportedly happened, was held in Pune to mark the 200th year of the Battle of Koregaon, a place in present-day Pune district, which was fought between the then British Indian Army and the Peshwas.[40]
Assassination attempt
On 13 August 2018, Khalid narrowly survived an assassination attempt.[41][42][43] The two accused were arrested on 20 August 2018 by police from Fatehabad, Haryana. Before the arrest, the accused had uploaded a video on Facebook on 15 August, saying the attack was an Independence Day gift for India, and they also wanted to highlight the issue of cow protection.[44][45]
Umar Khalid was booked under UAPA by Delhi Police for his alleged "provocative speeches" during the visit of American President Donald Trump to India.[46][47] Delhi police considered his speeches as instigating and facilitating the 2020 Delhi riots.[48][49] On 14 September 2020, Khalid was arrested by the Delhi Police Special Cell as an alleged conspirator in the Delhi Riots case.[50][51]
In charge sheets related to the riots, the police alleged that Khalid met councillor Tahir Hussain and activist Khalid Saifi at the Shaheen Bagh protest against the CAA and NRC on 8 January. The three men allegedly planned the Delhi riots. Khalid was interrogated twice for his alleged role. The police also linked Khalid's speeches to the riots. The Delhi Police's special cell is looking into a larger conspiracy case in addition to multiple cases filed in connection with the riots.[52]
Delhi Police filed a supplementary charge sheet against Umar Khalid in connection with the Delhi riots. They alleged a case of a multi-layered conspiracy and planning of a riot, and claimed that there was sufficient evidence to proceed against Khalid.[53] In early January 2021, a Delhi court agreed with the chargesheet.[54] Khalid filed a bail plea in July 2021, after eight month long hearing his bail application was dismissed. In the bail order the court said that the allegations against Khalid are prima facie true and his role in the "context of conspiracy" related to Delhi riots was apparent.[55] In March 2022, the court denied bail to Khalid. An Additional Sessions Judge Amitabh Rawat stated that Khalid's plea had "no merit and substance" for the bail to be granted.[56]
On 13 September 2022, as he completed two years in Tihar Jail under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act or UAPA, accused by the Delhi Police of involvement in 2020 Delhi riots, The Wire published Khalid's response to an open letter. By employing UAPA, he says, "we can be kept in jail for years, without those framing us needing to prove anything".[57]
On 18 October 2022, the Delhi High Court dismissed the bail plea of Khalid, as Delhi Police opposed it.[58]
On 3 December 2022, a Delhi court acquitted him in stone pelting case during Delhi riots.[59]
Supreme Court bail hearings
Khalid's bail petition first made it to the Supreme Court of India in May 2023. On 18 May, Justices Bopanna and Hima Kohli of the SC had issued notice and posted the case after six weeks. On 12 July, Justices Bopanna and M. M. Sundresh listed the case for 24 July. The case came up for hearing on 24 July before Justices Bopanna and Bela M. Trivedi.
The bail hearing came up next in the Supreme Court on 9 August 2023 when Justice Mishra recused himself and the bail hearing was scheduled for 17 August.[60]
It was listed again before the same judge on 17 August and then it was dropped from the Supreme Court case list.[61]
On 14 February 2024, Khalid withdrew his bail plea in the Supreme Court, submitting through his lawyer Kapil Sibal that “he will try his luck” at a lower court, citing a “change in circumstances”.[62] Without elaborating on the “change in circumstance”, Khalid’s father cited the long adjournments in the bail plea. At the time, he had completed 1248 days in incarceration.[63][64]
As of October 2024, Khalid had been jailed for four years without a trial, prompting the New York Times to describe him as "a symbol of the wide-ranging suppression of dissent under Prime Minister Narendra Modi."[65] On 18 December 2024, Khalid was granted a 7-day interim bail for attending a family wedding.[66]
In January 2026, Eight US Lawmakers wrote to Indian ambassador, Vinay Mohan Kwatra, demanding Khalid be granted bail and ensuring a free trial as per international norms.[67][68]
On 5 January 2026, the Supreme Court of India's two-judge bench rejected the bail plea of Khalid, while granting conditional bail to five other co-accused. The judges drew a distinction between the latter's alleged role and those ascribed to Umar Khalid and Sharjeel Imam. They held that the allegations against the five co-accused were "limited" and "ancillary" in nature, whereas Khalidi and Imam faced allegations of a “larger conspiracy” behind the riots in New Delhi. They cited the gravity of the allegations and the “central” role attributed to them by the prosecution.[69]
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